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There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared (培养). If an individual is handicapped (妨碍) environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.
This passage can be best titled_________.

A.Intelligence and Environment
B.Measuring Your Intelligence
C.The Case of Peter and Mark
D.How the brain Influences Intelligence

According to the passage, the average I.Q. is _____.

A.85 B.125 C.110 D.100

The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.

A.individual with identical brains seldom test at same level
B.an individual's intelligence is determined only by his environment
C.changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain
D.lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence

This passage suggests that an individual's I.Q.______.

A.can be increased by education
B.stays the same throughout his life
C.can be predicted at birth
D.is determined by his childhood
科目 英语   题型 阅读理解   难度 中等
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Life is difficult.
It is a great truth because once we truly understand and accept it, then life is no longer difficult.
Most people do not fully see this truth. Instead they complain(抱怨) about their problems and difficulties as if life should be easy. It seems to them that difficulties stand for a special kind of suffering especially forced on them or else on their families, their class, or even their nation.
What makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending on their nature, cause sadness, or loneliness(孤独) or regret or anger or fear. These are uncomfortable feelings, often as painful as any kind of physical pain. And since life causes a lot of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.
Yet, it is in this whole process of solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the serious test that tells us success from failure. When we want to encourage the growth of human spirit, we encourage the human ability to solve problems, just as in school we set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of meeting and working out problems that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, "Those things that hurt, instruct(指导)." It is for this reason that wise people learn not to fear but to welcome the pain of problems.
From the passage, it can be inferred that_______.

A.everybody has problems
B.we become stronger by facing and solving the problems of life
C.life is difficult because our problems bring us pain
D.people like to complain about their problems

The writer probably used just one short sentence in the first paragraph to ___.

A.save space
B.persuade readers
C.make readers laugh
D.get readers' attention

The main idea of paragraph 3 is that _________.

A.most people feel life is easy
B.the writer feel life is easy
C.the writer likes to complain about his problems
D.most people complain about how hard their lives are

According to the passage, we give school children difficult problems to solve in order to ______.

A.encourage them to learn
B.teach them to fear the pain of solving the problems
C.help them learn to deal with pain
D.teach them how to respect problems

The saying from Benjamin Franklin "Those things that hurt, instruct" suggests that ______.

A.we do not learn from experience
B.we do not learn when we are in pain
C.pain teaches us important lessons
D.pain cannot be avoided

As civilization proceeds in the direction of technology, it passes the point of supplying all the basic essentials of life-food, shelter, clothes and warmth. Then we are faced with a choice between using technology to provide and fulfill needs which have now been regarded as unnecessary or, on the other hand, using technology to reduce the number of hours of work which a man must do in order to earn a given standard of living. In other words, we either raise our standard of living above that necessary for comfort and happiness or we leave it at this level and work shorter hours.
I shall take it for granted that mankind has, by that time, chosen the latter alternative. Men will be working shorter and shorter hours in their paid employment. It follows that the housewife will also expect to be able to have more leisure in her life without lowering her standard of living. It also follows that human domestic servants will have completely ceased to exist. Yet the great majority of the housewives will wish to be relieved completely from the routine operations of the home such as scrubbing the floors or the bath of the cooker, or washing the clothes or washing up, or dusting or sweeping, or making beds.
By far the most logical step to relieve the housewife of routine is to provide a robot which can be trained to the requirements of a particular home and can be programmed to carry out half a dozen or more standard operations, when switched by the housewife.
As civilization develops in the direction of technology, ________.

A.the basic essentials of life must be supplied
B.it is important to supply the basic essentials of life
C.it is no longer so important as it was in the past to supply all the basic essentials of life
D.it is not necessary to supply the basic essentials of life

According to the author, we are faced with________.

A.the choice of providing and fulfilling our needs
B.the choice of using technology
C.the choice of earning a standard of living
D.a choice between using technology to provide and fulfill needs to reduce the number of working hours

What alternative will mankind have chosen in future?

A.To leave our standard of living at this level and work shorter hours.
B.To raise our standard of living.
C.To fulfill needs which have been regarded as unnecessary.
D.To lower our standard of living and work shorter hours.

Now most housewives wish to________.

A.stop doing their housework
B.do more housework to improve their life
C.get rid of the heavy burden of their housework
D.do only simple and light housework

It can be inferred that robots will be invented ______.

A.to take the place of housewives
B.to help manage a family
C.to do the routine of housework instead of human
D.to provide the daily necessities for man

A California family drives a car that could help protect the environment.
When Jon and Sandy go to the store or to their daughters’ soccer games, they drive in high-tech style. They drive a $1 million, fuel-cell-powered car. It may be the world’s most expensive car and one of the most environmentally friendly cars.
The FCX is the first fuel-cell-powered car to be used by a family
anywhere in the world. The FCX uses hydrogen and oxygen for fuel.
Car makers have been working to develop vehicles that are better for the environment. They are developing cars that use fuel other than gasoline.
what is fuel cell technology?
Fuel cell technology works by changing the chemicals hydrogen and oxygen into water. This process produces electricity, and water vapor which comes out of the exhaust pipe. Most cars release dangerous gases such as carbon monoxide(一氧化碳) and carbon dioxide. Many scientists say these gases are major contributors to global warming.
“The FCX is driven just like any other vehicle on the road, but
without the gases which pollute the environment, ” scientists say.
Fuel cell technology has been around since the 1800s, but scientists have yet been to perfect it. They say it may take years before the technology is ready for widespread use.
Creating environmentally friendly cars
Another earth-friendly car is already on the market.
Hybrid cars use both gasoline and an electric motor. They are becoming more popular with customers because they cut pollution and improve fuel efficiency.
Which of the following about the FCX is NOT true?

A.It may be the most expensive car in the world.
B.It is one of the most environmentally friendly cars.
C.It releases dangerous gases to pollute the air.
D.It uses hydrogen and oxygen for fuel other than gasoline.

According to the passage, what is the major cause for global warming?

A.Gases from FCX.
B.Water vapor from cars.
C.Hydrogen and oxygen.
D.Gases from cars.

From the passage, we know that fuel cell technology _______.

A.works by water
B.has a history for over two hundred years
C.works by electricity
D.has been widely used since the 1800s

We can infer from the passage that _______ .

A.future cars will be environmentally friendly
B.there will be no gasoline for cars
C.people can’t afford to buy cars in the future
D.global warming has been stopped

Hybrid cars are popular because _______ .

A.they are the fuel-cell-powered cars
B.they are energy-saving and cut pollution
C.they are perfect cars in the world
D.they produce gases to pollute the environment

I can’t remember a winter being as cold as this in Pennsylvania, but I’m sure there were colder days.
Even though the daylight hours are growing longer minute by minute, it’s easy to find an excuse not to go out unless you absolutely must, but then again I often have to push myself to accomplish things.
People I speak to have been in all kinds of nasty moods. They say they’re “under the weather,” not feeling good about this time of year.
As I stood outside with my two dogs yesterday, it was so cold that my nose and face felt frozen and my ears were stinging. Of course, that doesn’t matter to Ricky and Lucy. They have a routine they must go through to find just the fighting spot no matter how cold or hot it is. So I wait.
But this time it was different. As cold as it was, I suddenly was excited thinking about how wonderful this extreme cold really was.
Then the sun broke through the clouds and memories of summer’s extremely hot days flashed through my mind. I could remember standing in the heat of the afternoon, with sweat pouring down my brow and the hot, burning sun against my face. I reminded myself then and there that in the cold of the winter I would wish I had this heat.
I was grateful for the extremes. Without the extremes in my life, I would never appreciate the days when things were just right. Without the extremes, life would be boring.
It’s being pushed to one of the extremes that makes us appreciate the middle more. Health challenges remind us that we need to pay more attention to how we live. Financial extremes remind us that when things go smoothly it’s also time to save for raining days.
I’ve come to the conclusion that all too often I find a reason not to be happy with where I am at that moment. Whether it’s hot or cold, good health or bad, in the money or out of it, I always want it to be different.
I’m tired of being “Under the Weather!”
What is the author’s attitude towards the extremes in life?

A.Grateful.
B.Critical.
C.Sensitive.
D.Unconcerned.

That day the writer waited in the terrible cold because ______.

A.his dogs wanted to hunt
B.his dogs had a routine
C.he wanted to be different
D.he wanted to face the cold bravely

The underlined word “nasty” in the third paragraph can be replaced by ______.

A.unpleasant
B.violent
C.favorable
D.unusual

At last the author drew a conclusion that ______.

A.happiness cannot be gained by complaints
B.his present situation really disappointed him
C.things will be different whatever the situation is
D.happiness will fail to come to you if you can find a reason

What is the best title for this passage?

A.Follow the Routine
B.Two Extremes in Life
C.Weather Information
D.Changes should be Expected


Environment Awareness Week
Regal Convention Center, Halls 1-4
24-30 March 2011 10:00 am- 9:00 pm
Free admission for all!
Save the environment, save our future
Our environment needs help. With the participation of more than 50 organization, Environment Awareness Week is the biggest public education event dedicated to environmental protection and conversation. Don't miss it! Come and know more about:
The Threats to Earth(Hall 1)
What is global warming? How serious is pollution? Learn about different environmental problems from our university students. Protect our environment!
The Search for Renewable Energy(Hall 2)
Can we get electricity from mind, solar energy, waves, rivers and underground heat? Get the answers from Solar Ace, Teflou, TouchWind Resources and other participants.
The Quest for Freshwater (Hall 3)
Is the shortage of freshwater worsening? What are Singapore's solutions for treating wastewater? Hear from Flow Technologies, HydroMax Solutions and other participants.
The 3 Rs to Save Earth(Hall 4)
How can we REDUCE,REUSE and RECYCLE to cut down household wastes? Find out from the Global Gaia work, Green Earth Foundation and other participants.

For more information, please call Mr. Philip Koh at 6553 1188, send an email to Mrs Daisy Soh at daisy-soh@ief.org or visit the event's web site at http://www.ief.org/eaw.

The main aim of Environment Awareness Week is to _____.

A.educate the public on protecting the environment
B.discuss global warming and other environmental problems
C.explain ways for producing freshwater to save the environment
D.learn about renewable energy sources that protect the environment

The organizer of the event is _____.

A.Global Gaia Network
B.Clean Energy Agency
C.Green Earth Foundation
D.International Environment Fund

If you are interested in renewable energy sources, you should go to _____.

A.Hall 1
B.Hall 2
C.Hall 3
D.Hall 4

The “3 Rs”stand for_____.

A.Read, Realize and Remember
B.Reduce, Reuse and Recycle
C.Green Earth Foundation
D.Global Gaia Network

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the event?

A.It will last a week and the halls will be open 11 hours a day.
B.You can send an email to Mrs. Daisy Soh for more information.
C.Each hall charges the same amount of money as the other.
D.Lectures in Hall 1 will be given by university students.

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