People who enjoy a dream-filled sleep are better at recalling information and making links between facts when waking. But recharging with a shallow (小睡) offers no such mental improvement, the research suggests. The results of the study added to the growing body of evidence that Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep is very important to the brain’s ability to form strong memories.
An average night's rest includes four or five spells of REM sleep, but these bursts tend to be lengthier towards the end of the night. This means adults getting less than the recommended seven to eight hours a night -- and therefore inadequate REM sleep -- may be damaging their mind's ability to memorize: Although REM sleep is not classified as a type of deep sleep, it is only reached after the brain has passed through deep sleep stages.
In the recent study, participants were shown groups of three words and asked to find another word that can be associated with all three words. They were tested once in the morning and then given the same task again in the afternoon. In between, some were allowed a nap with REM sleep, some a nap without REM sleep, while the others had a quiet rest period. The quiet rest and non-REM sleep groups didn't improve, but the REM sleep group improved on their morning performance by an average of almost 40 per cent. Dr Sara Mednick, a sleep researcher at the University of California who led the study, believes the formation of connections between previously unassociated information in the brain occurs during REM sleep.
It is believed that sleep acts as a sort of mental filing system, enabling the brain to sort relevant information from useless information. This process may take place as memories are removed hem one art of the brain to others.
| Title |
REM Sleep |
| The result of the study |
Rapid Eye Movement sleep is of great importance to the brain's ability to |
| The of the study |
◆ associated with all three words. ◆The same task was given to participants ◆ The quiet rest and non-REM sleep groups showed no ◆ The REM sleep group almost 40 per cent. |
| Dr Sara Mednick's |
Connections between previous unassociated information in the brain are |
| Conclusion |
Sleep acts as a sort of mental filing system, enabling the brain to abandon useless information and keep the information. |
I remember taking1English class in college on the short story. Our first assignment was to read2short stones and then discuss which one was better. After reading both，I wasn't sure. Over the3several months, my professor taught me4one story was so much better than the other wan humorous5was rich in metaphor（隐喻）and character development, while the other was humorous6too shallow. I couldn't see this at first. Yet, in a few months, my brain got reeducated an7could see the difference between good and bad writing and could appreciate literature at a whole new level.
Going to college helps build a strong mind, which leads8greater success in one's life.
Maybe you are an average student. You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessary so, however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here’s how.
1) Plan your time carefully. When you plan your week, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time. First your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. then decide a good, regular time for studying. Don't forget to set aside enough time for entertainment. A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you to realize what is happening to your time.
2) Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials. No games, radios, or television! When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.
3) Make good use of your time in class. Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teachers say. Really listening in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.
4) Study regularly. When you get home from school, go over your notes. Review the important points that your teacher mentioned in class. If you know what your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read that material will become more meaningful, and you will remember it longer.
5) Develop a good attitude about tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won’t end if you don't pass a test, so don't be overly worried.
There are other methods that might help you with your studying. You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.
Title: How to become a better student
| General methods |
How to |
advantages |
| Plan your time carefully |
Make a list |
Force you to realize 6 is happening to your time |
| Make a 1 |
||
| Find a good place to study |
Free of everything but study 2 |
You can 7 on the subject |
| Make good use of your time in class |
Listen to everything the teachers say |
Really listening in class means 8 work later |
| Taking3 |
||
| Study regularly |
Go over your notes |
Help you 9 it better , remember it longer |
| 4 new material |
||
| Develop a good attitude about tests |
Don't be 5worried |
Remember your new 10 |
[1]Have you ever been in the situation where you really didn’t believe what someone was saying? Did you have a sense that something didn’t ring true or a feeling that all was not right? Perhaps they were saying ‘‘Yes’’ yet their heads were shaking “No”．
[2]The difference between the 
words people speak and our understanding of them comes from non-verbal communication, otherwise known as “body language”. Body language includes body movements and gestures(1egs，arms，hands，head and body)，posture，muscle tension，eye contact，
skin coloring，even people’s breathing rate and sweat．Additionally，the tone of voice，the rate of speech and the pitch of the voice all add to the words that are being used．
[3] By developing your awareness of the signs and signals of body language，you can more easily understand other people，and more effectively communicate with them．There are sometimes subtle(微妙的)—and sometimes not so subtle—movements，gestures, facial expressions and even shifts in our whole bodies that indicate something is going on．We have ways of talking，walking，sitting and standing and they all say something about us，and whatever is happening on the inside can be reflected on the outside．
[4]By becoming more aware of this body language and understanding what it might mean，you can learn to read people more easily．This puts you in a better position to communicate effectively with them．What’s more, by increasing your understanding of others，you can also become more aware of the messages that you convey to them．
[5] There are times when we send mixed messages—we say one thing yet our body language reveals something different．This non-verbal language will affect how we act and react to others，and how they react to us．Therefore，in order to communicate more effectively，we should learn the signs and signals of body language correctly．What is the best title for the passage? (no more than 6 words)
__________________________________________________________________________Complete the following statement with proper words.(no more than 3 words)
Maybe their behaviors didn’t _____________________________ their words. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 3 words)[
___________________________________________________________________________[来What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to ? (no more than 9 words)
___________________________________________________________________________What should people do in order to communicate effectively with others ? (no more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
[1] Have you ever been in the situation where you really didn’t believe what someone was saying? Did you have a sense that something didn’t ring true or a feeling that all was not right? Perhaps they were saying ‘‘Yes’’ yet their heads were shaking “No”．
[2] The difference between the 
words people speak and our understanding of them comes from non-verbal communication, otherwise known as “body language”. Body language includes body movements and gestures(1egs，arms，hands，head and body)，posture，muscle tension，eye contact，
skin coloring，even people’s breathing rate and sweat．Additionally，the tone of voice，the rate of speech and the pitch of the voice all add to the words that are being used．
[3] By developing your awareness of the signs and signals of body language，you can more easily understand other people，and more effectively communicate with them．There are sometimes subtle(微妙的)—and sometimes not so subtle—movements，gestures, facial expressions and even shifts in our whole bodies that indicate something is going on．We have ways of talking，walking，sitting and standing and they all say something about us，and whatever is happening on the inside can be reflected on the outside．
[4]By becoming more aware of this body language and understanding what it might mean，you can learn to read people more easily．This puts you in a better position to communicate effectively with them．What’s more, by increasing your understanding of others，you can also become more aware of the messages that you convey to them．
[5] There are times when we send mixed messages—we say one thing yet our body language reveals something different．This non-verbal language will affect how we act and react to others，and how they react to us．Therefore，in order to communicate more effectively，we should learn the signs and signals of body language correctly．What is the best title for the passage? (no more than 6 words)
__________________________________________________________________________Complete the following statement with proper words.(no more than 3 words)
Maybe their behaviors didn’t _____________________________ their words. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 3 words) ___________________________________________________________________________
What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to ? (no more than 9 words)
___________________________________________________________________________What should people do in order to communicate effectively with others ? (no more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
[1] Have you ever been in the situation where you really didn’t believe what someone was saying? Did you have a sense that something didn’t ring true or a feeling that all was not right? Perhaps they were saying ‘‘Yes’’ yet their heads were shaking “No”．
[2] The difference between the 
words people speak and our understanding of them comes from non-verbal communication, otherwise known as “body language”. Body language includes body movements and gestures(1egs，arms，hands，head and body)，posture，muscle tension，eye contact，
skin coloring，even people’s breathing rate and sweat．Additionally，the tone of voice，the rate of speech and the pitch of the voice all add to the words that are being used．
[3] By developing your awareness of the signs and signals of body language，you can more easily understand other people，and more effectively communicate with them．There are sometimes subtle(微妙的)—and sometimes not so subtle—movements，gestures, facial expressions and even shifts in our whole bodies that indicate something is going on．We have ways of talking，walking，sitting and standing and they all say something about us，and whatever is happening on the inside can be reflected on the outside．
[4]By becoming more aware of this body language and understanding what it might mean，you can learn to read people more easily．This puts you in a better position to communicate effectively with them．What’s more, by increasing your understanding of others，you can also become more aware of the messages that you convey to them．
[5] There are times when we send mixed messages—we say one thing yet our body language reveals something different．This non-verbal language will affect how we act and react to others，and how they react to us．Therefore，in order to communicate more effectively，we should learn the signs and signals of body language correctly．What is the best title for the passage? (no more than 6 words)
__________________________________________________________________________Complete the following statement with proper words.(no more than 3 words)
Maybe their behaviors didn’t _____________________________ their words. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 3 words) ___________________________________________________________________________
What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to ? (no more than 9 words)
___________________________________________________________________________What should people do in order to communicate effectively with others ? (no more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________________