Whether we’re 2 years old or 62, our reasons for lying are mostly the same: to get out of trouble, for personal gain and to make ourselves look better in the eyes of others. But a growing body of research is raising questions about how a child’s lie is different from an adult’s lie, and how the way we deceive changes as we grow.
“Parents and teachers who catch their children lying should not be alarmed. Their children are not going to turn out to be abnormal liars,” says Dr. Lee, a professor at the University of Toronto and director of the Institute of Child Study. He has spent the last 15 years studying how lying changes as kids get older, why some people lie more than others as well as which factors can reduce lying. The fact that children tell lies is a sign that they have reached a new developmental stage. Dr. Lee conducted a series of studies in which they bring children into a lab with hidden cameras. Children and young adults aged 2 to 17 are likely to lie while being told not to look at a toy, which is put behind the child’s back. Whether or not the child takes a secret look is caught on tape.
For young kids, the desire to cheat is big and 90% take a secret look in these experiments. When the test-giver returns to the room, the child is asked if he or she looked secretly. At age 2, about a quarter of children will lie and say they didn’t. By 3, half of kids will lie, and by 4, that figure is 90%, studies show.
Researchers have found that it’s kids with better understanding abilities who lie more. That’s because to lie you also have to keep the truth in mind, which includes many brain processes, such as combining several sources of information and faking that information. The ability to lie — and lie successfully — is thought to be related to development of brain regions that allow so called “executive functioning”, or higher order thinking and reasoning abilities. Kids who perform better on tests that involve executive functioning also lie more.What’s the purpose of children telling lies?
| A．To help their friends out. |
| B．To get rid of trouble. |
| C．To get attention from others. |
| D．To create a popular image. |
The underlined word “deceive” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “ ”.
| A．tell lies | B．handle troubles |
| C．raise questions | D．do research |
From the second paragraph we can know that .
| A．which factors can reduce lying |
| B．why some lie more than others |
| C．it is normal for kids to tell lies |
| D．how lying changes as kids grow |
It can be inferred from the passage that .
| A．children’s lies are the same as adults’ |
| B．the better kids are, the more they lie |
| C．the older kids are, the more they lie |
| D．kids always keep the truth in their mind |
What is NOT included in the passage?
| A．The reasons why kids tell lies. |
| B．Which kind of kids tells more lies. |
| C．Experiments about lying of young kids. |
| D．What to do with lying children. |
Even a child knows that nodding(点头) the head means “Yes”. But some people will probably be puzzled when they first come to India. When they talk to an Indian, he often shakes his head. They might think that the Indian does not like what he said, but on the contrary he is expressing agreement.
The Indians have a habit of shaking their heads slightly when they talk to somebody. It doesn’t mean “No”, but “Yes”.If a person doesn’t know this, it might cause misunderstanding.
At one time a foreigner in India told his driver who was an Indian to take him to his office. The driver shook his head. The foreigner repeated his request and the driver shook his head again. At last, the foreigner shouted angrily, “Drive me to my office at once!” The driver said in a low voice, “Yes, sir,” smiling and shaking his head again at the same time.
68. Generally speaking, nodding the head means _______, and shaking the head means _______.
A. Yes, No B. No, Yes C. Yes, Yes D. No, No
69. According to the habit of India, if someone agrees with you, he will _______.
A. nod his head
B. shake his head
C. neither nods his head nor shakes his head
D. either nod his head or shake his head
70. Why did the Indian driver shake his head when the foreigner asked him to drive him to his office? Because _______.
A. the Indian driver has something important to do
B. the foreigner promised to give him only a little money
C. The driver felt uncomfortable at that time
D. In India shaking the head means agreement
71. Why did the foreigner become angry? Because _______.
A. the Indian driver didn’t want to send him to his office
B. the Indian driver asked him for a lot of money
C. He misunderstood the meaning of shaking the head in India
D. he asked the driver to send him to his office, but the driver didn’t say any words
Do you ever find yourself longing for (渴望) some time for yourself? Many of us are so busy with work and school and there is little time left to do something that we enjoy. What follows are some ways to find to slow down and enjoy life.
1. Evenings with Yourself. Try to save certain weeknights just for you. If others ask you to do something else, just tell them your plans. Use the time for gardening, reading or doing exercise.
2. Monthly Treat. Schedule a treat for yourself once a month. Maybe you can go to see a movie, have a haircut, play golf or whatever treat you’re always thinking about but rarely get to.
3. Buy Tickets in Advance. Sports, theater, concerts or any other event you would enjoy. Schedule the plans with a friend later. Having the tickets already in hand will force you to make it happen!
4. Join a Group. Here are some ideas of groups that can allow you some time away from work and study: singing group, book club, biking/walking/running/etc clubs, ski club, etc. What are you interested in? Look up a club in your area today and join! If you can’t find a club, consider starting one by yourself!
5. Exercise. For busy people it can be difficult to make time for this. All you have to do is decide today and then make it a reality tomorrow. A new habit is started with just one step. Take that first step tomorrow. Walk for 20 minutes in the morning. Then build on that success daily.
64. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Do more Exercise B. How to Keep Fit
C. Find Time for Yourself D. Spend Time with Your Friends
65. What are the main reasons why people have almost no time for relaxation?
A. Because people are eager to achieve success in life.
B. Because people are busy with their jobs and study.
C. Because people find it difficult to make their dreams come true.
D. Because people are too tired of life.
66. According to the passage, which of the following can NOT help you relax?
A. Do some exercise regularly, at least start to do some exercise.
B. Take part in some groups or build up a circle of your own.
C. Schedule certain evenings for yourself and enjoy them.
D. Stay late at your office and spend evenings with your colleagues.
67. According to the author, what is the most important step for an extremely busy man to do some exercise?
A. Buying some sports equipment. B. Just doing it first.
C. Making a long-term plan. D. Joining a health club.
The Internet has become part of teenage life．There’s report on 3375 students aged from 10 to 18 in seven Chinese cities．It says that 38 percent of them believe they use the Internet often．While most of them get useful information and use the Internet to help in their studies, some are not using it in a good way．Many are playing online games too much．A few even visit Web sites they should not look at．Bad things can happen if young people spend too much time on the Internet．
In order to help young people use the Internet in a good way, a textbook on good Internet behavior has started to be used in some Shanghai middle schools this term．It uses real examples to teach students all about good ways of using the Internet．It gives useful advice such as its good to read news or find helpful information to study．Some students also make online friends．But if you are meeting a friend offline, let your parents know．
Teachers and parents all think the book is a very good idea．It will teach students how to be a good person in the online world．It will be a guide for teens to use the Internet and keep students away from bad sites．
60．The underlined word“it”means．
A．the book B．report C．the Internet D．useful information
61．From the report，about students between 10～18 years old in the seven cities use the Internet often．
A．3 375 B．1 280 C．2 100 D．3 000
62．What do most of the students do on the Internet?
A．To make online friends．
B．To play online games．
C．To get useful information to help in their studies．
D．To visit Web sites they should not look at．
63．Why do teachers and parents think the book is a good idea?
A．Because it helps with the students’ studies．
B．Because it gives useful information for studying．
C．Because it is used in Shanghai middle schools．
D．Because it teaches students how to be a good person in the online world．
A good way to pass an exam is to work hard every day in a year．You may fail in an exam if you are lazy for most of the year and then work hard only a few days before the exam．If you want to be good at English, you have to read stories in English and speak English as much as possible．A few days before the exam you should go to bed early．Do not go to bed late at night studying. Before you start the exam, read carefully over the question papers.Try to understand the exact meaning of each question．When you have finished your exam, read over your answers．Correct the mistakes if there are any and be sure that you have not missed anything out.
56．If people want to do well in an exam．they have to work hard．
A．every day in a year． B．for most of the month
C．for only a few days D．late at night
57．If people want to learn English well, they .
A．only need to learn grammar B．must often practise English
C．have to go to England D．should go to bed early
58．It’s important to a few days before the exam．
A．play too much B．have a good sleep
C．read the question papers D．have a good drink
59．The best title for the passage is
A．An Important Exam B．An Easy Exam
C．Get Ready for an Exam D．How to Pass an Exam
Taiwan police cannot decide whether to treat it as an extremely clever act of stealing or an even cleverer cheat（诈骗）.Either way, it could be a perfect crime（犯罪）, because the criminals are birds----homing pigeons.
The crime begins with a telephone message to the owner of a stolen car: if you want the car back, pay some money. Then, the car owner is directed to a park, told where to find a bird cage and how to attach money to the neck of the pigeon inside. Carrying the money in a tiny bag, the pigeon flies off.
There have been at least four such pigeon pick-ups in Changwa. What at first seemed like the work of a clever stay-at-home car thief, however, may in fact be the work of an even lazier and more inventive criminal mind---- one that avoids（避免） not only collecting money but going out to steal the car in the first place. Police officer Chen says that the criminal probably has pulled a double trick: he gets money for things he cannot possibly return. Instead of stealing cars, he lets someone else do it and then waits for the car owner to place an ad in the newspaper asking for help.
The theory is supportd by the fact that, so far,none of the stolen cars have been returned. Also, the amount of money demanded----under 3,000 Taiwanese dollars-----seems too little for a car worth many times more.
Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal. “We have more important things to do,”he said.
( 66.After the car owner received a phone call, he ___________.
went to a certain pigeon and put some money in the bag it carried
gave the money to the thief and had his car back in a park
sent some money to the thief by mail
told the press about it
( )67. The “lazier and more inventive”criminal refers to ________.
the car thief who stays at home B.one of those who put the ads in the paper
one of the policemen in Changwa D. the owner of the pigeons
( )68.The writer mentions the fact that “none of the stolen cars have been returned” to show ____________.
how easily people get fooled by criminals B.what Chen thinks might be correct.
C. the thief is extremely clever. D.the money paid is too little.
( )69. The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to ________.
A.criminals B. pigeons C. the stolen cars D.demands for money
( )70. We may infer from the text that the criminal knows how to reach the car owners because ____________.
he reads the ads in the newspaper
he lives in the same neighborhood
he has seen the car owners in the park
D.he has trained the pigeons to follow them