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China’s Tianhe-1 has a computing speed of 2,507 trillion（万亿）calculations a second, making it the fastest computer in the world. It is also 40 percent faster than the world’s second fastest supercomputer, Cray XT5 Jaguar, in the US, kept at a national laboratory in Tennessee, according to the New York Times. Jack Dongarra, a University of Tennessee computer scientist, told NYT that the Chinese supercomputer is faster than the existing Number One machine.
Building the fastest supercomputer has become a source of national pride, as these machines are valued for their ability to solve problems in areas like defense, energy and science. These problems are related to national interests. Supercomputing technology is also found in business. Oil and gas companies use supercomputers to find oil and gas.
Obviously, research centers with large supercomputers attract top scientific talents. This adds extra importance to the machines—they’re more than just huge computers.
China’s new supercomputer will be used to speed up greatly scientific calculations, such as hurricane and tsunami modeling, cancer research, car design and even studying stars.
In 2008, two US scientists put together a step-by-step guide on how to build a supercomputer using PlayStation 3 video-game consoles（控制台）. Modern supercomputers are built by combining thousands of small computer servers（服务器）and using software to turn them into one large computer. Really, any organization with enough material and technology can create a fast machine.
The Chinese system follows that model by linking thousands upon thousands of computer servers. But the secret behind the system—and the technological achievement—is China’s own networking technology. “That technology was built by them,” Dongarra said. “They are taking supercomputing very seriously and using a lot of time and money.”
“China is still a developing country,” said Sha Chaoqun, manager at Dawning Company which is the leading supercomputer maker in China. “Maybe one day, China’s total computing power can be greater than that of the US, but there is still a long way to go before we get there.”
| Paragraph outline |
Supporting details |
| China has developed the world’s fastest supercomputer. |
◇Tianhe-1 has a high computing speed, which (1)__________ it the fastest computer in the world. ◇Tianhe-1 is 40 percent faster than the (2)__________ fastest supercomputer in the world. ◇(3)__________ Jack Dongarra, we learn that the Chinese supercomputer is faster than the existing Number One machine. |
| Many countries see the fastest supercomputer as a source of national (4)__________ and are making efforts to develop it. |
◇The high-speed computer is (5)__________ to solve problems related to national interests. ◇Besides (6)__________, supercomputing technology can also be found in areas of defence, energy and science. ◇It’s obvious that top scientific talents are (7)__________ to research centers with large supercomputers. |
| The secret behind supercomputers is networking technology. |
◇By using the technology built by Chinese people, taking it (8)__________ and devoting lots of time and money, China has achieved a lot. |
| Mr. Sha showed a conservative（保守的） (9)__________ toward the development of computing power. |
◇(10)__________ the greater computing power China may have in the future, there is still a long way to go. |
A few years ago, SARS __31______ out in the mainland of China, causing some people __32________ (kill) or nearly got close to death. The situation was so severe that there was__33______ time to debate who is to blame. The most important thing for the government to do is to find out the __34________ of this deadly disease. They invited all the most __35_________ (experience) experts in this field to discuss and quite a few suggestions were put forward. Some of the top experts then tested them to see _36_______ they were available. Doctor Zhong Nanshan chose one patient who was seriously ill and had little hope__37_______ picking up and had the new medicine tested on him. __38______ his great joy, this patient recovered! He made his way to his office and telephoned the top official, __39_______ (tell) him this exciting news. For convenience, he moved to live in his office. His method did make sense. Not soon after that, the __40___ hospitals also controlled this terrible disease and kicked it out finally.
Many Chinese believe 31 (eat) pig brains will increase their intelligence and some Americans regularly eat 32 ___ (cook) eggs to keep their minds sharp. 33 , doctors don’t recommend eating 34 raw eggs or animal brains. Then, what food is good for your brain? Scientists have found a relationship 35 ____ diet and a healthy brain. Generally speaking, fish is a brain food. 36 ____ fish, you should introduce lots of dark green leafy vegetables and colorful fruits into your diet, because most people lack the special vitamins 37 these brain food provide. If you eat brain foods 38 ____ (regular), they can increase brain power — help you pay attention, keep you 39 ___________ (motivate), improve your memory and 40 _____( less) stress from studies. Then you can do much better in your test.
With the (31)_____________ (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious. In Beijing, many people (32)___________(suffering) from different kinds of (33) ___________ ( ill ) because of air pollution.
Air pollution is caused (34)_________ the following reasons: about half of the problem is caused by vehicles（车辆）. There are more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give off (35)_________ (poison) gases. 25% of air pollution is caused by factories. Another (36)_________ (fact) is the smokers. Smoking not only does harm to their health but also to others’. (37)__________ these, about 10% of air pollution is caused by other reasons.
We should take some measures to fight (38)_____________ pollution. New fuel can be used to take the place of gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody realizes the importance of (39)___________(environment) protection and does something to stop pollution, the problem will (40)___________(solve).
Rudolph Valentino was a famous film star in the 1920s.
He once wanted to buy a particular silver ring that had a semi-precious stone in 31 .
The jeweler warned him against the ring, 32 (tell) him that it had a curse on it. 33 owned the ring would have bad luck.
Valentino did not believe him 34 he bought the ring.
He wore it during the making of his 35 film, The Young Rajah. The film was a complete failure.
Valentino put the ring 36 _ and went on to make many 37 (success) films. By 1926, he had forgotten all about the curse on the ring.
He wore it 38 . Soon afterwards, he fell ill and died.
39 of Valentino’s friends inherited the ring.She, too, became ill, 40 quickly gave the ring away to a young artist. She recovered from her illness almost immediately,
However, there was one band that started in a different way. It began as a TV show. The musicians of 31________ the band was formed played jokes 32___________ each other as well as played music. Their music and jokes were based loosely on the band called “The Beatles”. The TV organizers 33 (look) for four musicians who were lively and who could make good music. They put an advertisement in a newspaper 34 (look) for rock musicians, but they could only find one that was good enough. They had to use actors for the other members of the band. Actors may not be able to sing so at first other musicians sang the songs for the programme 35 the band pretended to sing them.
Their attractive performances 36 (copy) by other groups and their fans supported them fiercely. Each week the group that was called “The Monkees” would play a song or two written by other musicians. However, after a year or so in which they became 37 (serious) about their work, “The Monkees” started to play their own instruments and write their own songs like a real band. Then they produced their own records and started touring and playing their own music. They became even more popular than “The Beatles” in the USA and sold even more records. However, the band broke 38 in about 1970, but 39 (unite) in the mid-1980s. They produced a new record in 1996, which was a 40 (celebrate) of their time as a real band.