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We all know that global warming is caused by greenhouse gases, largely carbon dioxide, which is given out by everything ranging from home appliances(电器) and cars to the heating and lighting systems of office buildings. But since we don’t see the gas, most of us simply shake our heads and then continue with our bad habits. Now, researchers at Arizona State University are trying to change that.
Directed by associate professor Kevin Gurney, the Hestia Project’s main goal is to make something that is currently intangible (无形的) into something a little more tangible, by allowing all of us to visually see how much each and every one of us is “contributing” to global warming.
In order to obtain a complete picture of the city’s environment, the team begins by collecting data from all different sources. Then, using special software they divide the emissions (排放) into three categories — commercial entities (实体) (office buildings and industrial plants), households and vehicles. This is the stage where things start to get really interesting. That’s because instead of showing all this information using graphs that we all instantly lose interest in, they create a visual “film” that shows not only the carbon emitted by each entity, but also the exact location it is coming from and the amount, which varies depending on the time of day or season. For example, the car emissions during rush hour are the highest, as is the case for commercial buildings during the day, especially during winter months when the heating is on.
Kevin knows that some of the data shown may start a blame game among the residents (居民) of the city. However, he is hoping that the people will go beyond that and instead use it to make changes in their daily lives.
According to the text, most people ignore the problem of greenhouse gases mainly because _____.

A.the problem is not very serious
B.bad living habits are hard to change
C.greenhouse gases can’t be seen
D.they think they have done nothing wrong

With the efforts of Kevin’s team, people can _____.

A.see a film about the effects of greenhouse gases
B.study methods of cutting greenhouse gases
C.know a certain place’s emission at different times
D.get information on emissions with various graphs

By saying “some of the data shown may start a blame game among the residents of the city”, the author means that _____.

A.Kevin’s team may get criticized
B.the Hestia Project may be treated as a game
C.residents may feel guilty of their bad behavior
D.people may accuse each other of carbon emissions

What’s the purpose of the text?

A.To introduce a research project.
B.To give advice on cutting emissions.
C.To show the harm of carbon emissions.
D.To call on people to protect the environment.
科目 英语   题型 阅读理解   难度 中等
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B
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45.Which website should you visit if you want to buy some cigarettes as presents at a low price?
A.http://www.electroniccigar.org
B.http://www.iicdmichigan.org
C.http://www.productreviewjunction.com/Gifts & Flowers.htm
D.http://www.productreviewjunction.com/Books.htm
46.How many adverts are trying to be price competitive?
A.2 B.3C.4 D.5
47.Where do the volunteers get training before taking on their voluntary work?
A.Brazil B.Ecuador C.Congo D.America
48.What number can you call if you are going to lose weight?
A.312-078-4860 B.240-564-3268 C.302-393-3126 D.252-747-7024

第二部分:阅读理解(第一节20小题;第二节共5小题;每小题2分,满分50分)
第一节:阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
A
In 1921, Lewis Lawes became the warden (监狱长) at Sing Sing Prison of New York State.No prison was tougher than Sing Sing during that time.But when Warden Lawes retired some 20 years later, that prison had become a humanitarian institution.Those who studied the system said credit for the change belonged to Lawes.But when he was asked about the transformation, here’s what he said, “I owe it all to my wonderful wife, Catherine, who is buried outside the prison walls.”
Catherine Lawes was a young mother with three small children when her husband became the warden.Everybody warned her from the beginning that she should never set foot inside the prison walls, but that didn’t stop Catherine!
When the first prison basketball game was held, she went into the gym with her three beautiful kids and she sat in the stands with the inmates.Her attitude was: “My husband and I are going to take care of these men and I believe they will take care of me! I don’t have to worry!” She insisted on getting acquainted with them and their records.She discovered one convicted murderer was blind so she paid him a visit.Holding his hand in hers she said, “Do you read Braille?” “What’s Braille?” he asked.Then she taught him how to read.Later, Catherine found a deaf-mute in prison.She went to school to learn how to use sign language.
Many said that Catherine Lawes was the body of Jesus that came alive again in Sing Sing from 1921to 1937.Then, she was killed in a car accident.The next morning Lewis Lawes didn’t come to work, so the acting warden took his place.It seemed almost instantly that the prison knew something was wrong.The following day, her body was resting in a casket in her home, three-quarters of a mile from the prison.As the acting warden took his early morning walk, he was shocked to see a large crowd of the toughest, hardest-looking criminals gathered like a herd of animals at the main gate.He came closer and noted tears of grief and sadness.He knew how much they loved Catherine.He turned and faced the men.
“All right, men, you can go.Just be sure and check in tonight!” Then he opened the gate and a parade of criminals walked, without a guard, the three-quarters of a mile to stand in line to pay their final respects to Catherine Lawes.And every one of them checked back in.Every one!
41.Catherine was not afraid of getting inside the prison walls because she believed ______.
A.one good turn deserves another B.no pains, no gains
C.a new broom sweeps clean D.virtue never grows old
42.The underlined word in paragraph three most probably refers to ______.
A.basketball players B.prison guards
C.prisoners D.family of the prisoners
43.What made every one of the criminals check back in?
A.The acting warden’s requirement B.The strict rules of the prison
C.Their respect for Catherine D.The force of the guards
44.What is the best title of the passage?
A.A Tough PrisonB.A Woman Bringing Changes
C.A warden Caring for Prisoners D.A Great Wife

第五部分:写作: 20分
阅读概括:
阅读下面短文,以约30个词概括短文的要点。5分
Dear Ms Jordan,
I am sorry for misbehaving in class .I won't do it again.
Tyler Vincent Turner
This is a letter of apology that my six-year-old son Tyler wrote to his teacher .It was simple enough and took less than five minutes to write, but I hoped the message I was sending to Tyler was one that would have a lasting effect.
When I made the decision, I hoped it was the right thing to do .It turned out that Ms Jordan was thrilled when she received the note . She told me that in her 25 years as a teacher no student had ever written her a letter of apology for misbehavior . She literally looked like she was going to cry.
I want him to realize that he is responsible for his behavior, good or otherwise .That’s why I decided to make him write the letter of apology .I didn’t tell him what to write--- the words were his own. And he did so without any reluctance and gave it to his teacher this morning with a verbal apology.If it happens again, he’ll have to write another letter. Taking responsibility for your own actions should start as young as possible and a six-year-old boy is certainly old enough.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

C
As the sound of footsteps behind her grew louder, she quickened her pace. She didn’t want to turn around as the memory of that morning’s newspaper headline made her afraid of what she would see: “City Killer Claims Fourth Victim.”
“Why did I stop for a few drinks in the bar after work?” she thought to herself. Now it was dark and the streets deserted. She was alone and a sitting duck.
She felt as if she was walking in the rain. Her clothes were damp from nervous sweat and as each short hot breath hit the night air, it turned to steam, coating her glasses in a thin film so all she saw seemed covered in fog.
The footsteps were closer now. She needed to get off this street. Her eyes began a useless search for an open store or lighted window. Passing a small lane she looked through, for a possible escape route. But the lane was a dead - end and she laughed to herself at the irony ( 具有讽刺意味的事 ).
The sound of a car behind her turning onto the street interrupted her self – pity. Escape was at hand. But as she was about to throw herself onto the road and shout for the car to stop, the car’s headlights cast a shadow that paralyzed ( 使瘫痪 ) her with terror.
It was the footsteps’ owner. The figure was huge and in its raised arm it held what looked like a lead-pipe, no doubt the one that was about to claim victim number five.
The shadow dissolved as the car passed by and disappeared into the distance. She felt a hand on her shoulder. It was all happening as if in slow – motion. She was waiting for her life to flash before her eyes like all those novels said it would – but it didn’t. The only thing she thought of was her dear husband. She recalled phoning him from work that very afternoon and joking about, of all things, the city killer. It was a night full of ironies.
There was a voice talking to her now but she was lost in thoughts of her fate and didn’t respond. The hand then began turning her around. It was surprisingly gentle given what was about to come. She allowed it to guide her without resistance ( 抗拒 ).
She looked up. She recognized the face, but she didn’t know from where. Its mouth was still talking to her but she couldn’t understand. Then she remembered. The face belonged to the foreign looking man who had served her at the bar. She looked down to his hand and saw in it not a lead – pipe but a rolled up copy of a work report she had been correcting in the bar as she drank.
His words suddenly started to register in her brain and she could hear him. “Miss, Miss. Are you OK? You left this in the bar and it looked important so I thought I’d better give it to you.”
56. The woman was feeling nervous because________.
A. she had left her report in the bar
B. there was a killer in the city
C. she was being followed by someone
D. the streets were dark and empty
57. The underlined expression “a sitting duck” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to “________”.
A. an easy target B. a frightened person
C. a foolish animal D. a still position
58. What is the correct order of events that happened to the woman on the day of the story?
a. She went for a drink in a bar. b. She corrected the report.
c. She heard loud footsteps. d. She read the newspaper.
e. She called her husband. f. She felt a hand on her shoulder.
A. d,c,a,e,b,f B. c,d,a,e,f,b C. d,a,b,e,c,f D. d,e,a,b,c,f
59. Why did the woman laugh when she looked into the lane?
A. She was excited because she thought it may be a way to escape.
B. She felt bitter because she had no chance to escape.
C. She was becoming more and more nervous.
D. She realized that she was behaving foolishly.
60. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. It was raining when she left the bar.
B. The woman had felt nervous about the city killer for days.
C. The temperature was very low that evening.
D. The woman was behaving unreasonably.

B
We once had a poster competition in our fifth grade art class.
“You could win prizes,’’our teacher told US as she wrote the poster information on the blackboard. She passed out sheets of construction paper while continuing,“The first prize is ten dollars. You just have to make sure that the words on the blackboard appear somewhere on your poster. ”
We studied the board critically. Some of US looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard,rocking the sheets to the fight or left while we conjured up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. We had plans for that ten—dollar grand prize,each and every one of US. I'm going to spend mine on candies,one hopeful would announce,while another practiced looking serious,wise and rich.
Everyone in the class made a poster. Some of us used parts of those fancy paper napkins, while others used nothing but colored construction paper. Some of US used big designs,and some of us preferred to gather our art tidily down in one comer of our poster and let the space draw the viewer's attention to it. Some of US would wander past the good students’ desks and then return to our own projects with a growing sense of hopelessness. It was yet another grown-up trick of the soil they seemed especially fond of。making all of US believe we had a fair chance,and then always—always—rewarding the same old winners.
I believe I drew a sailboat,but I can’t say that with any certainty. I made it. I admired it. I determined it to be the very best of all of the posters I had seen,and then I turned it in.
Minutes passed.
No one came along to give me the grand prize,and then someone distracted me,and I probably never would have thought about that poster again.
I was still sitting at my desk,thinking,What poster? When the teacher gave me an envelope with a ten-dollar bill in it and everyone in the class applauded for me.
51.. What was the teacher's requirement for the poster?
A. It must appear in time.
B. It must be done in class.
C. It must be done on a construction sheet.
D. It must include the words on the blackboard.
52. The underlined phrase in paragraph 3 most probably means _____________.
A. formed an idea for B. made an outline for
C. made some space for D. chose some colors for
53. After the teacher’s words,all the students in the class _________.
A. 1ooked very serious B. thought they would be rich
C. began to think about their designs D. began to play games
54. After seeing the good students’ designs,some students _________.
A. 1oved their own designs more
B. thought they had a fair chance
C. put their own designs in a comer
D. thought they would not win the prize
55. We can infer from the passage that the author ______________.
A. enjoyed grown-up tricks very much
B. 1oved poster competitions very much
C. felt surprised to win the competition
D. became wise and rich after the competition

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