[1] As adolescents(青少年), having a meaningful effect on the world can seem like an impossible task for the simple fact of being kids. Changing the world does not only mean finding a cure for cancer, eliminating poverty, or finding the origin of humanity, but recycling a piece of paper as well. Going Green is a practical way that adolescents can have a real, meaningful influence in the world. There are numerous options of how individuals can change their lifestyles to be more eco-conscious(有生态环保意识的). What follows are three simple ways young adolescents can go green and change the world.
1. Recycle
[2] According to a Wire & Twine online article, 63 million newspapers come out every day and of those 44 million are thrown away; recycling the Sunday newspaper alone we could save half a million trees a week.
[3] The age of technology constantly creates new phones, iPods, or new computers. Many will stand in line for hours if not days to get their hands on the new piece of technology, but what happens with the old ones once they are replaced? Nothing, according to Earth911 about 75% of the old devices sit in the back of a drawer collecting dust. By taking them to the local stores that collect them, they go to poor people which in turn removes them from landfills(垃圾填埋场) where the phones explode because of the lead and lithium-ion(锂离子) the phones contain.
2. Go vegetarian one day a week
[4] Instead of breaking down the pros and cons(利弊) of the vegetarian lifestyle into a long boring paragraph, here are some astonishing facts on going vegetarian for only one day. According to Noam Mohr, a physicist at the New York University, the United States would save 100 billion gallons of water which is enough to supply all homes in New England for about 4 months.
[5] The United States would save 70 million gallons of gas which is enough to fuel all the cars of Canada and Mexico combined and still have some to spare. The United States could prevent 3 million tons of soil erosion(侵蚀), 4.5 million tons of animal wastes, and about 7 tons of ammonia emissions (氨排放). The Environmental Defense concludes with the most interesting fact: if the entire population gives up one meal of chicken, the amount of carbon dioxide accumulated would be the same amount if more than half a million cars were taken off U.S. roads.
3. 第6题
[6] Most drink bottled water because of the common view that bottled water is healthier than regular tap water; actually, 25% of bottled water comes from regular tap water and all that is done extra is it going through a filter(过滤器). Tap water has higher regulations from the FDA (Food and Drug Administration美国食品药品管理局) than bottled water does. Companies do not need to list where they got the water from, how they purify the water, or what chemicals their plastic water bottles contain. Plastic bottles do not get recycled 90% of the time which results in 1.5 million tons of plastic in landfills which take thousands of years to rot. Not only are you drinking the same water as that in your house but also paying extra. The average 24-pack of bottled water cost $3.97 at the local Wal-Mart and a reusable water bottle cost between $4.99-$7.99; just imagine how much money could be saved if reusable water bottles replaced plastic water bottles.
[7] Changing the world for a positive has to start somewhere and while it may be hard and at times it may seem as if the small changes that are being done are not affecting the world, keep in mind what Margaret Mead once said, “Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful citizens can change the world; indeed, it’s the only thing that ever has.”What’s the whole passage mainly talked about?
| A．Ways to protect environment. | B．Ways to become powerful. |
| C．The importance of recycling. | D．The importance of saving water. |
What’s the meaning of the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1?
| A．Changing the world involves many questions. |
| B．It’s not easy to change the world. |
| C．Changing the world is not so difficult. |
| D．We can actually do everything. |
How much of the daily newspapers are thrown away according to Paragraph 2?
| A．About 44%. | B．About 63%. | C．About 70%. | D．About 75%. |
In the article, the writer _____ to tell us the benefits of the vegetarian lifestyle.
| A．does a lot of reasoning | B．uses many facts |
| C．borrows VIPs’ phrases | D．puts forward new ideas |
What’s the benefits of giving up just one day of eating meat according to Paragraph 4 and 5?
| A．Much water and gas would be saved. | B．Much land would be spared. |
| C．More animals would survive. | D．More cars would be on the roads. |
Which of the following can be the subtitle(小标题) of Paragraph 6?
| A．Drink healthy water | B．Produce bottled water |
| C．Give up bottled water | D．Reuse tap water |
Why do many people choose to drink bottled water according to Paragraph 6?
| A．They think it’s cheaper. |
| B．They think it’s healthier. |
| C．They think it’s more fashionable. |
| D．They think it’s environmental friendly. |
What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
| A．We should find a proper time to start action |
| B．Small changes will make big differences. |
| C．Personal efforts will not affect the world. |
| D．A small group of people matters. |
III 阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Most children, even the youngest of children, are delighted to be around cats and dogs. But these pets carry plenty of germs and allergens(过敏原), prompting researchers to ask: Are cats and dogs really safe for children?
A study finds that, contrary to many parents’ fears, owning cats or dogs does not increase a child’s risk of developing allergies, and in fact, may actually protect them. The study’s lead author, Dr. Dennis Ownby of the Medical College of Georgia, said that even he was “very surprised” by the results. Ownby and colleagues followed more than 470 children from birth to age 6 or 7, comparing those exposed to cats and dogs during their first years of life to those who were not.
By using skin-prick tests for detecting common allergies, the researchers found that, contrary to what many doctors had been taught for years, children who had lived with a pet were not at greater risk.
Even more remarkable, children who had two or more dogs or cats had an even greater reduction, up to 77 percent, in risk of allergies. Researchers suggest this protective effect may be the result of early exposure to lots of bacteria that are carried by dogs and cats. Exposing young children to these bacteria helps “exercise” their immune（免疫的） systems early in life so that they’re better able to resist allergic diseases later.
“There’s something very important in the first years of life when the immune system is developing that we can retrain it away from an allergic response,” said Dr. William Davis.
And while researchers are not encouraging parents to buy dogs or cats just to reduce a child’s allergy risk, they say if a family already has one or more animals, there’s no need to get rid of them.
41. Why do the researchers feel “very surprised” by the results of the study?
A. Because the results are contrary to what they have expected.
B. Because so many families are going to get rid of their cats and dogs.
C. Because parents are so much worried about their children.
D. Because children with animals may develop allergies easily.
42. Compared with children who have pets, those who haven’t ________.
A. will lose the chance to develop immune system
B. may suffer allergic diseases more often
C. will reduce the harm from bacteria
D. are more likely to resist allergic diseases
43. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. pets are ill-treated by their owners
B. fewer families would like to own cats and dogs
C. keeping pets is a good way to keep children healthy
D. the results of the study can make families with pets feel at ease
44. The underlined word “it” in the fifth paragraph refers to ________.
A. the early life B. an allergic disease
C. immune system D. something important
45. What may be the best title of the passage?
A. How to protect your kids from allergies.
B. Your pets may be helping your kids.
C. Bacteria do good to your kids.
D. Advantages of owning pets.
When a 13-year-old Virginal girl started sneezing, her parents thought it was merely a cold. But when the sneezes continued for hours, they called in a doctor. Nearly two months later the girl was still sneezing, thousands of times a day, and her case had attracted worldwide attention.
Hundreds of suggestions, ranging from “put a clothes pin on her nose” to “have her stand on her head” poured in. But nothing did any good. Finally, she was taken to Johns Hopkins Hospital where Dr. Leo Kanner, one of the world’s top authorities on sneezing, solved the baffling (难以理解的) problem with great speed.
He used neither drugs nor surgery for, curiously enough, the clue for the treatment was found in an ancient superstition(迷信) about the amazing bodily reaction we call the sneeze. It was all in her mind, he said, 
a view which Aristotle, some 3,000 years earlier, would have agreed with heartily.
Dr. Kanner simply gave a modern psychological interpretation to the ancient belief that too much sneezing was an indication that the spirit was troubled; and he began to treat the girl accordingly.
“Less than two days in a hospital room, a plan for better scholastic and vocational（职业的） adjustment, and reassurance about her unreasonable fear of tuberculosis（肺结核） quickly changed her from a sneezer to an ex-sneezer,” he reported.
Sneezing has always been a subject of wonder, awe and puzzlement. Dr Kanner has collected thousands of superstitions concerning it. The most universal one is the custom of begging for the blessing of God when a person sneezes— a practice Dr. Kanner traces back to the ancient belief that a sneeze was an indication that th
e sneezer was possessed of an evil spirit. Strangely, people over the world still continue the custom with the traditional, “God bless you” or something else.
When scientists look at the sneeze, they see a remarkable mechanism（身体机制） which, without any conscious help from you, takes on a job that has to be done. When you need to sneeze you sneeze, this being nature’s clever way of getting rid of an annoying object from the nose. The object may be just some dust in the nose which nature is trying to remove.
51. The girl sneezed continuously because she __________.
A. was ill B. was mentally ill
C. had heavy mental burden D. had attracted world-wide attention
52. When the girl began to sneeze continuously, ___________.
A. a lot of people offered their advice
B. she was taken to John Hopkins Hospital
C. she was given a treatment found in ancient superstition
D. many doctors treated her in different ways
53. Dr. Kanner cured the girl by ___________.
A. using Aristole’s method B. giving her psychological treatment
C. practicing superstition D. treating her tuberculosis
54. When a person sneezes, we say “God bless you” because____________.
A. it’s a tradition B. the person is possessed of an evil spirit
C. the person is ill D. God will bless those who sneeze
55. According to scientists, people sneeze because _____________.
A. they are ill B. to sneeze is human nature
C. they do not need any conscious help D. there are unwanted things in their noses
Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but — regardless of whether it is or isn’t — we won’t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments(承诺) to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less l
ikely they are to be observed.
Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth,” as if merely recognizing it could put us a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and — without major technological breakthroughs — we can’t do much about it.
From 2003 to 2050, the world’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions(排放) (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. But that’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else’s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.
No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they’re “doing something.” Con
sider the Kyoto Protocol(京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t. But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories(签字国) didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.
The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.
The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don’t solve the engineering problem, we’re helpless.
46. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?
A. It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.
B. It is an issue requiring worldwide commitments.
C. Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.
D. Very little will be done to bring it under control.
47. According to the author’s understanding, what is Al Gore’s view on global warming?
A. It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.
B. It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.
C. It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.
D. It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.
48. G
reenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050 because of ________.
A. economic growth
B. wasteful use of energy
C. the widening gap between the rich and poor
D. the rapid advances of science and technology
49. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, ________.
A. politicians have started to do something to better the situation
B. few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use
C. reductions in energy consumption (消耗) have greatly cut back global warming
D. international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems
50. What is the message the author intends to convey?
A. Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.
B. The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology.
C. The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.
D. People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.
President Coolidge’s statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to a very important truth today—that business organizations have more prestige in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions still possess this great prestige?
One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the idea of competition than other organizations in society. Since competition is seen as the main source of progress and development by most Americans, competitive business organizations are respected. Competition is not only good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American values, such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.
Competition protects the individual freedom by making sure that there is no monopoly(垄断) of power. Compared with one and all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for benefit. If one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to the competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Since there are many businesses competing for the customers’ dollars, they cannot afford to treat them unfairly and the customers would lose nothing.
A contrast(对比) is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it gives more support for freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people while business leaders are not. Many Americans believe that competition is as important, or even more important, as democracy(民主) in protecting freedom.
Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the idea of equal opportunities. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to any person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American choice of the higher social position which is not based on one’s family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equal opportunities.
76. Which of the following is discussed as the main topic in the passage?
A. Competition in America’s business B. Freedom in America’s business
C. Americans’ different values D. Business against government
77. Americans believe that they can realize their personal values ________.
A. when given equal opportunities
B. through doing business
C. by protecting their individual freedom
D. by means of competition
78. The underlined word “prestige ” in the first paragraph probably means ________.
A．reputation B. opportunity C. equality D. competition
79. Who can benefit from business competition?
A. Businessmen who compete
B. Customers of those businesses
C. People with the idea of equality and freedom
D. Both business organizations and government
80. It could be inferred from that the author believe ________.
A. business in other countries are not as competitive as those in the USA
B. business problems are very important to the American government
C. the competition in business plays a very important role in America
D. American business is the most powerful one in the whole world
A young man named Charles Lyell had different ideas. He wrote a book about them called Principles of Geology. The earth，according to Lyell，was not only thousands of years old，it was millions of years old. As to the common belief that changes in the earth’s surface happen suddenly because of a single earthquake or flood，he said that this might happen once in a while，but usually these changes took place very slowly. He believed that the surface of the earth had been changing from the beginning of time. The changes，he said，were caused by the long-term action of the winds and seas，and by forces such as volcanoes breaking out under the earth’s surface. Once in a great while he thought，a mountain might appear for the first time after an earthquake. But usually mountains would rise slowly and steadily.
Professor Henslow was interested in Lyell’s ideas，but he did not actually believe them. Charles Darwin could not make up his mind about them. But they set him thinking along lines which would later change the beliefs of thoughtful people all over the world.
At Cambridge，Charles Darwin studied just enough to pass the examination，and received his college degree in 1831.During this time，he had become more and more interested in geology. At the end of the school year，he went to North Wales with one of his teachers to examine the rock formations (构成) and to search for fossils. Fossils are the remains of ancient living things. They are usually found fixed in rocks in the earth’s crust (地壳). Fossils may be of animals，such as fish，insects，birds，or humans. They may be of plants from tiny leaves to huge trees.
When a living creature dies，it usually decays (腐烂)or is eaten by animals. However，if it sinks into a riverbed or is quickly covered by the blowing sands of a desert storm，the bones are kept up in the earth. Over many years the soft inner parts of a bone disappear，leaving the inside hollow. Water containing mineral enters into the hollow. Slowly the mineral hardens and makes the bone hard and heavy，like stone.
71.According to Charles Lyell，it is mainlythat the earth has been formed like today’s shape.
A. from the beginning of time B. past some experiences of big flood
C. over a very long period of years D. because of several big earthquakes
72.Charles Lyell believed the fact that a mountain is formed .
A. more by seas than by volcanoes B. more slowly than suddenly
C. more by an earthquake than by winds D. more steadily than quickly
73.Unlike Professor Henslow，Charles Darwin .
A. never thought Lyell’s ideas were right
B. did made up his mind not to accept Lyell’s ideas
C. thought about what the world were then thinking about
D. thought over Lyell’s ideas and developed them
74.The main purpose of Darwin’s going to North Wales was to .
A. make a study of fossils
B. appreciate the rock formation
C. to do research work into dead animals
D. look for plants from tiny leaves to huge trees
75.In which order are fossils formed?
a. A living thing sinks into a riverbed or sands.
b. Water goes into a bone hollow together with mineral.
c. Something soft in a bone disappears.
d. The hardened mineral makes the bone hard.
e. The bone becomes hollow inside.
A.a b c d e B.c a b e d C.a c e b d D.e c d b a