On October 12, 1987, some Chinese scientists were working at the computers to look for information they needed. Suddenly they saw a lot of very bright spots(点 )crossing the computers’ screens. At the same time the computers were working much slower. To find out what was happening they stopped their work to check some parts of the computers. To their horror(恐惧), they found out that most of their stored information was got rid of( 除掉) by computer viruses! Obviously all these computers had been infected（感染 ） by computer viruses.
It is said that the computer viruses were made by a group of young man fond of playing tricks. They all had excellent education. They created the viruses just to show their intelligence.（才智）These kinds of computer viruses are named Jerusalem( 耶路撒冷 )Viruses. These viruses can stay in computers for a long time. When the time comes they will attack the computers by lowering the function(功能), damaging their normal programs or even getting rid of all the information.
We now come to know that Jerusalem Viruses often attack computers on Fridays and that they are spreading(传播) to a list of computers. Among the countries that suffering computer viruses are Britain, Australia, Switzerland and the U.S. But till now, how to get rid of the terrible remains a problem.The group of young men created the viruses to __________.
| A．damage the computers |
| B．test their ability |
| C．play a trick on operators of the computers |
| D．tell the world that they were intelligent |
According to the passage, computer viruses seem to _______.
| A．have been in nature for years |
| B．be difficult to get rid of at present |
| C．exist（存在） in any computers |
| D．be able to be got rid of in the near future |
The most serious damage caused by the viruses is that _______.
| A．all the information stored in the computers is gone |
| B．the computer’s functions are lowered |
| C．the normal programs are damaged |
| D．the computers infected by the viruses can no longer be used |
According to the passage, which of the following is true?
| A．Four countries found their computers were infected by viruses. |
| B．The viruses will come to a new computer after staying in the old one for some time |
| C．The Jerusalem Viruses are a great harm to human health. |
| D．Scientists are trying to find a way to get rid of the viruses |
No matter how well you understand a foreign language, misunderstanding still exists between native speakers and you. Here is such an example.
Three young Frenchmen were travelling in Britain. Though they had taken a few English lessons before their holiday, they were often in trouble because of their misunderstanding of English. One day they talked about their misfortunes (不幸) together.
The first Frenchman said, “I once heard someone shout ‘Look out’, I put my head out of a window and a bucket (一桶) of water fell on me.”
The second Frenchman said, “I was once in a ship and heard the captain shouted, ‘All hands on decks (甲板)’ I put my hands on the deck and someone walked on them.”
The third Frenchman said, “I once called early on an English friend and the maid (女佣) who came to the door said, ‘He’s not up yet’ When I went again for him, she said, ‘He’s not down yet’. I said, ‘If he’s not up and he’s not down, where is he?’ She said, ‘He’s still upstairs now. When I told you he was not up I meant he had not got up yet, so he has not come downstairs by now’ ”Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
| A．Misunderstanding of English |
| B．Three Young Frenchmen |
| C．Misfortunes of Three Frenchmen |
| D．A Few English Lessons |
When someone is calling “look out” to you，he probably wants you to ______.
| A．put your head out of the window | B．go away |
| C．receive a bucket of water | D．be careful |
The sentence “All hands on decks” may mean ______.
| A．you should put your hands on the deck |
| B．everyone should get ready |
| C．someone walks over one’s hands |
| D．someone is making fun of a foreigner |
Hank Viscardi was born without legs. He had not legs but stumps(残肢)that could he fitted with a kind of special boots. People stared at him with cruel interest. Children laughed at him and called him ‘Ape Man’ (猿人) because his arms practically dragged on the ground.
Hank went to school like other boys. His grades were good and he needed only eight years to finish his schooling instead of the usual twelve. After graduating from school, he worked his way through college. He swept floors, waited on table, or worked in one of the college offices. During all this busy life, he had been moving around on his stumps. But one day the doctor told him even the stumps were not going to last much longer. He would soon have to use a wheel chair.
Hank felt himself getting cold all over. However, the doctor said there was a chance that he could be fitted with artificial legs (假腿). Finally a leg maker was found and the day came when Hank stood up before the mirror, for the first time he saw himself as he has always wanted to be-a full five feet eight inches tall. By this time he was already 26 years old.
Hank had to learn to use his new legs. Again and again he marched the length of the room, and marched back again. There were times when he fell down on the floor, but he pulled himself up and went back to the endless marching. He went out on the street. He climbed stairs and learned to dance. He built a boat and learned to sail it.
When World War II came, he talked the Red Cross into giving him a job. He took the regular training. He marched and drilled along with the other soldiers. Few knew that he was legless. This was the true story of Hank Viscardi, a man without legs.Children laughed at Hank and called him ‘Ape Man’ because.
| A．he didn’t talk to them |
| B．he kept away from them |
| C．he couldn’t use his arms |
| D．his arms touched the ground while moving |
It can be inferred from the story that five feet eight inches tall is __.
| A．an average height for a fully grown person |
| B．too tall for an average person |
| C．too short for an average person |
| D．good enough for a disabled man |
The sentence “he talked the Red Cross into giving him a job” implies that the Red Cross.
| A．was only glad to give him a job |
| B．give him a job because he was a good soldier |
| C．was not willing to give him a job at first |
| D．gave him a job after he talked to someone whom he knew in the organization |
When Hank marched and drilled along with the other soldiers, he.
| A．took some special training |
| B．did everything the other soldiers did |
| C．did some of the things the other soldiers did |
| D．did most of the things the other soldiers did |
According to the Ministry of Health, 260 million Chinese people have chronic（慢性）diseases, and 85 percent of all deaths in China are caused by such diseases．Among them, cardiovascular（心血管的）disease has bothered more people than any other kind of chronic disease．
According to the WHO（World Health Organization), salt consumption（消耗）, one of the key causes of high blood pressure that can lead to cardiovascular disease, is much higher in China than in other countries．
Douglas Bettcher, the director of the WHO’s Tobacco Free Initiative, says, “The average Chinese person consumes about 12 to 14 grams （of salt) per day, while the suggestion of the WHO is consumption of less than 5 grams per day．High salt consumption is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and high pressure in China．
Changing the way that food is prepared could reduce salt consumption in China．
Another major risk factor in China is smoking．Dr Michael O’Leary, a representative of the WHO, says, “We know already that one million deaths in China are related to smoking, This is an enormous number．It means that we are seeing nearly 3000 deaths a day in China, or two deaths every minute, related to smoking．
According to O’Leary, about 26 percent of men who die from smoking-related diseases in China die before the age of 60．People who can still contribute a great deal, in other words, are dying too young．
China has tried to ban smoking , but more efforts are needed．
More than half of chronic diseases are preventable by changing lifestyles and reducing risks．The four key risk factors are: smoking, diets high in fats, salt and sugar, environments that prevent physical activities, and alcohol consumption．These are the areas on which efforts to make changes need to concentrate．Which of the following is more in China than in other countries?
| A．The amount of salt consumed |
| B．The number of deaths caused by high blood pressure． |
| C．The number of people with cardiovascular disease． |
| D．The number of people with high blood pressure． |
According to the WHO, how much salt should a Chinese person consume?
| A．About 12 to 14 grams per day． |
| B．Less than 5 grams per day． |
| C．About 17 to 19 grams per day． |
| D．About 7 to 9 grams per day． |
Why does O’Leary mention “26 percent of men” in Paragraph 6?
| A．To show China needs to try to ban smoking． |
| B．To show smoking causes the deaths of elderly people． |
| C．To show smoking causes the deaths of too many young people． |
| D．To show the number of smoking-related deaths in China is large． |
What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
| A．There are four causes of chronic diseases． |
| B．The change in lifestyles can prevent some chronic diseases． |
| C．No smoking or alcohol means no chronic diseases． |
| D．If we do physical activities, we will have no chronic diseases． |
We all need friends and we always have．Our ancestors found that gaining the basic necessities of life was easier in a group．It’s estimated that the maximum number of people who lived in early communities of hunter-gatherers was 150．
Friends aren’t bound（受……限制）by blood or family bonds, employment contracts or legal obligations．Our circle of associates includes work colleagues and people we meet at parties, in the pub or on the train to work．Some associates are much more important than our family．We are capable of exchanging an email with these associates, and may have mutual acquaintances with a good number of them, providing common ground．We do things for one another because we want to．Whether writing an answer to a photo put on Facebook, sending a birthday card by post, or making a hospital visit, the efforts we have made for our friends are out of kindness．It is this nature of friendship which requires nothing in return that makes it beneficial and valuable．
Friendships take work, and they need to be nurtured, nourished and maintained．We feel good about helping our friends because we are friends．However, we often lose touch with our friends because of a lack of time and energy．When we are carrying a heavy load at work, involved in a serious relationship or raising children, it’s hard to spare time for friends．In these situations, we need to remind ourselves of what friends are for and why they can be so important in our lives．
In a survey of more than 2,000 married couples aged 55 or older, for both men and women, having friends was the best predictor of being satisfied in marriage — possibly because they were more satisfied with their lives as a result of having friends．
Researchers suggest social relationships are the reason why women live longer than men, Social bonds reduce the risk of disease by reducing blood pressure, cholesterol（胆固醇）and heart rate．A lack of good friends is as harmful to your health as smoking or being overweight．Indeed, people without friends are more likely to die younger．Not only do friendships prolong（延长）our lives, they make us happier too．People who are socially active don’t feel so stressed or feel they can not enjoy anything easily — they also tend to feel better about their lives and who they are．What makes friendship beneficial and valuable?
| A．Its being not bound by blood or family bonds． |
| B．Its being easy to maintain． |
| C．The good we have done to our friends． |
| D．That we make efforts for friends out of kindness． |
What should we do when we have no time for friends?
| A．Quit our jobs． |
| B．Give our friends calls． |
| C．Remind ourselves of what friends are for． |
| D．Turn to our friends for help． |
What can we infer from the survey in the fourth paragraph?
| A．Having friends makes people satisfied in marriage． |
| B．The older people are, the more satisfied they are in marriage． |
| C．Married couples are more satisfied with their lives． |
| D．Married couples are easier to have friends． |
What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
| A．Friendships prolong our lives and make us happy． |
| B．Men should learn to be socially active． |
| C．Women live longer than men． |
| D．Women tend to be less stressed． |
Dolphins call out the specific names of loved ones when they become separated, a study finds．Other than humans, they are the only animals known to do this, according to the study．The big difference with dolphins is that these communications consist of whistles（鸣叫）, not words．
Earlier research found that dolphins have a “signature whistle” that would be somewhat like human shouting, “Hey everybody! I’m an adult healthy male named George, and I mean you no harm．”
The new finding is that dolphins also say the names of certain other dolphins．“Animals produced copies of the same sound when they were separated from a close partner．This supports our belief that dolphins copy another animal’s signature whistle when they want to reunite with that animal,” Stephanie King, who led the study, says．
King and her colleagues collected acoustic（声音的）data from wild dolphins around Sarasota Bay, Florida, from 1984 to 2009．The researchers also studied four adult male dolphins housed at the Seas Aquarium, also in Florida．
Those males are adults that keepers named Calvin, Khyber, Malabar and Ranier, all of whom, as well as all of the wild ones, developed their own signature whistles that served as names in communication with other dolphins．
“A dolphin uses its signature whistle to broadcast its identity and announce its presence．The signature whistles allow animals to identify one another over long distances and allow animals to recognize one another and to join up with each other,” King explains．“Dolphin whistles can be heard up to 20km away, depending on water depth and whistle frequency（频率）．”
The researchers said dolphins copy the signature whistles of loved ones, such as a mother, when the two are separated．These “names” are always used in positive situations, and are only directed toward loved ones．
While researchers are often unwilling to apply the word language to non-human communications, dolphins clearly have a very complex communication system．The underlined word “housed” in Paragraph 4 probably means “_________”．
| A．raised | B．saved | C．discovered | D．hunted |
Which of the following plays a part in whether dolphin whistles can be heard over a distance?
| A．The dolphin’s identity． |
| B．The water temperature |
| C．The whistle frequency． |
| D．The dolphin’s age． |
When do dolphins copy the signature whistles of loved ones?
| A．When there is a fight． |
| B．When their keeper comes． |
| C．When they are apart． |
| D．When they are hungry． |
Where is the passage probably taken from?
| A．A magazine about scientific advances． |
| B．A website about various animals． |
| C．A report on animal acoustics． |
| D．An essay about the relationship between humans and animals． |