Researchhasshownthatmusichasan-优题课

About six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table，I couldn’t help overhearing parts of their conversation．At one point the woman asked，“So，how have you been?" And the boy -who could not have been more than seven or eight years old-replied．“Frankly, I've been feeling a little depressed lately．"
This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing．As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we were “depressed”，that is，in low spirits，until we were in high school．
Undoubtedly a change in children has increased steadily in recent years．Children don't seem childlike anymore．Children speak more like adults，dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to．
Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different．Childhood as it once was no longer exists．Why?
Human development is depended not only on born biological states，but also on patterns of gaining social knowledge．Movement from one social role to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new social posifions．Children have always been taught adult secrets，but slowly and in stages；traditionally,we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders．
In the last 30 years，however, a secret-revelation(揭示)machine has been equipped in 98 percent of American homes．It is called television．Television passes information to all viewers allke，whether they are children or adults．Unable to resist the temptation(诱惑)，many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging，more attractive moving pictures．
Communication through print，as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information which children will gain．Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials．
According to the author, feeling depressed is．

A．a sure sign of a mental problem in a child

B．a mental state present in all humans, including children

C．something that cannot be avoided in children’s mental development

D．something hardly to be expected in a young child

Traditionally, a child is supposed to learn about the adult world．

A．through connection with society

B．gradually and under guidance

C．naturally without being taught

D．through watching television

According to the author’that today’s children seem adultlike results from．

A．the widespread influence of television

B．the poor arrangement of teaching content

C．the fast pace of human scientific development

D．the rising standard of living

What does the anthor think of communication through print for children?

A．It enables children to gain more social information．

B．It develops children’s interest in reading and writing．

C．It helps chlldren to read and write well

D．It can control what children are to learn．

What does the author think of the change in today’s children?

A．He feels their adultlike behavior is so funny．

B．He thinks the change worthy of note．

C．He considers it a rapid development．

D．He seems to be upset about it．

Among the four skills in learning English，which one of these is the “odd-man-out”? The answer is speaking．The other three you can do alone on your own．But you can’t really speak alone! Speaking to yourself can be “dangerous” because men in white coats may come and take you away!
Where can you find people to speak English? And how can you practise speaking when you are alone?
At school If you pay to go to a language school, you should use the opportunity to speak．If your teacher asks you to speak in pairs or groups with other students, try to say as much as possible．Don’t worry about your mistakes．Just speak!
Conversation Clubs Many cities around the world have conversation clubs where people can exchange one language for another．Look in your local newspaper to find a conversation club near you．They are usually free although some may charge a small entrance fee．
Shopping Even if you don’t want to buy anything，you can ask questions about products that interest you in a shop．“How much does this cost?” ‘‘Can I pay by cheque?” Often you can start a real conversation-and it costs you nothing!
Café and Bars There are often American，Britain，Irish and Australlan bars in many large cities．If you can find one，you’ll probably meet many people speaking English as a first or second language．
Language ia all aroundyou Everywhere you go，you find language．Shop names，street names，advertisements，notices，and car numbers—When you walk down the street，practise reading the words and numbers that you see．Say them to yourself. It’s not exactly a conversation, but it will help you to“think” in English．But don’t speak too loud!
Songs and Video Repeat the words of an English—language song singing with the music until it becomes automatic．It’s good practice for your memory and for the mouth muscles that you need for English．
Above all, speak as much as possible! Make as many mistakes as possible! When you know that you have made a mistake，you know that you have made progress!
What does “odd-man-out” probably mean according to the passage?

A．Someone or something appearing different from the others．

B．Someone or something standing out of the group．

C．Someone or something arranged in pairs．

D．Someone or something that can be easily mistaken for another．

What might happen if you speak to yourself loudly in public?

A．The police will take you away and punish you．

B．The doctors will force you to stay in hospital．

C．You will have to pay to escape being punished．

D．You will be forbidden to be member of the club．

In which places can you learn English NOT free of charge?

A．At school, in conversation clubs and café and bars．

B．At school, in shops and café bars．

C．In conversation clubs，shops，songs and video．

D．In conversation clubs and in the streets．

Why does the writer say “Make as many mistakes as possible”? Because．

A．everyone will make mistakes in learning English

B．everyone will meet people speaking English with some mistakes

C．making mistakes is a must in making progress in learning English

D．making mistakes can make one realize the importance of speaking

According to the passage，which way is NOT likely to be accepted by English beginners?

A．Recite poems loudly along the riverside．

B．Listen to some English fashion songs and video．

C．Find an Englishman to speak English with．

D．In class, try to practise in groups or pairs．

One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England，an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. “This boy has lost his family，” he wrote. “He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, and I'm very worried about him. Can you help？”
I looked at David and showed him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn't have the answer to, and which no words can describe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically.
The first two times we met, David didn't say a word. He sat there, only looking up to look at the children's drawings on the wall behind me. I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon—in complete silence and without looking at me. It's not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.
Usually, he arrived earlier than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me?
“Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with，” I thought. “Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.” Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly.
“It's your turn,” he said.
After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times, about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life.
Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one—without any words—can reach out to another person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens.
When he first met the author, David ________．

A．felt a little excited	B．walked energetically
C．looked a little nervous	D．showed up with his teacher

As a psychologist, the author ________．

A．was ready to listen to David

B．was skeptical about psychology

C．was able to describe David's problem

D．was sure of handling David's problem

David enjoyed being with the author because he________．

A．wanted to ask the author for advice

B．needed to share sorrow with the author

C．liked the children's drawings in the office

D．beat the author many times in the chess game

What can be inferred about David_______?

A．He recovered after months of treatment.

B．He liked biking before he lost his family.

C．He went into university soon after starting to talk.

D．He got friends in school before he met the author.

Teaching is more than leadership. Some of the teacher’s time and effort is directed toward instruction, some toward evaluation. But it is the teacher as a group leader who creates an effective organizational structure (结构) and good working environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place. A group that is totally disorganized, unclear about its goals, or constantly fighting among its members will not be a good learning group. The leadership pattern includes helping to form and maintain a positive learning environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place.
On the first day of class, the teacher faces a room filled with individuals (个体). Perhaps a few closely united groups and friendships already exist. But there is no sense of group unity, no set of rules for conduct in the group, no feeling of belonging. If teachers are successful leaders, they will help students develop a system of relationships that encourages working together.
Standards and rules must be set to keep order, make sure of justice and protect individual rights, but do not contradict school policy. What happens when one student hurts another’s individual rights? Without clear regulations agreeable to the students and teachers, the classroom can become chaotic. Students may break rules they did not know existed. If standards are set without participation from the class, students may spend a great deal of creative energy in destroying the class environment or finding ways to break rules.
No matter how skillful the teacher is in uniting students and creating a positive atmosphere, the task is never complete. Regular maintenance is necessary. Conflicts arise. The needs of individual members change. A new kind of learning task requires a new organizational structure. Sometimes outside pressures such as holidays, upcoming tests or sport competitions, or family troubles cause stress in the classroom. One task for the teacher is to recreate a positive environment by helping students deal with conflict, change, and stress.
The underlined word “maintain” in Para.1 probably means_______.

A．conserve

B．build

C．recreate

D．evaluate

According to the author, the teacher should _______.

A．free students from outside pressures

B．set the standards and rules on his own

C．be responsible for a well-organized class

D．focus more on instruction and evaluation

From the passage we can learn that ______.

A．rules cannot be changed once they’re formed

B．outside pressures may not cause tension among students

C．if the teacher well unites his students, he then will finish his task

D．if rules are not acceptable both to students and teachers, the classroom can be a mess

What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage?

A．To provide information for teaching.

B．To show the importance of teaching a class.

C．To study the teacher’s behavior in the classroom.

D．To compare the teacher’s behavior with the students’ in class.

Once I invited a group of friends round to my house, telling them that I was going to record their speech. I said I was interested in their regional accents, and that it would take only a few minutes. Thus, on one evening, three people turned up at my house and were shown into my front room. When they saw the room they were a bit alarmed, for it was laid out as a studio. In front of each easy chair there was a microphone at head height, with wires leading to a tape-recorder in the middle of the floor. I explained that all I wanted was for them to count from one to twenty. Then we could relax and have a drink.
I turned on the tape-recorder and each in turn seriously counted from one to twenty in their best accent. When it was over, I turned the tape-recorder off and brought round the drinks, and for the rest of the evening there was general cheerful conversation—interrupted only by the fact that I had to take a telephone call in another room, which unfortunately lasted some time.
Or at least that was how it would appear. For, of course, the microphones were not connected to the tape-recorder in the middle of the room at all but to another one, which was turning happily away in the kitchen. The participants, having seen the visible tape-recorder turned off, paid no more attention to the microphones which stayed in front of their chairs, only a few inches from their mouths, thus giving excellent sound quality. And my lengthy absence meant that I was able to obtain as natural a piece of conversation as it would be possible to find.
I should add, perhaps, that I did tell my friends what had happened to them, after the event was over, and gave them the choice of destroying the tape. None of them wanted to—though for some years afterwards it always seemed to be my round when it came to the buying of drinks. Linguistic research can be a very expensive business.
The writer asked his friends to count from one to twenty because _______.

A．he wanted to record the numbers for his research

B．he wanted to find out whether the tape recorder was working

C．he wanted to make his friends relax before real recording started

D．he wanted his friends to think that was all he wanted to record

The writer went into another room to ________.

A．get a natural recording of his friends’ conversation

B．stay away from too much drinking with his friends

C．bring a telephone into the front room

D．answer a long distance phone call

The writer turned off the tape-recorder because _______.

A．he had to answer a phone call

B．he wanted his friends to enjoy some drinks

C．he thought the tape-recorder might bother his friends

D．he wanted to make his friends believe he had finished the recording

Which one is true according to the passage?

A．The writer destroyed the tape.

B．The writer’s friends destroyed the tape.

C．The writer did tell his friends what had happened.

D．The writer’s friends like to drink.

A．nervousness	B．mind illnesses
C．strokes	D．high blood pressure