Ideas about polite behavior are different from one culture to another. Some societies, such as America and Australia for example, are mobile and very open. People here change jobs and move house quite often. As a result, they have a lot of relationships that often last only a short time, and they need to get to know people quickly. So it's normal to have friendly conversations with people that they have just met, and you can talk about things that other cultures would regard as personal.
On the other hand there are more crowded and less mobile societies where long-term relationships are more important. A Malaysian or Mexican business person, for example, will want to get to know you very well before he or she feels happy to start business. But when you do get to know each other, the relationship becomes much deeper than it would in a mobile society.
To Americans, both Europeans and Asians seem cool and formal at first. On the other hand, as a passenger from a less mobile society puts it, it's no fun spending several hours next to a stranger who wants to tell you all about his or her life and asks you all sorts of questions that you don't want to answer.
Cross-cultural differences aren't just a problem for travelers, but also for the flights that carry them. All flights want to provide the best service, but ideas about good service are different from place to place. This can be seen most clearly in the way that problems are dealt with.
Some societies have 'universalist' cultures. These societies strongly respect rules, and they treat every person and situation in basically the same way.
'Particularist' societies, on the other hand, also have rules, but they are less important than the society's unwrinen ideas about what is right or wrong for a particular situation or a particular person. So the normal rules are changed to fit the needs of the situation or the importance of the person.
This difference can cause problems. A traveler from a particularist society, India, is checking in for a flight in Germany, a country which has a universalist culture. The Indian traveler has too much luggage, but he explains that he has been away from home for a long time and the suitcases are full of presents for his family. He expects that the check-in official will understand his problem and will change the rules for him. The check-in official explains that if he was allowed to have too much luggage, it wouldn't be fair to the other passengers. But the traveler thinks this is unfair, because the other passengers don't have his problem.Often moving from one place to another makes people like Americarts and Australians
| A．like traveling better |
| B．easy to communicate with |
| C．difficult 1o make rcal friends |
| D．have a long-term relationship with their neighbors |
People like Malaysians prefer to associate with those
| A．who will tell them everything of their own |
| B．who want to do business with them |
| C．they know quite well |
| D．who are good at talking |
A person from a less mobile society will feel it_____ when a stranger keeps talking to him or her, and asking him or her questions.
| A．boring | B．friendly | C．normal | D．rough |
Which of the following is true about "particularist societies"?
| A．There is no rule for people to obey. |
| B．People obey the society's rules completely. |
| C．No one obeys the society's ruies though they have. |
| D．The society's rules can be changed with different persons or situations. |
The writer of the passage thinks that the Indian and the German have different ideas about rules because of different__________.
| A．interests | B．habits and customs |
| C．cultures | D．ways of life |
Melbourne Zoo’s Close-up Visits will bring you face to face with some of our zoo’s most popular animals.
Each experience includes a 6×8 photograph, taken by one of our professional photographers, to help you keep the memory of your visit to Melbourne Zoo.
Please note: The price of a Close-up Visits ticket does not include entry to Melbourne Zoo.
Meerkat Close-up
| Price per person |
$30 |
| Max group size |
4 people |
| Restrictions (限制) |
Minimum age: 5. Children aged 5 to 12 must be accompanied by a paying adult |
| Time |
11:30 am |
Big Tortoise Close-up
| Price per person |
$15 |
| Max group size |
4 people |
| Restrictions |
Children under 12 must be accompanied by a paying adult |
| Time |
11:00 am |
Giraffe Close-up
| Price per person |
$30 |
| Max group size |
6 people |
| Restrictions |
Minimum age: 5. Children aged 5 to 12 must be accompanied by a paying adult |
| Time |
11:30 am |
Kangaroo Close-up
| Price per person |
$30 for up to 2 people |
| Max group size |
4 people |
| Restrictions |
Children under 12 must be accompanied by a paying adult |
| Time |
2:00 pm |
Bookings Information
● Bookings can be made by calling Zoo Photos on 0392859406.
● Bookings can be made on the day by visiting Zoo Photos from 9:30 am.
● A Zoo Photo Animal Experience does not include entry to Melbourne Zoo.
Terms and Conditions
● Group size and restrictions are needed to pay attention to.
● The photographer have the right to stop any experience at any time for reasons relating to animals’ health or visitors’ bad behavior.If you buy a ticket for Melbourne Zoo’s Close-up Visits, you _____.
| A．can enter Melbourne Zoo for free |
| B．are asked to work for the wildlife |
| C．can have a photo of yourself taken |
| D．aren’t allowed to meet animals face to face |
If you are free in the afternoon, you may choose to see _____.
| A．kangaroos | B．giraffes | C．big tortoises | D．meerkats |
Giraffe Close-up is different from Meerkat Close-up in _____.
| A．price | B．max group size | C．restrictions | D．time |
What do we know from the passage?
| A．You can make a booking from 9 in the morning. |
| B．Children of all ages can visit the animals in the zoo. |
| C．The photographer has the right to deal with your photos. |
| D．You may be forced to leave the zoo if you behave badly. |
Melissa Poe was 9 years old when she began a campaign for a cleaner environment by writing a letter to the then President Bush. Through her own efforts, her letter was reproduced on over 250 donated ( 捐赠) billboards (广告牌) across the country.
The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment (Kids F. A. C. E.) in 1989. There are now 300,000 members of Kids F.A.C.E. worldwide and it is the world’s largest youth environmental organization.
Poe has also asked the National Park Service to carry out a “Children’s Forest” project in every national park. In 1992, she was invited as one of only six children in the world to speak at the Earth Summit in Brazil as part of the Voices of the Future Program. In 1993, she was given a Caring Award for her efforts by the Caring Institute.
Since the organization started, Kids F.A.C.E. members have distributed and planted over 1 million trees! Ongoing tree-planting projects include Kids’ Yards — the creation of backyard wildlife habitats (栖息地) and now Kids F.A.C.E. is involved in the exciting Earth Odyssey, which is a great way to start helping.
“We try to tell kids that it’s not OK to be lazy,” she explains. “You need to start being a responsible (负责任的) , environmentally friendly person now, right away, before you become a resource-sucking adult.” Kids F.A.C.E. is __________.
A. a program to help students with writing
B. a project of litter recycling
C. a campaign launched by President Bush
D. a club of environmental protection What can we learn about Poe?
| A．She was awarded a prize in Brazil. |
| B．She donated billboards across the country. |
| C．She got positive responses for her efforts. |
| D．She joined the National Park Service. |
Kid’s Yards is ____________.
| A．established in national park |
| B．started to protect wildlife |
| C．a wildlife-raising project |
| D．an environment park for kids |
Which of the following can be inferred from the text?
A. Adults are resources –sucking people.
B. Poe sought help from a youth organization
C. Kids F.A.C.E. members are from the U.S.
D. Kids are urged to save natural resources. Poe was a girl aged _____when she began a campaign for a cleaner environment
by writing a letter to the then President Bush.
| A．nine | B．nineteen | C．eight | D．Fifteen |
An increase in students applying to study economics (经济学) at university is being attributed to （归因于）the global economic crisis (危机) awakening a public thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works.
Applications for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15% this January, according to UCAS, the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service. A spokesman for the Royal Economic Society said applications to do economics at A-level were also up.
Professor John Beath, the president of the society and a leading lecture at St Andrews University, said his first-year lectures which are open to students from all departments—were drawing crowds of 400, rather than the usual 250.
“There are a large number of students who are not economics majors, who would like to learn something about it. One of the things I have done this year is to relate my teaching to contemporary events in a way that one hasn’t traditionally done. ” He added.
University applications rose 70% last year. But there were rises above average in several subjects. Nursing saw a 15% jump, with people’s renewed interest in careers in the pubic sector（部门）, which are seen as more secure in economic crisis.
A recent study showed almost two thirds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pupils about financial matters, and almost half said their children had asked them what was going on, although a minority of parents felt they did not understand it themselves well enough to explain.
Zack Hocking, the head of Child Trust Funds, said: “It’s possible that one good thing to arise from the downturn will be a generation that’s financially wiser and better equipped (使…有能力) to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty.” Professor John Beath’s lectures are.
| A．given in a traditional way |
| B．connected with the present situation |
| C．open to both students and their parents |
| D．warmly received by economics |
Careers in the public sector are more attractive because of their.
| A．greater stability | B．higher pay |
| C．fewer applications | D．better reputation |
In the opinion of most parents , .
| A．economics should be the focus of school teaching |
| B．more students should be admitted to universities |
| C．the teaching of financial matters should be strengthened. |
| D．children should solve financial problems themselves |
According to Hocking , the global economic crisis might make the youngsters_____.
| A．wiser in money management |
| B．have access to better equipment |
| C．confident about their future careers |
| D．get jobs in Child Trust Funds |
What’s the main idea of the text?
| A．Universities have received more applications. |
| B．Economics is attracting an increasing number of students |
| C．college students benefit a lot from economic uncertainty |
| D．parents are concerned with children’s subject selection. |
“In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight.”
“Two full inches in the first three days!”
These are the kinds of statements used in magazine, newspaper, radio and television ads, promising new shapes and new looks to those who buy the medicine or the device (设备；装置). The promoters (推销员；促销员) of products say they can shape the legs, slim the face, smooth wrinkles, or in some other way to beauty or desirability.
Often such products are nothing more than money--making things for their promoter. The results they produce are questionable, and some are dangerous to health.
To understand how these products can be legally promoted to the public, it is necessary to understand something of the laws covering their regulation (条例). If the product is a drug, FDA（Food Drug Administration） can require proof （证明）under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act that is safe and effective before it is put on the market . But if the product is a device, FDA. has no author to require premarketing proof of safety or effectiveness. If a product already on the marker is a danger to health, FDA can request the producer or distributor to remove it from the market voluntarily, or it can take legal action , including seizure （查封） of the product.
One notable case a few years ago involved an electrical device called the Relaxacisor, which had been sold for reducing the waistline. The Relaxacisor produced electrical shocks to the body through contact pads. FDA took legal action against the distributor to stop the sale of the device on the grounds that it was dangerous to health and life.
Obviously, most of the devices on the market have never been the subject of court proceedings（法律诉讼）,and new devices appear continually. Before buying, it is up to the consumer to judge the safety or effectiveness of such items. It can be inferred that ads mentioned in the text are ______.
| A．objective | B．costly |
| C．unreliable (不可靠的 ) | D．illegal |
Which of the following is true according to the text?
A. The court is in charge of removing dangerous product.
B. New products are more likely to be questionable.
C. The production of a device must be approved by FDA.
D. The promoters usually just care about profits. FDA can ask for the proof of safety and effectiveness of a product ________.
| A．if it is a drug |
| B．if it is a device |
| C．if its consumers make complaints |
| D．if its distributors challenge FDA’s authority |
The Relaxacisor is mentioned as_______.
| A．a product which was designed to produce electricity |
| B．a product whose distributor (批发商；批发公司) was involved in a legal case |
| C．a successful advertisement of a beauty product |
| D．an example of a quality beauty product |
The author intends to __________
A. make consumers aware of the promoters’ false promises
B. show the weakness of the law on product safety
C. give advice on how to keep young and beautiful
D. introduce the organization of FDA.
A year ago August, Dave Fuss lost his job driving a truck for a small company in west Michigan. His wife, Gerrie, was still working in the local school cafeteria (自助食堂), but work for Dave was scarce (不足的，缺乏的), and the price of everything was rising. The Fusses were at risk of joining the millions of Americans who have lost their homes in recent years. Then Dave and Gerrie received a timely gift—＄7,000，a legacy （遗产） from their neighbors Ish and Arlene Hatch, who died in an accident . “ It really made a difference when we were going under financially, ” says Dave.
But the Fusses weren’t the only folks in Alto and the neighboring town of Lowell to receive unexpected legacy from the Hatches. Dozens of (许多) other families were touched by the Hatches’ generosity. In some cases, it was a few thousand dollars ; in others, it was more than ＄100,000.
It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money, more than ＄3 million—they were an elderly couple who lived in an old house on what was left of the family farm .
Children of the Great Depression, Ish and Arlene were known for their habit of saving, They thrived on（喜欢）comparison shopping and would routinely go from store to store, checking prices before making a new purchase (购买) .
Through the years, the Hatches paid for local children to attend summer camp when their parents couldn’t afford it. “Ish and Arlene never asked if you needed anything,” says their friend Sand Van Weelden, “They could see things they could do to make you happier, and they would do them.
Even more extraordinary was that the Hatches had their farmland distributed (分发；分配). It was the Hatches’ wish that their legacy—a legacy of kindness as much as one of dollars and cents should enrich the whole community（社区）and last for generations to come.
Neighbors helping neighbors ——that was Ish and Arlene Hatch’s story. According go the text, the Fusses ______.
| A．were employed by a truck company |
| B．worked in a school cafeteria |
| C．were in financial difficulty |
| D．lost their home |
Which of the following is true of the Hatches?
| A．They had their children during the Great Depression |
| B．They gave away their possessions ( 财产；所有物) to their neighbors |
| C．They left the family farm to live in an old house |
| D．They helped their neighbors to find jobs |
Why would the Hatches routinely go from store?
| A．They decided to open a store |
| B．They couldn’t afford expensive things |
| C．They wanted to save money |
| D．They wanted to buy gifts for local kids |
According to Sand Van Weelden, the Hatches were ______.
| A．curious | B．optimistic | C．childlike | D．understanding |
What can we learn from the text?
| A．The Hatches would like the neighbors to follow their example |
| B．The summer camp was attractive to the parents |
| C．Sandy Van Weelden got a legacy form the Hatches |
| D．The community of Alto was poor |