B
Play is the basic business of childhood, and more and more in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being．From earliest infancy （婴儿）, every child needs opportunity and the right material for play, and the main tools of play are toys．The main function of toys is to suggest, encourage and assist play．To succeed in this, they must be good toys, which children will play with often, and will come back to again and again．Therefore, it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child’s development.
In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities, is largely determined in the first three years of his life．So a baby’s ability to benefit from the right play materials should not be underestimated．A baby who is encouraged, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully．
The next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds．Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child, for trying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular ability. Bricks and jigsaws and construction toys; painting, scribbling and making things; sand and water play; toys for imaginative and pretending play; the first social games for learning to play and get on with others．
By the third stage of play development—from five to seven or eight years old— the child is at school．But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning, at home or at school．It is easier to see which type of toys the child most enjoys．
Until the age of seven or eight, play and work mean much the same to a child．But once reading has been mastered, then books and school become the main source of learning．Toys are still interesting and valuable, which lead up to new hobbies, but their significance has changed —to a child of nine or ten years old, toys and games mean, as to adults, relaxation and fun.60. The writer wants us to understand that a child_______.
| A．cannot grow up without toys | B．matures through play |
| C．uses toys as friends | D．has to be taught how to play |
61. According to the passage, the abilities a child has inherited from his parents ________.
| A．determine his character |
| B．will not change after the age of three |
| C．partly determine the standard he is likely to reach |
| D．to a large extent determine the choice of toys |
62. The passage tells us that children are the most curious when they are about______.
| A．two years old | B．one year old |
| C．six years old | D．four years old |
63. The article is about_______.
| A．the importance of play | B．the importance of books |
| C．the relationship between play and work | D．children’s speech development |
The church seems cold this morning, even after all the people, friends and family, fill the benches. I sit here in silence, in shock and denial. This was not supposed to happen. What about our dreams, or our plans? We were going to raise our children, travel the world, and grow old together. I’m only 37, a typical housewife. I don’t know if I can do all this alone—two children, no father. What do I do or say?
The faces of so many people confuse me as they come to pay their last respects. Some have real sorrow; I can see it in their eyes. The others seem to just say, “I told you so.” Those famous last words: I-told-you-so. How I can’t stand them. And the pointing fingers as so-called family and so-called friends pick me out of the crowd for others to see. I want to scream and wake up but I can’t do anything but sit there. How can they be so blind? I fell in love with a man. Love knows no boundaries .
He was a good man, hardworking, caring and kind. He was retired from the Navy and a gentleman. He was sensitive to others’ needs, the kind of man that knew what to do or say, how to humor any situation and calm everyone’s fears. I remember our first child was a big surprise to both of us. I remember when I told him the news. He fell off his chair, saying over and over in disbelief, “But I’m almost sixty.” After a few months he started planning our next and even doing his famous little dance whenever he discussed the idea.
A man, thirty years older than I, lies in a coffin. Flowers, the American flag and his VFW comrades surround him, paying tribute（颂词）to him as the man he really was. And I sit alone here, with our two children, in silence, praying that this cold morning at church is only a nightmare and I will awake to his loving arms again.
49. What can we know from the passage about the writer?
A. She married a man much older than she.
B. She is going to give birth to their second child.
C. She lost her husband, who was as old as she.
D. She lost her father, whom she loved deeply.
50. From Paragraph Two, we can see ______.
A. the writer didn’t really love the man
B. some of her family members didn’t understand her
C. some of her family members and friends were blind
D. she thought her marriage to the man was a mistake
51. Which of the following can best replace the underlined words “But I’m almost sixty”?
A. I can’t believe it.
B. That’s a lot of trouble.
C. That should have happened long ago.
D. It can’t be my child.
52. Which of the following can’t be used to describe the writer’s feelings for the man?
A. Sad. B. Loving. C. Inseparable D. Complaining.
Avi Sadeh, a Psychology Professor at Tel Aviv University, said recently: “In real life, the daily struggles between parents and children are around these narrow problems of an extra hour, extra TV show, and so on,” he added, “Too little sleep and more accidents”.
To investigate the effects on children of adding or reducing an hour of sleep, Sadeh changed the number of hours slept by 77 fourth and sixth graders for five days during a week when the children were healthy and there were no special social events or school activities.
Sadeh and his colleagues found an extra hour of sleep can make a big difference. The children who slept longer, although they woke up more frequently during the night, scored higher on tests, Sadeh reported in the March/April issue of journal Child Development.
“When the children slept longer, their sleep quality was somewhat weak, but in spite of this their performance for study improved because the extra sleep was more significant than the reduction in sleep quality. ”Sadeh said. “Some studies suggested that lack of sleep as a child affects development into adulthood and it's more likely to develop their attention disorder when they grow older.”
“Previous research has shown children in elementary school need at least nine hours of sleep a night on a regular basis”, said Carl Hunt, director of the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research in Bethesda, “and high-school-age children need somewhat less, adding the results of insufficient sleep could be serious.”
“A tired child is an accident waiting to happen,” Hunt said.“And as kids get older, toys get bigger and the risks higher.”Hunt also said too little sleep could result in learning and memory problems and long-term effects on school performance.
“This is an important extension of what we already know,” Hunt said of Sadeh’s research, “adding sleep is as important as nutrition and exercise to good health. To put it into reality, parents should make sure they know when their children actually are going to sleep and their rooms are conducive to sleeping instead of playing.”
53. What is Child Development?
A. A new story.B. A popular book.
C. A periodical magazine.D. A TV programme.
54. How many persons are exactly mentioned in the text?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
55. The underlined phrase "conducive to" ( in the last sentence) could be replaced by ______.
A. helping to produce B. influenced by
C. full of D. acceptable of
56. The following statements are right EXCEPT _______ according to the passage?
A. There are some daily struggles between parents and children because of having nothing in common with extra rest time.
B. The children who sleep longer are weak in their study.
C. Lack of sleep as a child has great effect on their development into adulthood.
D. In General, children in elementary school need at least nine hours of sleep a night.
第二部分阅读理解（第一节20小题，第二节5小题；每小题2分，满分50分）
第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
CAREER OPPORTUNITES
Full Time Secretary Position Available: Applicants should have at least 2 years’ experience and be able to type 60 words a minute. No computer skills required. Apply in person at United Business Ltd, 17 Browning Street, Leeds.
Part-time Job: We require three part-time shop assistants to work during the evening. No experience required, applicants should be between 18 and 26 years old. Call 0115-7656431 for more information.
Computer Trained Secretaries: Do you have experience working with computers? If you want to know more about us, call 0457-896754.
Teaching Assistants Needed: Hania’s Playschool needs 2 young teaching assistants to help with classes from 9 to 3 pm. Applicants should have references. For more information please visit www. Haniaplayschool.co.uk.
Weekend Work Available: We are looking for retired adults who would like to work part time on weekends for Rubberlast Group Ltd. Duties include answering the telephone and giving customers’ information. For more information call us at 0113-6741326.
University Positions Open: The University of Bristol is looking for 4 teaching assistants to help with homework correction. Applicants should have a degree in one of the following: Political Science, English, Economics or History. Please call the University of Bristol for more information.
Home Delivery Representative: We are looking for someone who has excellent customer care, communication skills, a sales background with at least one year’s experience and is a good team player with creative ideas. In return we offer a starting salary of $20,000 and 25 days paid holiday per year. For more information please call Direct Delivery Team of Yorkshire Post on 0113-2388318.
41．Which position is the most suitable for a retired person ?
A. Part-time Shop Assistant.
B. Teaching Assistant in Hania’s Playschool.
C. Weekend Work in Rubberlast Group Ltd.
D. Teaching Assistant in the University of Bristol.
42. If you have good computer skills and recently have graduated from university (English degree), which jobs can you apply for?
A. Job 1, 2 and 7 B. Job 3, 4 and 6
C. Job 4, 6 and 7 D. Job 2, 3 and 5
43. Which is the only position that has a formal educational requirement?
A. Full Time Secretary at United Business Ltd.
B. Home Delivery Representative for Yorkshire Post.
C. Teaching Assistant at Hania’s Playschool.
D. University Positions at the University of Bristol.
44. How can you get more information if you are interested in the position of a full-time computer trained secretary?
A. By telephone B. By letter C. By Internet D. In person
Chemicals used for industrial processes often create dangerous forms of waste. The amount of these chemicals has risen heavily in the past few years, as more areas of the world industrialize and new products are produced. Over 80,000 different chemicals are used in industries world wide. Around the world hundreds of millions of tons of harmful waste are produced each year. Often, it is difficult and expensive to get rid of these chemicals or to store them in a way that does not endanger human life and the environment.
Every year, major health problems result from harmful waste. Sadly, it is often when someone has died or, become seriously ill that governments will take action and reduce levels of dumped harmful waste. In 1989, a school in New Jersey had to be closed because students there had suffered too much exposure to chromium. It was later learned that large amounts of chromium had been dumped nearby and blown over to the school area.
Research has been done to provide information on the effects of every chemical. Because waste chemicals often mix together, it will also be necessary to learn how the combinations of these chemicals affect human health.
Some governments have realized how serious the problem is and are making laws to get rid of harmful waste. They are also trying to limit the amount of waste industries are allowed to produce.
Not only governments but the public as well must form part of the solution. They can choose not to buy those products which require the production of harmful waste, attempt to affect policymakers, and produce less harmful waste themselves. Many scientists think that waste production can be cut. The waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.
57．What is mainly discussed in the text?
A The effect of every chemical.
B．Problems of harmful waste.
C．Chemicals used for industrial processes.
D．Events related to waste chemicals.
58．From the text we know that ______.
A．chromium can poison people when there is a wind
B．chromium pollution makes the local government close the school
C．Some governments don’t realize how serious the problems are until people suffer a lot from harmful waste
D．about two-thirds of the waste can pollute the environment
59．Which of the following least matches the solution the writer refers to?
A．Chemicals used for industrial processes should be banned.
B．People can make use of the existing technologies and methods to reduce the waste
C．Policymakers make laws to limit the production of harmful waste.
D．People choose not to buy products which may produce harmful waste.
60．The writer of the text thinks that ______.
A．governments should have forbidden the production of waste chemicals
B．mixed waste chemicals can always be stored without endangering people
C．industries must not produce waste chemicals which harm people so much
D．everyone can do something to help solve the problem of waste chemicals
A lot of management training is given each year for Circle K corporation, a national chain of convenience stores. Among the topics we address in our course is the retention(保护力) of quality employees－a real challenge to managers when you consider the pay scale(标准) in the service industry. During these discussions, I ask the participants, “What has caused you to stay long enough to become a manager?” Some time later, a new manager took the question and slowly, with her voice almost breaking, said, “It was a $ 19 baseball glove.”
Cynthia told the group that she originally took a Circle K clerk job as an temporary position while she looked for something better. On her second or third day behind the counter, she received a phone call from her nine-year-old son, Jessie. He needed a baseball glove for Little League. She explained that as a single mother, money was very tight, and her first check would have to go for paying bills. Perhaps she could buy his baseball glove with her second or third check. When Cynthia arrived for work the next morning, Patricia, the store manager, asked her to come to the small room in the back of the store that served as an office. Cynthia wondered if she had done something wrong or left some part of her job incomplete from the day before. She was worried and confused.
Patricia handed her a box. “I overheard you talking to your son yesterday,” she said, “and I know that it is hard to explain things to kids. This is a baseball glove for Jessie because he may not understand how important he is, even though you have to pay bills before you can buy gloves. You know we can’t pay good people like you as much as we would like to; but we do care, and I want you to know you are important to us.”
The thoughtfulness, emphasis and love of this convenience store manager demonstrates vividly that people remember more how much an employer cares than how much the employer pays.
49. Among many of the problems in the service industry, talked about in this passage, is ______.
A. how to ensure his employees’ high pay
B. how to attract more customers
C. how to look carefully after the employees
D. how to keep the good employees from leaving
50. A new manager, Cynthia would do her job well in keeping quality employees because she ______.
A. had mastered all the courses for the manager.
B. had already formed good relationship with the employees
C. knew the way how to deal with her employees
D. had her own personal experience
51. This passage shows us that to run a business well it is necessary for managers to let their employees know ______.
how much they can get for their job
B. what good positions they can get later
they are very important to the business
D. they are nice as well as useful
52. The story told in this passage tells us the employees care about ________.
A. only how large a pay they can get
B. love from the managing people rather than only money
C. if their children could be properly taken care of
D. what position they can be offered