Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients to speed recovery or to cover the coming of death? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed by greater needs; the need to protect patients from brutal news, to uphold a promise of secrecy or to advance the public interest.
What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should doctors reject that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness? Should they at least hide the truth until after the family vacation?
Doctors face such choices often. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patients’ own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones.
Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them of risks destroys their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide.
But other studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, a great majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about serious illness, and feel cheated when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with illness; help them tolerate pain better with less medicine, and even recover faster after surgery.
There is an urgent need to debate this issue openly. Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem avoidable only through deception. Yet the public has every reason to know the professional deception, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to trust. Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, “What you don’t know can’t hurt you.”
Title: 1 Or Not
| Different 2 |
·Most doctors are in 3 of lying for the patients’ own sake. |
| ·A great majority of patients 4 on being told the truth. |
|
| Reasons for 5 lying to patients |
·Informing patients of the truth about their condition destroys their hope, 6 to recovering more slowly, or deteriorating faster, perhaps even 7 themselves. |
| Reasons 8 lying to patients |
·The truthful information helps patients to 9 their illness, help them tolerate pain better with less medicine, and even recover faster after surgery. ·Most patients feel 10 when they learn that they have been misled. |
ⅠFill in the blanks with the proper words.
A. Reading
The “monster of Lake Tianchi” is 1____ in the news again after several recent sightings. The monster seemed to be black 2___ color. It 3____out of the water like a seal. Although no one really got a clear 4____ at the mysterious creature, a local photographer 5_____ that its head looked like a horse.
In another recent 6______, a group of soldiers claim they saw an animal 7______ on the surface of the water. It was greenish-black creature and had round head 8______ 10-centimetre horns.
A third report came from Li Xiaohe. He claims to have seen the creature moving quickly through the water. After three or four hundred meters it 9_____ into the water. Ten minutes later the monster 10____ again and repeated the action.
There have been reports of monsters in Lake Tianchi since the 11________ of the last century. Some photos have been 12______. Many people think that the monster may be a 13______ cousin of the Loch Ness monster in Scotland. Scientists, however, are 14_______. They say that the low-temperature lake is unlikely to be able to support such large living creatures.
Lake Tianchi is the highest volcanic lake in the world. It 15___an area of about 10 square kilometers.
第Ⅱ卷（共35分）
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，满分35分）
第一节阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，并根据要求完成文章后的题目。
The Tang dynasty was probably the period when the Silk Road was at its busiest. One important centre on the road was the city of Chang’an, where present –day Xi’an now stands. Chang’an was the capital city of this dynasty and by about 750 AD it had become a strong and successful capital of around two million people. Because of the chances for trade, a number of foreigners from bordering China lived in the city.
The market at that time in Chang’ an were perhaps the most exciting markets anywhere in the word. They sold goods from India, Africa, Japan, Korea, Turkey, Iran and other Arab countries and many items in the markets world would have been completely to some of the buyers. Interesting animals was sold together with exotic plants and strange medicines. Dried animals, dried foods and dried plants were laid out for sale next to rare seeds and spices. But besides the hop to trade, which drew people together, China was still largely a mysterious country to the outside world, and certainly the secret of the silk making was still unknown.
The route to the west followed different paths but the traders would have traveled from places to places, always looking for routes both to water and protection. However, the Ming Dynasty had its policy of isolation, together with the growth of Islam, reduced the traffic along this ancient route. Instead, _________________________________ become more popular and in the 15th century there were many Chinese ships trading silk and other goods along the coast of India, Arabia and Africa.
76．What’s the best title of the passage?( Please answer within 10 words.)
_____________________________________________________________ _.
77．Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
To a great extent China was little known or understood by the outside world.
_____________________________________________________________ _.
78．Please fill in the blank in the last paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.(Please answer within 10 words)
_____________________________________________________________ _.
79．Do you think the Silk Road is important in history? Why? (Please answer within 30 words.)
_____________________________________________________________ _.
80．Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese.
_____________________________________________________________ _.
Part Three: Reading Comprehension
I. Fill in the blanks, using the proper forms of the words below.
( respect, watch, wander off, nest, worthwhile, discover, forest, where, argue, observe, work out, sleep, behave, entertainment, understand )
A PROTECTION OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE
It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. Our group are all going to visit the chimps in the 1. Jane has studied these animals for many years and helped people 2how much they 3like humans. 4a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to a place 5we left the chimp family 6in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits while the animals in the group begin to wake up and move. Then we follow as the family begins to 7into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that everybody will be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. But the evening makes it all 8. The mother chimp and her babies play in the tree and, after they come into her arms, we see them go to sleep together in their 9for the night.
Nobody before has fully understand chimp behaviour. Jane spent many years 10and recording their daily activities. She did not study at a university but she was determined to work with animals in their own environment. When she arrived at Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one thing she 11was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other and her study of their body language helped her 12their social system
For forty years Jane Goodall has been helping the rest of the world understand and 13the life of these animals. She has 14for them to be left in the wild and not used for15or advertisements. She has set up special places where they can live safely. Her life is very busy but as she says:
“Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It’s terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. I say to myself, ‘Aren’t they lucky?’ And then think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. Once you have seen that you can never forget…”
She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctor’s degree for studies, showing that women can live in the forest as men can. She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.
Part One: Cloze test.
Complete the blanks with the words or phrases in our textbook.
The City of the Future
What will the city of the future look like? No one knows 1, and making predictions is a risky business. But one thing is certain --- they are going to get bigger before they get smaller. In the future, care for the environment will become very important 2earth’s natural resources 3. We will use lots of recycled materials, such as plastic, aluminium, steel, glass, wood and paper, and we will waste fewer natural resources. We will also have to 4more
5alternative energy, such as solar and wind power. All this seems certain, but there are plenty of things about city life in the future which are not certain.
To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50,000 people in the year 2025. Here are some of the ideas they had:
Garbage ships To 6garbage problems, the city will 7huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems.
Batman Nets Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns.
Forget smoking No smoking will be allowed within a future city’s limits. Smoking will be possible only outside cities, and outdoors.
Forget the malls In the future all shopping will be done online, and catalogues will have voice commands to place orders.
Telephones for life Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth 8will never change 9where they live.
Recreation All forms of recreation, such as cinemas, bowling, softball, concerts and others will be provided 10by the city.
Cars All cars will 11by electricity, solar energy or wind, and it will be possible to change the colour of cars at the flick of a switch.
Telesurgery Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away, with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic.
Holidays at home Senior citizens and people with disabilities will be able to go anywhere in the world using high-tech cameras 12their head.
Space travel Travelling in space by ordinary citizens will be common. Each city will have its own spaceport.