A student walks into his first class and realizes he forgot all about the midterm exam. He knows he needs to bring his grades up, and getting a zero will make it nearly impossible. He quickly jots down some notes and shoves them under his lap hoping it will help him pass. Cheating is a major concern in all academic environments. Students are creating new and more outrageous(令人吃惊的) ways of cheating every day; some claim that certain accounts of cheating can be justified, but overall it can always be prevented.
Cheating has been around forever, and millions of ways to cheat have been fashioned. Copying homework and cheat sheets are some of the most basic ways students in all education levels have cheated. Some students think nothing about writing a few answers on their hand, in a gum wrapper, or boldly using a study guide to cheat. Desperate students have even gone as far as to steal the test or scan in bottle wrappers and put answers into the nutrition label. The internet has now become available in almost every location. Computers can be accessed at school, at home, and now even on cell phones. This opens a doorway for even more methods of cheating to be born.
There are countless opinions on whether or not cheating can be justified. The truth is this behavior will always be a matter of opinion with each scenario of cheating. Students often rationalize their cheating by claiming they forgot to look over the material or did not understand what the teacher or professor was saying. Some may counter these arguments by saying that the student could have set reminders or asked the teacher to explain the material before the day of the test. Some other reasons students believe cheating is justified are their heavy workloads and trying to find time for school, sports, friends, and family. This may be true in certain instances, however, all students have these problems, and it is unfair to the students refrain(制止) from cheating when the student who is dishonest receives a better grade. The majority of students who think cheating is acceptable may believe the reason for this is that sometimes students are unaware they are cheating, there is not enough time given for assignments, or that the information is too much for the course.
It may be difficult to accomplish, but cheating can be prevented. Teachers and professors have tried many options to stop cheating. These options can range anywhere from simply spreading test-takers out in a room, to expelling(驱逐) a student, which will most likely hindertheir plans of getting into another college. One simple way to fix the problem is to scold the student when caught. They may be so scared or embarrassed that they never do it again. This is a risky way to prevent cheating in some cases, however, because it can possibly damage self-esteem. Another simple way to avoid cheating is to create many different kinds of the same test. This prohibits students from getting the answers off of a neighbor's test, but students still have the option of using other cheating tactics.
There may be a million ways to cheat and get away with it, but there are few times, if any, that it is justified. Cheating never has to be a necessity and is never worth compromising morals and losing years worth of working towards a degree. This problem is spreading throughout America; with everyone's help, it can be stopped.Which is the best title of this passage?
| A．To cheat or not to cheat | B．Show your opinion on cheating |
| C．Debates on cheating | D．Different ways of cheating |
The second paragraph mainly tells us that ________.
| A．cheating through the Internet is the most basic way |
| B．students who cheat in exams are cleverer |
| C．millions of ways to cheat have been fashioned |
| D．students cheat in exams to score better grades |
The reason that is given by most students who think cheating is understandable is that ________.
| A．they don’t understand their teachers’ words |
| B．they bury themselves in a lot of homework |
| C．they don’t have enough time to complete the study tasks |
| D．they forget to look over the material |
What is the disadvantage of scolding the cheating students according to the passage?
| A．They may continue to cheat next time. |
| B．They may be hurt mentally. |
| C．They may use other cheating tactics. |
| D．They may get on badly with their teachers. |
What is the author’s attitude towards cheating?
| A．It is reasonable | B．It is necessary |
| C．it can be praised | D．It must be prevented |
I first met Annie Mae, a maid (女仆), at my parents-in-laws’ in 1959. She prepared and36 meals in her quiet, gentle way and then returned to the kitchen to read her Bible (《圣经》) while we 37 . She was a devoted Christian. I found this increasingly true 38 I came to know her more by observation than by conversation.
My husband and I 39 visited his parents. Each time I saw her eating 40 , reading her Bible, I wanted to sit down with her and just talk. 41 , whites didn’t do that with blacks then, and I had to42 the practice.
In 1965, I decided to 43 the furniture and return to my home state with my two 44 when my husband wanted a divorce (离婚).
Annie Mae asked if she could buy the boys’ 45 . When I answered 46 , she asked the price. Then, she asked if she could 47a little money each month. She was48 , and I knew her well.
Then each month, an envelope 49 us from Annie Mae with 2 or 3 dollars. A year passed. Annie Mae’s50 payment arrived along with the following note:
Dear Mrs. Holladay,
I am sending you my last payment of three dollars for the beds 51 . I told my two sons they could now put the beds 52 and sleep in them, for they are now paid for and rightfully53 us.Thank you for your 54 .
Annie Mae
I read the note two or three times, my eyes filled with tears. Had I only known earlier, I would have said, “Use them now. Don’t 55 until you pay for them.”
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Everybody is happy as his pay rises. Yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that a fellow worker has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he is known as being lazy, you might even be quite cross. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying belief that other animals would not be able to have this finely developed sense of sadness. But a study by Sarah Brosnan of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.
The researchers studied the behaviors of some kind of female brown monkeys. They look smart. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food happily. Above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.
Such characteristics make them perfect subjects for Doctor Brosnan’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens (奖券) for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different.
In the world of monkeys，grapes are excellent goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was not willing to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either shook her own token at the researcher, or refused to accept the cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other room (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to bring about dissatisfaction in a female monkey.
The researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. In the wild, they are co-operative and group-living. Such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of anger when unfairly treated, it seems, are not the nature of human beings alone. Refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
| A．Only monkeys and humans can have the sense of fairness in the world. |
| B．In the wild, monkeys are never unhappy to share their food with each other. |
| C．Women will show more dissatisfaction than men when unfairly treated. |
| D．Monkeys can exchange cucumbers for grapes, for grapes are more attractive. |
The underlined statement “it is all too monkey” means that ________.
| A．monkeys are also angry with lazy fellows |
| B．monkeys, like humans, tend to be envious of each other |
| C．no animals other than monkeys can develop such feelings |
| D．feeling angry at unfairness is also monkey’s nature |
Female monkeys of this kind are chosen for the research most probably because they are _________.
| A．more likely to pay attention to the value of what they get |
| B．attentive to researchers’ instructions |
| C．nice in both appearance and behaviors |
| D．more ready to help others than their male companions |
We can learn ________according to the passage?
| A．Human beings' feelings of anger are developed from the monkeys. |
| B．Cooperation between monkeys stays firm before the realization of being cheated. |
| C．In the research, male monkeys are less likely to exchange food with others. |
| D．Only monkeys and humans have the sense of fairness dating back to 35 million years ago. |
What can we infer about the monkeys in Sarah’s study?
| A．The monkeys can be trained to develop social senses. |
| B．The monkeys may show their satisfaction with equal treatment. |
| C．They usually show their feelings openly as humans do. |
| D．Cooperation among the monkeys remains effective in the wild. |
Most earthquakes occur within the upper 15 miles of the earth’s surface, but earthquakes can and do occur at all depths to about 460 miles. Their number decreases as the depth increases. At about 460 miles one earthquake occurs only every few years. Near the surface earthquakes may run as high as 100 in a month, but the yearly average does not vary much.
The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors. If you carefully build a toy house with an erect set (坚立架), it will still stand no matter how much you shake the table. But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. An earthquake in Agadir was not strong, but it completely destroyed the city. Many stronger earthquakes have done comparatively little damage. If a building is well constructed and built on solid ground, it will resist an earthquake. Most deaths in earthquakes have been due to faulty building construction or poor building sites. A third and very serious factor is panic. When people rush out into narrow streets, more deaths will result.
There is one type of earthquake disaster that little can be done about. This is the disaster caused by seismic (地震的) sea waves, or tsunamis (海啸). These are often called tidal waves, but the name is incorrect. They had nothing to do with tides. In certain areas, earthquakes take place beneath the sea. These submarine earthquakes sometimes give rise to seismic sea waves. The waves are not noticeable out at sea because of their long wave length. But when they roll into harbors, they pile up into walls of water 6 to 60 feet high. The Japanese call them “tsunamis” meaning “harbor waves”, because they reach a sizable (相当大的) height only in harbors.
Tsunamis travel fairly slowly, at speeds up to 500 miles an hour. An earthquake warning system is in use to warn all shores likely to be reached by the waves. But this only enables people to leave the threatened shores for higher ground: There is no way to stop the oncoming wave. Which of the following can NOT be concluded from the passage?
| A．The number of earthquakes is closely related to the depth. |
| B．Roughly the same number of earthquakes occur each year. |
| C．Earthquakes are impossible at depths over 460 miles. |
| D．Earthquakes are most likely to occur near the surface. |
The destruction of Agadir is an example of .
| A．faulty building construction |
| B．an earthquake’s strength |
| C．widespread panic in earthquakes |
| D．ineffective instruments |
According to the passage, the waves caused by submarine earthquakes are not noticeable out at sea because of .
| A．their high speed |
| B．the wide shores |
| C．their silent movements |
| D．their long wave length |
The significance of the slow speed of tsunamis is that people may .
| A．help reduce fear |
| B．find ways to stop them |
| C．be warned early enough |
| D．develop warning systems |
According to the passage, the number of factors that may determine the extent of the disaster in an earthquake is .
| A．two | B．five | C．four | D．three |
12-year-old John Thomas Robertson is a born train fan. "I’ve liked trains probably from the day I was born," he told Good Morning America. "When I was very little," he said, "my grandpa got me a train model. I would just watch it go round for hours and hours."
When Robertson finally had the opportunity to ride on a train, he felt great. His journey was so mind-blowing that he couldn’t keep it to himself: he decided to take all his classmates to go on a ride with him. When he found that some of his classmates couldn’t pay the fare, he collected cans (罐子) and bottles and raised more than $1,000 for them.
That trip was such a happy one that he made it a yearly action. "It never gets boring for some reason; it’s just fun," he said. "It really lets people get away from their busy life and have fun.
Every October, Robertson takes a new group of children to ride on the train —but now, he has a problem. Several disabled children were refused because the train was not accessible (可用的) to disabled people. "He was angry to think that children of his own age couldn’t ride a train," his mother said.
But he wouldn’t say no: he recently sent a letter to the train office for help. To his surprise, the leader, Ty Pennington, accepted the letter in person. He said that he and his workers would work on making a train accessible to disabled people. The first time John Thomas Robertson took a train, ________.
| A．he was frightened by it |
| B．he acted as a driver |
| C．he watched it for hours |
| D．he fell in love with it |
The author says John Thomas Robertson is a born train fan, because he ________.
| A．was greatly attracted to trains since early childhood |
| B．said so in Good Morning America |
| C．took a group of disabled children to travel by train |
| D．was taken to a train the day he was born |
The underlined words "mind-blowing" can be replaced by ________.
| A．important | B．terrible | C．amazing | D．disappointing |
The disabled children were refused to get on the train because _________.
| A．the trains then weren’t accessible to the disabled |
| B．Robertson had not saved enough money for the tickets |
| C．they couldn’t afford the train tickets |
| D．the driver would not allow them to do so |
According to the last paragraph, we can see that Robertson is a ________ child.
| A．helpful and crazy | B．kind and clever |
| C．kind but boring | D．lazy but kind |
There are many international organizations which work to save and protect endangered species and natural environment. If you would like more information about any of the organizations listed blow, you can write to the addresses given.
| Friends of the Earth (FOE) campaigns on a range of problems including rainforests, the countryside, water and air pollution and energy. Friends of the Earth International Secretariat P. O. Box 19199 1000 G. D. Amsterdam The Netherlands |
Greenpeace uses peaceful but direct action to defend the environment. It campaigns to protect rainforests and sea animals, stop global warming and end pollution of air, land and seas. It also opposes nuclear (核) power. Greenpeace International 1016 DW Amsterdam The Netherlands |
| BirdLife international is an organization which works to save endangered birds all over the world BirdLife International Wellbrook Court Girton Road Cambridge CB3 ONA England |
WWF-World Wide Fund For Nature is the world’s largest private international organization for the protection of nature and endangered species. Information Officer WWF International Avenue du Mont-Blanc 1196 Gland Switzerland |
If you want to learn more about the organizations, you can .
| A．call them | B．write them a letter |
| C．visit them | D．send them an e-mail |
Which problem will be paid close attention to by FOE?
| A．Overhunting ocean animals. |
| B．Killing endangered birds. |
| C．Heavy air pollution. |
| D．Global warming. |
If you oppose nuclear power, you can join .
| A．Friends of the Earth |
| B．World Wide Fund For Nature |
| C．BirdLife International |
| D．Greenpeace |
What can we learn about WWF?
| A．It helps to protect nature and save endangered animals. |
| B．It is the world’s largest international organization. |
| C．It works for private companies and rich people. |
| D．It is a private organization in the United States. |
Which is the best title for the passage?
| A．Endangered animals |
| B．Global traffic problems |
| C．Environmental protection organizations |
| D．Natural beauty |