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Human beings have a natural desire to explore the unknown. People with a strong interest in space like to say it is the last place left to explore. But scientists are warning that space exploration for long periods is not going to be easy. They say the human body is not designed to stay in space over an extended period.
The New York Times recently published a report about scientists who are preparing astronauts for a trip to the Moon. The newspaper said the scientists want to make sure that their crews return home in good health. But there are many problems to be solved before people are ready for long trips to the Moon, an asteroid or even the planet Mars.
Humans developed on a planet with a surface that is more than 70 percent water. Our bodies are also about 70 percent water. When there is no gravity that water moves up toward the head, raising pressure in the skull. Arms and legs grow weaker at what is called zero gravity because they no longer need to push against the force of gravity.
Five years ago, astronauts who spent weeks in space reported a change in their eyesight. These astronauts were members of the crew on the International Space Station. Research showed a change in the shape of their eyes. Normally-round eyeballs had become flat during time in space. The research also showed that the right eye was affected more than the left, and that men were more affected than women. Scientists could not find an explanation for the differences.
Bone loss was one of the problems first reported by astronauts returning to Earth after longer stays in space. So scientists designed exercise machines to use on the space station. Tests showed that the exercise equipment helped space travelers keep their bones almost as strong as when they left Earth.
There are other health issues for astronauts who spend a long time in space. They may have problems eating and sleeping. But the biggest health issue is exposure to radiation. On Earth, human beings are protected by the atmosphere and the planet's magnetic field. In outer space, there is no such protection.
What is the main idea of the passage?

A.Long periods in space will affect the health of astronauts.
B.Scientists are trying to find out how to protect astronauts.
C.Space is dangerous to human beings.
D.People shouldn’t explore space.

What will happen to human bodies in space?

A.Arms and legs grow stronger at what is called zero gravity
B.Blood moves up toward the head.
C.Pressure in the skull will be raised.
D.All of the above.

The following are problems mentioned in the passage Except________.

A.bone loss B.loss of water C.eyesight D.exposure to radiation

Why did scientists design exercise machines to use on the space station?

A.To make sure that their crews return home in good health.
B.To help astronauts keep their bones almost as strong as when they left Earth.
C.To help astronauts get ready for long trips to the Moon, an asteroid or even the planet Mars.
D.To let astronauts adapt to the environment of space.

What is true according to the passage?

A.The biggest health issue is exposure to Sunshine.
B.Research showed a change in the size of their eyes.
C.The right eye was affected less than the left.
D.Men were more affected than women.
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Rae and Bruce Hostetler not only work very hard,they also relax just as well. Numerous vacations help the couple to maintain their health and emotional well-being一and it’s no surprise to health care professionals.
“Rest, relaxation, and stress reduction are very important for people’s well-being and health. This can be accomplished through daily activities, such as exercise and meditation, but vacation is an important part of this as well,” said primary care physician Natasha Withers from One Medical Group in New York. Withers lists a decreased risk of heart disease and improved reaction time as some of the benefits from taking some time off. “We also know that the mind is very powerful and can help with healing, so a rested, relaxed mind is able to help the body heal better,” said Withers.
Psychologists confirm the value of vacations for the mind. “The impact that taking a vacation has on one’s mental health is great,” said Francine Lederer, a clinical psychologist in Los Angeles who specializes in stress and relationship management. “Most people have better life perspective and are more motivated to achieve their goals after a vacation, even if it is a 24- hour time-out.” The trips could be good for their health, good for their family and good for their businesses.
The online travel agency Expedia conducted a survey about vacation time in 2010, and according to their data the average American earned 18 vacation days一but only used 14 of them. France topped the list, with the average worker earning 37 vacation days and using all but two of them. Americans, responses may not be surprising in a culture where long hours on the job often are valued, but that’s not always good for the individual, the family or the employer.
Psychologists have also found that people who don’t take enough time to relax may find it harder to relax in the future. “Without time and opportunity to do this, the nerve connections that produce feelings of calm and peacefulness become weaker, making it actually more difficult to shift into less-stressed states,” Mulhem said.
How did the author introduce the topic of the text?

A.By making comparisons. B.By giving an example.
C.By raising questions. D.By providing data.

Expedia’s survey shows that Americans _____.

A.dislike family gatherings
B.have the shortest vacation
C.enjoy as many vacations as the French
D.think much of spending long hours on the job

What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A.One should never wait to relax. B.Work and rest go against each other.
C.Time and opportunity wait for no man. D.A relaxed mind determines everything.

Aggressive pedestrians are in fact as dangerous as careless drivers. They cause traffic accidents, injury and death.
These dangerous walkers can be seen in any big city all over the world. About 69% of last year’s pedestrian deaths in the US occurred in urban areas. They cross streets ignoring “DON’T WALK” signals, suddenly appear without warning from behind parked vehicles, walk slowly at crossroads with cell phones attached to heads, blocking traffic.
These pedestrians and drivers share a common disregard for the rules of the road, both for selfish reasons. The drivers believe in the power of their machines. If their machines can go faster, they believe they have the right to go faster. If their machines are bigger, they believe they have the right to push smaller vehicles aside. Aggressive pedestrians, on the other hand, believe in the primacy(首位) of the individual, the idea that they are first in any environment, under any circumstances, even when they are on foot in a roaring tide of steel and rubber.
Last year, an estimated 5,220 pedestrians died in traffic accidents. Some 69,000 pedestrians were injured. On average, that worked out to one pedestrian killed in a traffic crash every 101 minutes, and one injured every eight minutes.
The good news is that the accident rate is dropping. For example, the number of pedestrians killed last year was 24 percent less than the number killed in traffic accidents a decade earlier. The bad news is that the basic causes of pedestrian deaths remain pretty much the same----disregard for traffic signals, inattention and crossing roads under the influence of alcohol and drugs. Alcohol, in fact, was involved in 46 percent of the traffic accidents that resulted in pedestrian deaths. Of those, 31 percent of the pedestrians were found to be drunk.
The bottom line is that the pedestrians must do more to protect their lives as well as the lives of other road users. They can start by obeying traffic signals, using marked cross-walks and calling a cab when they’ve had too much to drink.
The passage is mainly about _____.

A.how aggressive pedestrians cause traffic accidents
B.why so many Americans were killed on roads last year
C.what the traffic rules of the road about pedestrians were
D.who are to blame for pedestrian deaths, drunk drivers or the aggressive pedestrians

What is the pedestrians’ selfish reason for traffic jams?

A.They know all drivers are skilled and with great care.
B.They believe individuals are always first.
C.They think traffic rules have nothing to do with them.
D.They guess all vehicles will slow down at crossroads.

What was NOT the basic cause of pedestrian deaths in the US a decade ago?

A.Disregard for traffic signals B.Paying no attention to surroundings.
C.Crossing roads drunk. D.Overspeeding driving.

What word can best describe the author’s attitude to the traffic accidents caused by pedestrians?

A.Excited. B.Cold. C.Concerned D.Unconnected.

We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change for I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forbears (ancestors) prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.
The world is very different now, for man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forbears fought are still at issue around the globe, the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state but from the hand of God. We dare not forget today that we are the heirs(继承人)of that first revolution.
Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe (enemy) alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage and unwilling to disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage and unwilling to disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.
Let every nation know whether it wishes us well or ill that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty. This much we pledge (promise solemny) and more.
In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibility. I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.
And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. My fellow citizens of the world ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the Freedom of Man.
Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God’s work must truly be our own.
What should friends and foes know?

A.That the United States is powerful.
B.That a new generation of Americans are responsible for their government.
C.That the United States is governed by liberals.
D.The rights of man come from the hand of God.

What is Kennedy’s promise to the world?

A.To support liberty.
B.To abolish all forms of human poverty.
C.To visit each country at least once.
D.To support and friend.

What should citizens of the world ask of America?

A.How America can help them.
B.If America plans to invade their country.
C.What they can do for freedom.
D.What they can do for America.

Which of the following statement is NOT true according to the passage?

A.Human beings have the power to put an end to all forms of poverty.
B.We should remember we are the first revolution.
C.Our nation has always been committed to human rights.
D.We should assure the survival and the success of liberty.

The right to die
It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary(议会的) debates, Australia’s northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably sick patients who wish to die.
The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group's on line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: "We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn't just something that happened in Australia. It's world history."
The NT Rights of the Terminally III law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right to life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage(通过).
But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia - where an aging population, life extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part, other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia(安乐死). In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.
Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death, probably by a deadly injection or pill, to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed(诊断) as terminally ill by two doctors. After a "cooling off" period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally III law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. "I'm not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I'd go, because I've watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks," he says.
This passage is mainly about ________.

A.the development and function of euthanasia
B.the passage(通过)of a law on euthanasia and its worldwide influence.
C.some successful examples about euthanasia
D.conditions and procedures to perform euthanasia in Australia.

What does “observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling” mean?

A.Observers are taking a wait-and –see attitude towards the future of euthanasia.
B.There is a possibility of similar bills being passed in the US and Canada.
C.Observers are waiting to see the movement end up in failure.
D.The process of the bill taking effect may finally come to a stop.

During a “cooling off” period, a patient will _________.

A.wait for two doctors’ diagnosis
B.sign a certificate of request
C.think over his decision of euthanasia
D.turn to his doctors for more advice

What’s the author’s attitude towards euthanasia?

A.Hostile B.doubtful C.Favorable D.Indifferent


Volunteers Mentors are needed
Volunteer Centre Westminster is looking to recruit
enthusiastic volunteer mentors.
Mentoring training will be provided, support &
supervision is in place
For more information please contact Yohannes Hagos
On 0207 087 4351
Email johnnes@volunteer.co.uk
Mobile 07501227795


Join Us for the ABC 2011 Challenge
A 6 day Hike or Bike in South Africa.
21st-31st October in support of child burns victims.
For more information check out our website
www.abc2011 challenge.com
To join our team and receive a free welcome pack email
ABC2011@crippssears.com
The Phoenix Burns Project Registered Charity No:NPO:57-154
PBO:930031313


Volunteer for Advance and help us to
Improve quality of care that older people
receive in care homes.
Advocacy in Barnet Volunteer
Volunteer Advocate
Advocacy in Barnet offers a free, independent and
confidential advocacy service to all people over the age
of 18 living in the Borough of Barnet.
Advance-a voice for old people through Advocacy
provides advocacy to older people living in care homes
and other residential settings and accessing day centres
on a weekly basis. Advance does this by recruiting
volunteers over 50 years of age and training them to
become advocates.
To APPLY:www.advocacyinbarnet.org.uk
or Heena/Janet-0208 201 3415
or heena@advocacyinbarnet.org.uk
Next training round for introduction to Advocacy-end
of August 2011 followed by one day trainings in Mental
Capacity Act and Human Rights


Wanted: Volunteer Appropriate
Adults to support Vulnerable
Adults at Kingston Police Station
Kingston Advocacy is currently looking for new
volunteers to act as appropriate adults. Volunteers act
as appropriate adults for vulnerable adults who come
into contact with the police. The appropriate adults sit
with the vulnerable person when they are being
interviewed by the police to ensure that the interview is
conducted fairly and to facilitate communication
between the police and the vulnerable person. Unpaid
Volunteers are required 7 days a week and the scheme
operates from 0900hrs to 2330hrs. No Experience
Necessary! We will provide you with preparation and
support.
Further information please contact
Peter Pritchard, Scheme Coordinator
Siddeley House, 50 Canbury Park Road
Kinston upon Thames Surrey KT2 6LX
Tel no: 0208 549 1028
Email: peter@kag.org.uk
or rights@kag.org.uk Website: www.kag.org.uk


Which of the following does NOT provide training?

A.The ABC 2011 Challenge. B.Advance.
C.The Volunteer Centre Westminster. D.The Kingston Advocacy.

We learn from the ads that Advance wants volunteers who ______.

A.are over 18 years old B.have relevant experience
C.can come to help every week D.need only one day of training

What kind of person might apply to Kingston Advocacy?

A.One who hoped to be paid.
B.One interested in doing interviews.
C.One curious about police life.
D.One who can work late into the night.

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