Does style really sell? How can the appearance of a product be more important than what it does? The battle between form and function rose again when James Dyson, British inventor of the Dvson vacuum cleaner that has sold in millions around the world, resigned as chairman of London's Design Museum. It is widely believed that Mr. Dyson felt that the museum put too much stress on style at the expense of serious industrial design.
Mr. Dyson accused the museum of not keeping true to itself. He may be right, but these days, museums everywhere can no longer afford to be unique centers of scholarship and learning. Among competition for sponsorship, they must use exhibitions of populist culture, nice cafes and shops or, best of all, a new building by Frank Gehry to increase visitor numbers.
On the one hand, some producers can be too old-fashioned and too concerned with the importance of product engineering and the functionality of their goods. On the other hand, there are those who believe that how a product looks is more important. Design is indeed a broad term, involving both function and form. Typically, in any given product area, it changes from the former to the latter. Clothing is a good example. But surely you would have to be a very shallow person to think something's appearance is more important than what it does.
Today nearly all goods at any given price point do much the same job. So almost the only way producers can differentiate their products from those of their competitors is to create some sort of emotional connection with the consumer, which could be through the visual appeal of the product or its packaging, or the imagery(意象) created by advertising. And what of the Dyson vacuum cleaner? Mr. Dyson may believe that people buy these machines because of the graphs showing their superior suction, but most vacuum cleaners do a good job; the main reason people pay extra for a Dyson is that it is a vacuum cleaner with a fashionable brand. With its inside workings exposed, it is a bit like a Richard Rogers building with all its pipes shown in bright colors on the outside instead of being hidden inside. Functional it may be, but it is a bit of a trick, too.Mr. Dyson left the Design Museum because he thought the museum .
A.didn't increase the number of visitors |
B.couldn't provide scholarships for learners |
C.wasn't loyal to its original purpose of learning |
D.didn't have great appeal for serious industrial design |
What can we learn from Paragraph 4 ?
A.A product with convenient packaging sells well. |
B.The majority of consumers prefer to buy branded goods. |
C.Most similarly priced products are of a comparable standard. |
D.Emotion contributes much to the development of advertising industry. |
The author believes that people buy the Dyson vacuum cleaner because .
A.it has very good suction | B.it is fashionable |
C.it sells well around the world | D.it is invented by James Dyson |
What is the author's attitude towards the form of a product?
A.Optimistic. | B.Doubtful. |
C.Disapproving. | D.Objective. |
Monday: Here I am, in the middle of nowhere. This camping trip idea is not getting off to a very good start. It’s raining and the tent leaks. The hiking seemed to take forever, and I still can’t understand how it could all have been up hill! How did I ever let my brother talk me into this? When we get home—if we ever get home—he’s going to have to do something great to get back on my good side. Maybe he should sponsor a shopping spree(狂购)at the mall!
Tuesday: Things are looking up. The sun came out today, so we were able to leave the tents and dry out. We’re camped at the edge of a small lake that I couldn’t see before because of the rain and fog. The mountains are all around us, and the forest is absolutely beautiful. We spent most of the day dragging out everything out of our backpacks or tents and putting it where the sun could dry it out. Later in the afternoon we tried to catch the fish for dinner, but the fish were smarter than we were. At night we built a fire and sang songs happily.
Wednesday: We hiked to the far side of the lake and climbed to the top of a small peak. From there we could see how high the other mountains were and how far the forest spread around us. On the way up we passed through a snowfield!
Thursday: I caught my first fish! We followed the stream that fed the lake. After about two miles, we came to a section that Carol said looked “fishy”. She had a pack rod(竿), which can be carried in a backpack. I asked to cast it, and I caught a fish on my first try. Carol caught a few more. But they were just too pretty to eat for lunch so we put them back in the stream.
Friday: I can’t believe we are going home already. It will be nice to get a hot shower, sleep in a real bed, and eat junk food, but the trip has been wonderful. We’re already talking about another camping adventure next year where we canoe down a river. It’s hard to believe, but I think this city girl has a little country blood in her veins.The writer went on this camping trip because________.
A.she enjoyed camping |
B.she wanted to go fishing |
C.she was influenced by her brother |
D.she was tired of staying at home |
The whole morning of Tuesday, the writer ________.
A.hiked along the lake | B.dried out her belongings |
C.climbed the mountain | D.caught the fish for dinner |
It can be inferred that Carol had a pack rod with her because ________.
A.she could not afford to buy a regular fishing pole |
B.she needed it to get their main source of food |
C.she thought the writer of the journal might need it |
D.she expected to go fishing while they were hiking |
It is likely that the writer will ________.
A.go on another camping trip |
B.invite Carol to go fishing together |
C.make her brother buy her something |
D.convince her brother to go camping |
Learners of English, especially self-taught learners may have trouble in understanding speeches by native speakers. The following ways might help improve their listening ability.
First of all, do things step by step. It is not good to listen to something beyond your level. Better choose a suitable course and start with the first book. Go on to the second book only after you are sure you understand the first one.
Secondly, stick to one course of study. Don’t change books often. Never let your attention be attracted by another course just because it seems to be more “fashionable”.
Thirdly, listen to the English news program over the radio from time to time. Better go through the news stories in the Chinese-language newspaper first. That will make it easy for you to understand the English news on the radio.
Fourthly, if you have time, listen to some interesting stories in “Special English from the V.O.A. or other listening materials of the same level as that of your textbook”.This is a piece of advice to learners of English on how to ________.
A.improve their listening ability |
B.read fast |
C.write better English and read faster |
D.speak correctly |
If you want to understand the English news program on the radio, you should ________.
A.read the Chinese-language newspaper step by step |
B.read again and again the Chinese-language newspaper |
C.go through the Chinese-language newspaper first |
D.be able to recite the Chinese-language newspaper |
The author advised that once you have taken up a course, you ________.
A.should stick to it |
B.should begin with the last book |
C.should take up other courses if they are more fashionable |
D.shouldn’t do anything else |
In this passage, V.O.A. stands for ________.
A.a book B. a magazine C. a text-book D. a radio station
If I raised the question, “What would be the last thing you would expect to happen while watching your son’s flag football game?” you probably still couldn’t come up with what happened to me and my family.
As we were sitting on the sidelines enjoying the game, a low-flying bird came swooping in attempting to land on my daughter’s head! It honestly came out of nowhere. We were seated by ourselves on the tree lined side of the field. I was able to calm my daughter’s shock and fear once I showed her that the bird was not some wild animal, it was in fact, somebody’s pet!
Now, we’re sitting at the outdoor fields of the Pontiac Silverdome, far from any populated area, wondering where this very social cockatiel, an Australian parrot (澳洲鹦鹉) could have come from. I walked up to the bird and put out my hand. Immediately, it hopped on and chirped in a friendly way. We looked around us and knew that we could not just leave and suppose that the bird would return to where it came from. This was a very domesticated bird that needed help or it would not survive.
The flag football game had ended so we walked the bird over to other groups of adults and asked if they knew of anyone who had lost a bird. All the kids were excited about the bird and fed it with some post game snacks. The bird’s nails were getting long and he was looking pretty dirty, so we knew it had been out here for a long time and was hungry. Since its wings were clipped, it could fly a little but probably not more than 100 yards or so at a try. We all just scratched our heads as a group wondering what to do with the lost bird.
We explained to the kids that this bird needed our help since it was someone’s pet and would not know how to get its own food, and it could not fly well since its wings were clipped. The kids understood, and all of them wanted to take the bird home! The parents however, knew this was not a good choice as one had a large dog, another two cats, etc. We explained to the kids that one of us could take the bird home for the night and then bring it to the Humane Society in the morning in hopes to connect it to its owners. We couldn’t keep the bird. It wasn’t ours. This was tough for the kids to understand at first. We couldn’t just leave the bird either. There was no way it could attend itself. The group of us sat around the Silverdome practice fields for quite a while trying to determine the best course of choice for the lost bird. It was getting dark out but no one was willing to leave that parking lot until we had a game plan for how to help the bird.
The owner of the football league, Chris Novak, offered to take the bird. It was extremely nice of him and he really stepped in to help while all the rest of us who had kids tugging on our shirts and begging to take it home. We took a box and put a bunch of holes in it and he brought it home for the night. Another mom went online and found a family that had lost a bird that looked just like the one we’d found. She emailed the info to Chris who got in touch with the family and the next day, reunited the bird with the family that lost it almost 3 weeks earlier! When Chris emailed us to let us know, we could not believe that this bird had traveled from The Rochester Tienken area all the way to the Silverdome!
We were so happy to be able to save this bird and get it back to its family. I showed my kids the email about how the other family got their pet back. The family has 3 kids who were so happy to see their bird. My kids realized what a nice ending this story had. Not only had we been able to save this bird’s life, but we were able to bring it back to the family that loves and misses him.
The life lesson in the missing bird story seemed to miss its mark with my kids at first. They were a little bummed out that they couldn’t keep the lost bird. I explained to them that when an animal or someone needs help, you just can’t turn a blind eye and hope everything works out OK. The “lost bird incident” was also a reminder to them that teamwork and the kindness of strangers can make a world of difference and that a group of well-meaning strangers can work together to help someone. It wasn’t a heroic act, but one that I knew had sunk in with my kids when they realized that trying to help was the best and only real course of action. What happened when the author watched his son’s football games?
A.A parrot tried to eat their food. |
B.His daughter was hurt by a parrot. |
C.A parrot flew towards his daughter. |
D.A parrot landed on his daughter’s head. |
The underlined word “domesticated” in the second paragraph probably means_______.
A.having been abandoned | B.having been used to home life |
C.having been used to life in the wild | D.having been week and hungry |
Who was the first one to find the bird’s owner?
A.The author | B.Chris Novak |
C.The Humane Society | D.A participant’s mother |
What can be learned from the “lost bird incident”?
A.Strangers can also work well together. |
B.Humane Society helps children in teamwork. |
C.Children can keep lost injured pet birds home. |
D.Helping others is always regarded as a heroic act. |
What did the author want to tell in the text?
A.How to help a lost parrot to find home. |
B.The experience of watching a football games. |
C.The importance of teamwork and helping others. |
D.How a parrot can fly a long distance from home. |
The best title of the text should be________.
A.What Animals Can Teach Us |
B.Complete Care for a Lost Bird |
C.Life Lessons When You Least Expect It |
D.Love First, Teamwork and Kindness Second |
The engineer Camilla Olivetti was 40 years old when he started the company in 1908. At his factory in Ivrea, he designed and produced the first Italian typewriter. Today the company’s head office is still in Ivrea, near Turin, but the company is much larger than it was in those days and there are offices all around the world,
By 1930 there was a staff of 700 and the company turned out 13.000 machines a year. Some went to customers in Italy, but Olivetti exported more typewriters to other countries.
Camillo’s son, Adriano, started working for the company in 1924 and later he became the boss. He introduced a standard speed for the production line and he employed technology and design specialist. The company developed new and better typewriters and then calculators(计算器). In 1959 it produced the ELEA computer system. This was the first mainframe(主机) computer designed and made in Italy.
After Adriano died in 1960, the company had a period of financial problem. Other companies, especially the Japanese, made faster progress in electronic technology than the Italian company.
In 1978, Carlo de Benedetti became the new boss. Olivetti increased its marketing and service networks and made agreements with other companies to design and produce more advanced office equipment. Soon it became one of the world’s leading companies in information technology and communications. There are now five independent companies in the Olivetti group—one for personal computers, one for other office equipment, one for systems and service, and two for telecommunications.From the text we learn that
A.by 1930 Olivetti produced 13.000 typewriters a year |
B.Olivetti earned more in the 1960s than in the 1950s |
C.some of Olivetti’s 700 staff regularly visited customers in Italy |
D.Olivetti set up offices in other countries from the very beginning |
What was probably the direct result of Olivetti’s falling behind in electronic technology
A.Adriano’s death | B.A period of financial problems |
C.Its faster progress | D.Its agreements with other companies. |
What do we know about Olivetti?
A.It produced the best typewriter in the world. |
B.It designed the world’s first mainframe computer. |
C.It exported more typewriters than other companies. |
D.It has five independent companies with its head office in Ivrea. |
The best title for the text would be
A.The Origin of Olivetti. | B.The Success of Olivetti. |
C.The History of Olivetti | D.The Production of Olivetti. |
Driving to a friend’s house on a recent evening, I was attracted by the sight of the full moon rising just above my friend’s rooftop. I stopped to watch it for a few moments, thinking about what a pity it is that most city people --- myself included --- usually miss sights like this because we spend most of our lives indoors.
My friend had also seen it. He grew up living in a forest in Europe, and the moon meant a lot to him then. It had touched much of his life.
I know the feeling. Last December I took my seven-year-old daughter to the mountainous jungle of northern India with some friends. We stayed in a forest rest house with no electricity or running hot water. Our group had campfires outside every night, and indoors when it was too cold outside. The moon grew to its fullest during our trip. Between me and the high mountains lay three or four valleys. Not a light shone in them and not a sound could be heard. It was one of the quietest places I have ever known, a bottomless well of silence. And above me was the full moon, which struck me deeply.
Today our lives are filled with glass, metal, plastic and fiber-glass. We have television,
cell phones, pagers, electricity, heaters and ovens and air-conditioners, cars, computers.
Struggling through traffic that evening at the end of a tiring day, most of it spent indoors, I thought, “Before long, I would like to live in a small cottage. There I will grow vegetables and read books and walk in the mountains. And perhaps write, but not in anger. I may become an old man there, and wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled and measure out my life in coffee spoons. But I will be able to walk outside on a cold silent night and touched the moon.”The best title for the passage would be _________.
A.Touched by the Moon | B.The Pleasures of Modern Life |
C.A Bottomless well of Silence | D.Break away from Modern life |
The writer felt sorry for himself because __________.
A.there was too much pollution. |
B.he failed to see the fullest moon. |
C.he didn’t adapt to modern inventions |
D.there were too many accidents on the road. |
What impressed the writer most in the mountainous jungle of northern India?
A.No modern equipment. | B.Complete silence. |
C.The nice moon. | D.The high mountain. |
Modern things are mentioned mainly to ___________.
A.show that the writer likes city life very much. |
B.tell us that people greatly benefit from modern life. |
C.explain that people have less chances to enjoy nature. |
D.show that we can also enjoy nature at home through them. |
The author wrote the passage to __________.
A.express the feeling of returning to nature. |
B.show the love for the moonlight. |
C.advise modern people to learn to live. |
D.want to communicate longing for modern life. |