CHICAGO (Reuters) - Smoking not only can wrinkle(起皱纹) the face and turn it yellow -- it can do the same to the whole body, researchers reported on Monday.
The study, published in the Archives of Dermatology, shows that smoking affects the skin all over the body -- even skin protected from the sun.
"We examined non-facial skin that was protected from the sun, and found that the total number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day and the total years a person has smoked were linked with the amount of skin damage a person experienced," Dr. Yolanda Helfrich of the University of Michigan, who led the study, said in a statement.
"In participants older than 65 years, smokers had significantly more fine wrinkling than nonsmokers. Similar findings were seen in participants aged 45 to 65 years," Helfrich's team added in their report.
The researchers tested 82 people, smokers and nonsmokers, taking pictures of the inner right arms. They ranged in age from 22 to 91 and half were smokers. Independent judges decided how wrinkled each person's skin was.
When skin is exposed to sunlight, notably（尤其）the face, it becomes coarse, wrinkled and discolored with a pale yellow tint, Helfrich's team wrote.
Several previous studies have found that cigarette smoking contributes to premature（过早的）skin aging as measured by facial wrinkles, the study said, but little has been done to measure the aging of skin not exposed to light.
The report did not discuss the mechanism involved but previous research has found that cigarette smoke, among other things, causes blood vessels（血管）beneath the skin to constrict（紧缩）, reducing blood supply to the skin.
Smoking can also damage the connective tissue (组织)that supports both the skin and the internal organs.The best title for this passage would be_______.
| A．The danger of smoking | B．Smoking causes skin aging |
| C．Quit smoking for health | D．A survey of smokers |
It can be inferred from the study _______ .
| A．smoking won’t make skin protected from the sun |
| B．smoking will do damage to skin rather than other organs |
| C．smokers over 65 usually won’t worry about their skin |
| D．the age of smokers is not connected with the result of the test |
From the passage smoking results in skin aging mainly because_____.
| A．it will lower blood supply to skin | B．it can make you feel tired |
| C．it can make skin come off | D．it can make blood run faster |
The main purpose of the passage is to ______.
| A．inform people about the result of the study |
| B．advise people how to protect skin |
| C．warn people not to smoke again |
| D．introduce a new way of avoiding skin aging |
Thinking
| ·Some scientists claim that we humans are the only living things that are conscious(有意识的)—we alone are aware that we are thinking. ·No one knows how consciousness works—it is one of science’s last great mysteries. ·All your thoughts take place in the cerebrum(大脑皮质),which is at the top of your brain,and different kinds of thought are linked to different areas,called association areas. ·Each half of the cerebrum has four rounded ends called lobes(脑叶)—two at the front(frontal and temporal lobes)and two at the back(occipital and parietal lobes). ·The frontal lobe is linked to your personality and it is where you have your bright ideas. ·The temporal lobe is where you hear and understand what people say to you. ·The occipital lobe is where you work out what your eyes see. ·The parietal lobe is where you record touch,heat and cold,and pain. ·The left half of the brain controls the right side of the body.The right half controls the left side. ·One half of the brain is always dominant(in charge).Usually,the left brain is dominant,which is why 90% of people are right-handed. |
Which part of your cerebrum is most active when you are making a telephone call?
| A．The frontal lobe. | B．The temporal lobe. |
| C．The occipital lobe. | D．The parietal lobe. |
Which of the following statements is true?
| A．One’s personality has something to do with the frontal lobe. |
| B．Bright ideas come from the parietal lobe. |
| C．The occipital and temperal lobes are at the back of the cerebrum. |
| D．The occipital lobe is in charge of sound. |
From the passage,we know the reason why around 10% of people are left-handed is that_______.
| A．their frontal lobe is usually dominant |
| B．their temporal lobe is usually dominant |
| C．their right brain is usually dominant |
| D．their left brain is usually dominant |
Experience the newly opened Grand Canyon(大峡谷)West Skywalk in Colorado.Departing from Grand Canyon’s South Rim by Airplane to Grand Canyon’s West Rim,you will land and take a ground tour to the Skywalk!Walk on air for 70 feet over the edge of Grand Canyon West.
This Skywalk has been open since March 28,2007.Daily visitorship to the Skywalk has been over 4000 people.Please be patient to enjoy your moment on the Skywalk.
After you have experienced the one and only Grand Canyon Skywalk Glass Bridge,you will return to the Grand Canyon West Airport and take your Airplane for a flight back to the South Rim of the Canyon.This is a tour never to be forgotten as you will have walked on air over the Grand Canyon.
Tour Itinerary(行程)
| Tour Duration |
5.7 Hour |
The Ground Canyon Adventure Skywalk |
| Flight from Grand Canyon South Rim to Grand Canyon West |
1 Hour |
Experience a bird’s-eye view of the Grand Canyon as you make your way to Grand Canyon West. |
| Light Lunch at Guano Point at Grand Canyon West |
2 Hours |
You will be taken by bus to Guano Point with breathtaking views of the western part of the Grand Canyon where the Colorado River makes its way into Lake Mead.Every table for lunch has a view. |
| Walk on the World Famous Skywalk |
1.5 Hour s |
Finally you will board your bus to Eagle Point,home of the Grand Canyon Skywalk.Now it is time for you to walk on air for 70 feet over the Grand Canyon. |
| Fight Back to Grand Canyon South Rim |
1.2 Hours |
After time on the Skywalk,you will return to the Grand Canyon West Airport and return to Grand Canyon South Rim in time for dinner and sunset. |
This advertisement is for_______.
| A．Grand Canyon West | B．Grand Canyon South |
| C．Grand Canyon | D．the Skywalk |
The package fee does NOT cover the cost of_______.
The Grand Canyon Skywalk Bridge is made of glass because_______.
| A．it looks stronger | B．it is cheaper to build |
| C．it looks more beautiful | D．it gives you a better view |
According to the Tour Itinerary,the route is_______.
A.South Rim→Guano Point→West Airport→Eagle Point→West Airport→South Rim
B.South Rim→West Airport→Guano Point→Eagle Point→West Airport→South Rim
C.South Rim→West Airport→Eagle Point→Guano Point→West Airport→South Rim
South Rim→West Airport→Eagle Point→West Airport→Guano Point→South Rim
Professor Barry Wellman of the University of Toronto in Canada has invented a term to describe the way many North Americans interact(互动)these days.The term is “networked individualism”.This concept is not easy to understand because the words seem to have opposite meanings.How can we be individuals(个体)and be networked at the same time?You need other people for networks.
Here is what Professor Wellman means.Before the invention of the Internet and e-mail,our social networks included live interactions with relatives,neighbors,and friends.Some of the interaction was by phone,but it was still voice to voice,person to person,in real time.
A recent research study by the Pew Internet and American Life Project showed that for a lot of people,electronic interaction through the computer has replaced this person-to-person interaction.However,a lot of people interviewed for the Pew study say that’s a good thing.Why?
In the past,many people were worried that the Internet isolated(孤立)us and caused us to spend too much time in the imaginary world of the computer.But the Pew study discovered that the opposite is true.The Internet connects us with more real people than expected—helpful people who can give advice on careers,medical problems,raising children,and choosing a school or college.About 60 million Americans told Pew that the Internet plays an important role in helping them make major life decisions.
Thanks to the computer,we are able to be alone and together with other people—at the same time!The underlined phrase “networked individualism”probably means that by using computers people_______.
| A．stick to their own ways no matter what other people say |
| B．have the rights and freedom to do things of their own interest |
| C．do things in their own ways and express opinions different from other people |
| D．are able to keep to themselves but at the same time reach out to other people |
According to the Pew study,what do many people rely on to make major life decisions?
| A．Networks. | B．Friends. |
| C．Phones. | D．Parents. |
It can be inferred from the Pew study that_______.
| A．people have been separated from each other by using computers |
| B．the Internet makes people waste a lot of time and feel very lonely |
| C．the Internet has become a tool for a new kind of social communication |
| D．a lot of people regard the person-toperson communication as good thing |
Which would be the best title for this passage?
| A．We’re Alone on the Internet. |
| B．We’re Communicating on the Internet. |
| C．We’re Alone Together on the Internet. |
| D．We’re in the Imaginary World of the Internet. |
Su Hua is studying at Cambridge,UK.She has bought a bicycle and is worried about security(安全).Her friend,Kate,found this article and sent it to her.
| Introduction A lot of crime is against bicycles.About 150 000 bicycles are stolen every year and most are never found.You can prevent this happening by following a few careful steps. Basic Security Do not leave your bicycle in out-of-the-way places.Always lock your bicycle when you leave.Secure it to lampposts or trees.Take off smaller parts and take them with you,for example lights and saddles(车座). Locks Get a good lock.There are many different types in the shops.Buy one that has been tested against attack.Ask for a recommendation from a bike shop. Marking Security making your bike can act as a deterrent to a thief.It can also help the police find your bicycle.It should be clearly written and include your postcode and your house or flat number.This will provide a simple way to identify your bicycle. Registration There are a number of companies who will security mark your bicycle for you.They will then put your registration number and personal details on their computer database.Then if your bicycle is found it will be easy to contact you. Finally Keep a record of the bicycle yourself:its make,model and registration number.You can even take a photograph of it.This will prove the bicycle belongs to you. |
| 1． |
Which part of the text gives you information on how to lock up your bicycle when you leave it?.
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| 2． |
The underlined phrase "act as a deterrent to a thief"means.
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| 3． |
The article advises you to keep a record of your bicycle.
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| 4． |
The main purpose of this article is.
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It may help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.At some point in every speech,every speaker says something that is not understood exactly as he has planned.Fortunately,such moments are usually not obvious(明显的) to the listeners.Why?Because the listeners do not know what the speaker plans to say.They hear only what the speaker does say.If you lose your place for a moment,wrongly change the order of a couple of sentences,or forget to pause at a certain point,no one will be any the wiser.When such moments occur,don't worry about them.Just continue as if nothing happened.
Even if you do make an obvious mistake during a speech,that doesn't really matter.If you have ever listened to Martin Luther King's famous speech-"I Have a Dream",you may notice that he stumbles(结巴) over his words twice during the speech.Most likely,however,you don't remember.Why?Because you were fixing your attention on his message rather than on his way of speech-making.
People care a lot about making a mistake in a speech because they regard speech-making as a kind of performance rather than as an act of communication(交流).They feel the listeners are like judges in an ice-skating competition.But,in fact,the listeners are not looking for a perfect performance.They are looking for a well-thought-out speech that expresses the speaker's ideas clearly and directly.Sometimes a mistake or two can actually increase a speaker's attractiveness by making him more human.
As you work on your speech,don't worry about being perfect.Once you free your mind of this,you will find it much easier to give your speech freely.
| 1． |
The underlined part in the first paragraph means that no one will.
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| 2． |
You don't remember obvious mistakes in a speech because.
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| 3． |
It can be inferred from the passage that.
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| 4． |
What would be the best title for the passage?
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