Sometimes you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible. However, chances are that you don’t act on your impulse (冲动), but let it pass instead. You know that to take the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior.
Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change over the years, how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so upsetting that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.
One of the newest taboos is the topic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is a topic that people talk about constantly. It’s not taboo to talk about fat; it’s taboo to be fat. The “in” look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, slim manager to sell their image as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-discipline and self-respect. After all, how can people permit themselves to become fat? In an image-conscious society, thin is ‘‘in”, fat is “out”.
It’ s not surprising that millions of people have become obsessed (着迷) with staying slim and “in shape”. The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, the only reason for people’s obsession with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style of people has changed since last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, people’s bodies can easily become weak. In an effort to avoid such a fate , millions of people are spending more of their time exercising. Parks are filled with joggers and bicyclists, and many companies are providing special exercise equipment for their employees to use during the work day. What does the word “taboo’’ refer to in the passage?
| A.A crime committed on impulse. |
| B.An unfavorable impression left on other people. |
| C.A strong desire to do something strange or terrible. |
| D.Behavior considered unacceptable to the society. |
What does the underlined phrase “in” look probably mean?
| A.The fashionable look. | B.The hidden look. |
| C.The usual look. | D.The inside look. |
According to the passage, the common belief is that _________.
| A.fat people are full of energy | B.thin people are more successful |
| C.fat people prefer to have fat bosses | D.thin people are less image-conscious |
People pay more attention to diet and exercise because of _________.
| A.their need to kill time | B.their love for sports |
| C.their concern for health | D.their belief in hard work |
Finding something to do during the school holidays isn't always easy, but one mum has set up a new website to help families find activities and events in Norfolk.
Fiona Anthony of Bawburgh, near Norwich, was persuaded by her friends to set up the website, Info4Families, when they noticed she always knew what events were happening in the county(县).
"I am always looking for things to keep my children occupied and Norfolk has such a lot going on," she said.
Detail(细节)from Info4Families
"But I found it quite difficult to get information about events and activities for children and families, as there was no central information point and it would often involve collecting leaflets(传单) and checking notice boards at different places.
"So I decided to set up a website which would allow people to find things to do, without leaving home," she added.
Fiona was also concerned that some events she had booked had to be cancelled(取消) because not enough people wanted to go.
"It is a real shame that some parents can’t find the events and some event organisers don’t get the numbers they need. I want to help bring the two together," said Fiona.
The website gives details on regular, one-off and free events, and includes activities which children can do on their own or with the family.
Parents can look for activities by category(种类)and by age so that they can find events suitable for their children’s interests and needs. The site also links to local places of interest, such as libraries, museums and cinemas. Fiona Anthony set up the website __________.
| A.to tell people how to spend their holidays at home |
| B.to design some activities for event organizers |
| C.to help people choose activities and events they’re interested in |
| D.to make money by providing some useful information |
The underlined word “occupied” in the third paragraphs probably means “________”.
| A.busy | B.happy | C.free | D.tired |
From the website Info4Families, we can easily access to the following websites about Norfolk except ________.
| A.museums | B.schools | C.cinemas | D.libraries |
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
| A.Not all the events on the website are free of charge. |
| B.Fiona always knew what events were happening in her country. |
| C.Children must take part in the activities provided by the website together with their parents. |
| D.some organizers often feel disappointed that not enough people take part in their activities. |
On 26 May 1928, at a meeting in Amsterdam (阿姆斯特丹), the FIFA congress (国际足联) decided that a new competition open to all its members should be played. A year later in Barcelona it was agreed that Uruguay(乌拉圭), the strongest football team at the period of time., should celebrate 100 years of independence(独立) by hosting the first World Cup the following year. 
Only 13 nations came to the opening of the games and nine from South America. All games were played in three stadiums in Montevideo(蒙得维的亚) and, as expected, the South American countries were stronger, although the European teams did not bring shame.
Some 100,000 fans came for the final on 30 July between Argentina(阿根廷)and Uruguay. The FIFA president and brains(主要领导人)behind the World Cup, presented the trophy(奖杯)to winning captain and football’s greatest tournament was born.
After a pre-match row(争吵)over which ball to use for the final, it is believed the Argentine ball was used in one half and the Uruguayan ball in the other. When was the first World Cup played?
| A.1928. | B.1929. | C.1930. | D.1931. |
Which of these statements about the first World Cup is NOT TRUE?
| A.Most of the teams came from South America. |
| B.The South American teams were stronger. |
| C.All the matches were played in European countries |
| D.The European teams did not play badly. |
The best title of the passage is _____.
| A.The history of football |
| B.The history of the World Cup |
| C.The FIFA |
| D.The first World Cup |
(1)Needed: Full time secretary position available. Applicants(申请人)should have at least 2 years experience and be able to type 60 words a minute. No computer skills required. Apply(申请) in person at United Business Ltd., 17 Browning Street, Leeds.
(2) Are you looking for a part time job? We require 3 part time shop assistants to work during the evening. No experience required; applicants should between 18 and 26. Call 366 - 76564 for more information.
(3) Computer trained secretaries: Do you have experience working with computers? Would you like a full time position working in an exciting new company? If your answer is yes, give us a call at 457-896754
(4) Teacher Needed: Hania's Playschool needs 2 teacher/trainers to help with classes from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. Applicants should have appropriate licences. For more information visit Hania's Playschool in Leicester Square
(5) Part Time work available: We are looking for retired adults who would like to work part time at the weekend. Responsibilities include answering the telephone and giving customer's information. For more information contact us by calling 345-674132
(6) University positions open: The University of Bristol is looking for 4 teaching assistants to help with homework correction. Applicants should have a degree in one of the following: Political Science, Religion, Economics or History. Please contact the University of Bristol for more information. If you want to be full time secretary, you can contact the company by ________.
| A.writing letters | B.making telephone calls |
| C.going there personally | D.sending emails |
You must work __________ if you are accepted by calling 345-674132.
| A.during the evening | B.at the weekend |
| C.from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. | D.during the day |
If you are ______, you can’t work as a shop assistant according to the above advertisements.
| A.a woman | B.in your thirties |
| C.a man | D.a student |
Julian went to business school and studied computer and secretarial skills. He is looking for his first job and would like a full time position. The best position for him is ______.
| A.(3) | B.(1) | C.(6) | D.(4) |
There is a joke among flu researchers: “If you've seen one flu season, you've seen one flu season.” The joke is about the unpredictable nature of the flu virus. Every year it looks different, and every strain (类型) follows its own pattern — it's the reason why new strains like H1N1 are extremely difficult to predict.
Dr. Michael Osterholm is a former adviser to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. “I know less about influenza today than I did 10 years ago,” he says in a joking way. “Every stone we've turned over, we get more questions.”
The flu rectums every season and the world experiences terrible pandemics (全国或全世界范围流行的疾病), but researchers still do not understand why some strains infect people and others do not; they are not entirely sure about how the flu is transmitted; nor do they understand why some patients become seriously ill while others develop mild symptoms (症状). As a result, when a new strain shows up — like H1N1 — they often have little information to fall back on, and the lessons of previous pandemics are only somewhat helpful. While researchers are still putting together a complete picture of H1N1, for example, its most striking difference with the seasonal flu is that the elder1y are not the most vulnerable (易受攻击的) population.
Influenza's unpredictable nature makes it a moving target for researchers, says researcher Allison Aiello at the University of Michigan. “Even if we had complete seasonal flu data from the past, it wouldn't be much helpful for a new strain of influenza,” she explains.
Whi1e researchers are frustrated by the holes in their knowledge, they say, however, that the pub1ic--health community is generally doing a very good job responding to H1N1 with seasonal flu data that do exist. Studying influenza, says Osterholm, is “like looking through the windows of a house you can't get into because the door is locked.” Gathering the data researchers do have is like “looking through the windows to get a pretty good picture of what the inside looks like.”
One thing researchers do know for sure: the best way for people to protect against H1N1 is to get the vaccine once it becomes available to them.What do we learn about H1N1 from the passage?
| A.In fact it is not a kind of influenza virus. |
| B.It is quite possible to predict it in theory. |
| C.Old people are more likely to contract it than kids. |
| D.Receiving vaccines will be effective to protect against it. |
The underlined phrase “fall back on” in Para. 3 probably means .
| A.rely on | B.pass on | C.col1ect | D.exchange |
What do we know about previous seasonal flu data?
| A.It is useless to study them. |
| B.It is still necessary to study them. |
| C.They are misleading most of the time. |
| D.They are much more helpful than expected. |
Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?
| A.Outbreaks of the flu | B.Symptoms of the flu |
| C.Mysteries of the flu | D.Risks of the flu |
Rare birds in the UK have been living far better than the more common birds over the last decade due to the efforts of conservation organisations, according to a new assessment.
The research shows almost 60% of the 63 rare birds that live in the UK have increased over the last 10 years.
By contrast, only about one third of common species have increased over the same period. Just 28% of rare birds have decreased over the same period, compared with four out of every 10 common birds. The rare birds described in the assessment with increasing populations include the osprey (鹗) and corncrake (秧鸡). All of these birds are subject to conservation action.
The declining common birds include the nightingale, swift (雨燕), house sparrow and red grouse (苏格兰雷鸟). These are suffering declines for a variety of reasons, including changes in farming practices.
Dr David Noble, from the British Trust for Ornithology, said: “That some of our rarer birds have responded to targeted conservation action is great news. It shows just what can be achieved. What we need to do now is to continue the good work and use some of the lessons we have learned to help our more common birds.”
Dr Mark Avery, the conservation director of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), said: “Over the last decade we've enjoyed some great conservation successes, including removing some threatened species from the World Conservation Union's Red List of Thratened Animals and increasing the populations of red kite, osprey, etc. However, these successes are countered (抵消) by continued declines of some widespread species.”
The overview of 210 native birds has been produced by a group of conservation organisations, to mark the publication of The State of the UK's Birds report, which is in its l0th year. The report was published by the RSPB for a group of conservation organisations. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
| A.The decline of widespread birds is not worrying for the UK. |
| B.The UK has got some practical experience of bird conservation. |
| C.Changes in farming practices contribute to the increase of rare birds. |
| D.Half of common birds have decreased in the past ten years in the UK. |
We can learn from the passage that Dr David Noble .
| A.hopes that conservation organisations will change the way they work |
| B.is quite disappointed with the result of the new assessment |
| C.is losing confidence in conservation organizations’ action |
| D.has high hopes for the increase in bird population in Britain |
Which of the following can best explain Dr Mark Avery's words?
| A.The UK should not be satisfied with what they have achieved. |
| B.The UK should share their experience with other countries. |
| C.What conservation organisations do is far from satisfactory. |
| D.The RSPB is responsible for the decrease of common birds. |
The passage is most likely to be found in a book about .
| A.popular science | B.historical events |
| C.nature | D.society |
The author's purpose of writing this article is to tell people .
| A.some good ways to protect rare birds |
| B.the differences between rare birds and common birds |
| C.the number of rare birds has increased over the last decade |
| D.some widespread birds in the UK are in great need of help |