Science, as we think, was born when the Greek philosopher ( 哲学家 ) Thales ( about 640-546 B.C.) asked a difficult question: What makes up our universe?
No one had a ready answer, so Thales went on studying the earth around him, the sky and the stars. He saw so much water on earth and so much water falling from the sky as rain that he decided water must be the basic substance ( 物质 ) of the universe.
Other Greek thinkers became interested in this question. They suggested other answers. One said that because air lies around the earth, it must be air that makes up all things. Another said that fire, appearing in different forms, was the building block of the universe.
The Greek philosophers were feeling their way towards the ideas on which chemistry is based. Centuries later, scientists proved that the universe is made up of certain basic substances. But the list is much more complicated than the Greeks realized. We now know of 103 basic substances which we call “ elements ( 元素 )”.Thales, the famous Greek philosopher, died when he was about _______________.
| A．94 years old | B．106years old |
| C．40 years old | D．46 years old |
The meaning of the underlined word “complicated” in the last paragraph is “ ____________”.
| A．not difficult | B．not simple | C．not famous | D．not different |
After reading the passage, we can be sure that________________.
| A．nothing ever changes in the universe |
| B．Thales decided that the basic substance of the universe was air |
| C．the universe is made up of four different substances |
| D．the early Greek thinkers did much valuable work for the progress of science |
People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking. They try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a problem.
First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam’s bicycle is broken, and he cannot read it to class as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.
Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must find out the reason why it does not work. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific.
Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. For instance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully.
After studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.
Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.
Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. In short , he has solved the problem.
36.What is the best title for this passage?
A. Six Stages for Repairing Sam’s Bicycle B. Possible Ways to Problem-solving
C. Necessities of Problem Analysis D. Suggestions for Analyzing a Problem
37. In analyzing a problem we should do all the following except .
A. recognize and define the problem B. look for information to make the problem clearer
C. have suggestions for a possible solution
D. find a solution by trial or mistake
38. By referring to Sam’s broken bicycle, the author intends to _________.
A. illustrate the ways to repair his bicycle
B. discuss the problems of his bicycle
C. tell us how to solve a problem
D. show us how to analyze a problem
39. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. People do not analyze the problem they meet.
B. People often accept the opinions or ideas of other people.
C. People may learn from their past experience.
D. People can not solve some problems they meet.
40. As used in the last sentence, the phrase “in short” means _________.
A. in the long run B. in detail C. in a word D. in the end
TAIBEI －Increasing numbers of Taiwanese students are joining the island’s “China rush”, seeking education on the Chinese mainland．
According to official Chinese figures, the number of Taiwanese students admitted into college and postgraduate（研究生）programs on the mainland totaled 461 in 1996, 928 in 1997 and 839 in 1998．Although no latest official numbers were available,” Netbig. Com Said this number had risen between 30 to 50 percent annually in the past two years with well over 1000 entering mainland campuses last year.
The Internet site, based in the Chinese city of Shenzhen, provides education service and information on Chinese mainland college and universities. “Many Taiwanese believe a Chinese education giving more knowledge about the people and culture in the mainland will increase their chances in the Chinese job market, Net. Com vice-president Ingrid Huang said．“I believe it will give me hands-on experience in the business field in the Chinese mainland and a better understanding of the Chinese mainland people,” said Lydia Chang, a 19-year-old majoring in journalism at Shih Shin University. Chang plans to go on to get a master’s degree in business administration in Shanghai, which she says offers the best environment for such studies.
A journalism graduate student, surnamed Lin, at the National Taiwan University said he would like to study law on the Chinese mainland since “there will be better career prospects now that more Taiwanese companies are going there”. “They hope the children could build up connections which could later become useful in their business operations,” said Yang Ching-yao, professor of the Chinese mainland studies. A Netbig. Com survey showed the campuses favored by Taiwan students included Beijing, Qinghua and Renmin universities in Beijing, and Jinan and Zhongshan universities in Guangzhou. The most popular studies were law, business and Chinese medicine.
At present, Chinese Taibei doesn’t recognize diplomas earned in the Chinese mainland nor help with any inquiries about studying there. But recognizing the trend, education authorities are giving a final form to a policy accepting certificates（证书）from selected universities.
31.ore Taiwanese students study on the Chinese mainland because ___________.
A．Taiwan will reunite with the mainland sooner or later
B．the fees asked for are lower than those of Taiwan
C．what they have learned on the mainland will bring them a bright future
D．there are many famous universities for them to choose
32．Some business executives were sending their children to study in the Chinese mainland so that their children ___________.
A．could receive better education B．could learn more about the policy there
C．could do well in the business operations D．could make more friends there
33．The underlined word “it” in the third paragraph refers to __________.
A．Netbig. Com B．a Chinese education on the mainland
C．the Chinese job market D．the university
34．The author wrote the article to tell us ______________.
A．more Taiwanese students are studying on the mainland
B．the number of Taiwanese students going to universities on the mainland had been increasing year after year
C．education on the mainland is more attractive compared with that of Taiwan
D．Taiwan and the mainland should cooperate with each other in every field.
35．Which is true according to the passage?
A．Chinese Taibei recognizes diplomas earned on the Chinese mainland
B．The number of Taiwanese students going to study on the mainland will surely be increasing in the next few years.
C．Chinese Taibei doesn’t help with any inquiries about Taiwanese studying in the mainland
D．Education of Taiwan is far behind the mainland.
Ⅱ阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that“ reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.
Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity. It can be seen and observed.
Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.
If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable ,what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest（探索）for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children. ”
When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of leaning to read by reading.
26.he problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that _______________.
A. it is one of the most difficult school courses
B. students spend endless hours in reading
C. reading tasks are assigned with little guidance
D. too much time is spent in teaching about reading
27.he teaching of reading will be successful if _______________.
A. teachers can improve conditions at school for the students
B. teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading
C. teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading
D. teachers can make their teaching activities observable
28．The underlined word“ scrutiny” most probably means“______________”.
A. inquiry B. observation
C. control D. suspicion
29．According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ______________.
A. children become highly motivated
B. teacher and learner roles are interchangeable
C. teaching helps children in the search for knowledge
D. reading enriches children’s experience
30．The main idea of the passage is that ______________.
A. teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read
B. teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible
C. reading ability is something acquired rather than taught
D. reading is more complicated that generally believed
A friend of mine named Paul received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present．On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office, a street urchin （顽童） was walking around the shining car．“Is this your car, Paul?” he asked．
Paul answered, “Yes, my brother gave it to me for Christmas．” The boy was surprised．“You mean your brother gave it to you and it cost you nothing? Boy, I wish…” He hesitated．
Of course Paul knew what he was going to wish for．He wished he had a brother like that．But what the boy said surprised Paul greatly．
“I wish,” the boy went on, “that I could be a brother like that．” Paul looked at the boy in surprise, and then he said again, “Would you like to take a ride in my car?”
“Oh yes, I’d love that．”
After a short ride, the boy turned and with his eyes shining, said, “Paul, would you mind driving in front of my house?”
Paul smiled a little．He thought he knew what the boy wanted．He wanted to show his neighbors that he could ride home in a big car．But Paul was wrong again．“Will you stop where those two steps are?” the boy asked．
He ran up to the steps．Then in a short while Paul heard him coming back, but he was not coming fast．He was carrying his little crippled （残疾） brother．He sat him down on the step and pointed to the car．
“There she is, Buddy, just like I told you upstairs．His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn’t cost him a cent．And some day I’m going to give you one just like it… Then you can see for yourself all the nice things in the Christmas window that I’ve been trying to tell you about．”
Paul got out and lifted the boy to the front seat of his car．The shining-eyed older brother climbed in and the three of them began an unforgettable holiday ride．The street urchin was very surprised when __________．
| A．he saw the shining car |
| B．Paul told him about the car |
| C．he was walking around the car |
| D．Paul received an expensive car |
From the story we know that the urchin __________．
| A．wished to give his brother a car |
| B．wished Paul’s brother to give him a car |
| C．wished Paul could be a brother like that |
| D．wished he could have a brother like Paul’s |
The urchin asked Paul to stop his car in front of his house ______．
| A．to show he had a rich friend |
| B．to show his neighbors the car |
| C．to let his brother ride in the car |
| D．to tell his brother about his wish |
We can infer from the story that __________．
| A．Paul couldn’t understand the urchin |
| B．the urchin’s wish came true in the end |
| C．the urchin wished to have a rich brother |
| D．the urchin had a deep love for his brother |
The best title for the story probably is __________．
| A．A Christmas Present | B．A Street Urchin |
| C．A Brother Like That | D．An Unforgettable Ride |
Doctors have known for a long time that extremely loud noises can cause hearing damage or loss．The noise can be the sound of a jet airplane or machines in factories of loud music or other common sound at home and at work．A person only needs to hear the noise for little more than one second to be affected．
An American scientist has found that using aspirin （阿斯匹林） increase the temporary （暂时的）hearing loss or damage from loud noise．He did an experiment using a number of students at a university who all had normal hearing．He gave them different amounts of aspirin for different periods of time, then he tested their hearing ability．He found that students who were given four grams of aspirin a day for two days suffered much greater temporary hearing loss than those who did not use aspirin．The hearing loss was about two times as great．
The scientist said millions of persons in the U．S．use much larger amounts of aspirin than were used in his experiment．He said these persons face a serious danger of suffering hearing loss from loud noise．Doctors have long known that__________．
| A．one may lose his hearing when he hears a terribly loud noise． |
| B．one may become deaf when he hears a loud noise． |
| C．loud noises can cause damage to the hearing of the young people only |
| D．common sounds at home are not harmful to the ear |
This passage suggests that one’s hearing________．
| A．will be damaged even if he has heard a loud noise for only little more than one second |
| B．will be damaged even if he has heard a loud noise less than one second |
| C．will not be damaged if he has heard a loud noise for only little more than one second |
| D．will not be damaged if he has little more than one second to get ready |
One conclusion you can draw from the passage is that aspirin________．
| A．makes hearing damage from loud noise worse |
| B．should never be taken more than four grams |
| C．can damage one’s hearing when it is given more than four grams daily |
| D．always increases hearing loss by two times |
Millions of Americans are in danger of suffering hearing loss because they__________．
| A．take too much aspirin |
| B．often take air trips |
| C．like listening to loud music |
| D．have too much loud noises at home and at work |
The American scientist did his experiment in order to find ________．
| A．how much aspirin would affect a person’s hearing |
| B．how much aspirin should be given in the treatment of the patients with hearing damage from loud noise |
| C．whether aspirin would increase the temporary hearing damage from loud noises |
| D．whether the people who had hearing damage should use aspirin |