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Almost anywhere in the world, you can probably see graffiti (涂鸦画). Although it’s usually more common in big cities, it can be found in almost any community, big or small.
The problem with graffiti art is the question of whether it’s really art. This isn’t always an easy question to answer, simply because there are so many different types of graffiti. While some simply consists of collections of letters, known as tags, with little artistic value, such examples are easy to find, especially on larger spaces such as walls.
If it weren’t for the fact that most graffiti is placed on private property without permission, it might be more commonly recognized as a legal form of art. Most graffiti, however, annoys the property owner, who is more likely to paint over it or remove it than accept it as art.
Many ways of removing graffiti have been developed, such as paints that dissolve graffiti paint, or make it easy to remove. Community groups and government departments often organize graffiti-removal teams.
It hardly makes sense to encourage artists to deface (丑化) private or public property; but perhaps there are ways to work with them rather than just oppose them. Graffiti artists can, for example, create murals (壁画) for property owners, and get paid for them.
Maybe we need to start at a very basic level, and find a way to encourage the creation of graffiti art on paper or canvas rather than on walls. After all, who would remember Monet or Picasso if they’d created their masterpieces on walls, only to have them painted over the next day? Finding a solution to such a complex problem is never going to be easy, but with more and more graffiti art being recognized in galleries around the world, we do need to try.
What would be the best title for this passage?

A.How to Be a Good Graffiti Artist.
B.Stop Removing Graffiti!
C.Do You Like Graffiti?
D.Is Graffiti Art?

The reason why people remove graffiti is that it ______.

A.makes buildings ugly B.has no artistic value at all
C.robs private property D.takes up too much space

In Paragraph 4, the underlined word "dissolve" is closest in meaning to ______.

A.change B.flow C.remove D.freeze

The example of Monet and Picasso are mentioned in the passage to indicate that ______.

A.they are world-famous artists
B.they are good at graffiti
C.walls are right places to keep their masterpieces
D.their works, if painted on the wall, might not be kept long

The writer’s attitude toward graffiti is that graffiti ______.

A.should be removed by more countries
B.should be saved on larger spaces
C.should be created only on paper or canvas
D.may be accepted as art
科目 英语   题型 阅读理解   难度 中等
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Several dollars equal nothing for some people, but make a difference for others. Steve has just lost his wife to cancer and everything they had is gone due to the treatment. He now lives in the shelter for the homeless. So we know each other.
Just like other homeless people, he didn’t think he needed anything. But once he mentioned to me he needed eye glasses. His voice hesitated a bit, he looked down, and it appeared like he thought such a request was just a dream. Too much to hope for? It was as if his wish were known by me only.
I submitted an application for him to a program that is supposed to provide a free eye examination and glasses. Three months later, I phoned to ask what was up with the appointment but they told me there was a cash flow problem until late summer.
Steve showed disappointment, thanked me and started to walk away. I said, “Hold on, I will figure out a way to get you an eye examination and glasses.” His face lit up a tiny bit. He had seen some of the things I have done for other people in our shelter and to me it looked like he might have a line of hope.
I took a picture of him and posted his picture and his story in the Twitter. In about 4 days, eight people from around the world donated $25 each and one person donated $40 and I made up the rest to get him an eye exam and glasses.
Steve picked up his glasses on Wednesday: May 11th, 2011. Today Steve has returned to a previous job he had in a nearby car wash. Because he now has glasses he will be able to see what he is doing while cleaning the vehicles. He is starting a second job at a pet center next week!
We can learn from the first two paragraphs that ______.

A.it took a long time to treat Steve’s wife
B.homeless people never ask for anything
C.Steve was too embarrassed to ask for help
D.the author and Steve have been friends for years

The program failed to satisfy Steve because ______.

A.it was already out of business
B.it had some trouble in finance
C.Steve didn’t submit the application himself
D.it’s not designed for people like Steve

What can be inferred from the passage?

A.The program was closed three months ago.
B.Steve used to work as a salesman in a car factory.
C.Steve got $240 in total from kind-hearted people.
D.The author might be a volunteer in the shelter.

The best title for the passage is probably ______.

A.Money can sometimes talk
B.Small help can really count
C.Two heads are better than one
D.God helps those who help themselves

The iPhone, the iPad, each of Apple’s products sounds cool and has become a fashion. Apple has cleverly taken advantage of the power of the letter “i” — and many other brands are following suit. The BBC’s iPlayer — which allows Web users to watch TV programs on the Internet — adopted the title in 2008. A lovely bear — popular in the US and UK — that plays music and video is called “iTeddy”. A slimmed-down version of London’s Independent newspaper was launched last week under the name “i”.
In general, single-letter prefixes have been popular since the 1990s, when terms such as e-mail and e-commerce first came into use.
Most “i” products are targeted at young people and considering the major readers of Independent’s “i”, it’s no surprise that they’ve selected this fashionable name.
But it’s hard to see what’s so special about the letter “i”. Why not use “a”, “b”, or “c” instead? According to Tony Thorne, head of the Language Center at King’s College, London, “i” works because its meaning has become ambiguous. When Apple uses “i”, no one knows whether it means Internet, information, individual or interactive, Thorne told BBC Magazines. “Even when Apple created the iPod, it seems it didn’t have one clear definition,” he says.
“However, thanks to Apple, the term is now associated with portability (轻便) .”adds Thorne.
Clearly the letter “i” also agrees with the idea that the Western World is centered on the individual. Each person believes they have their own needs, and we love personalized products for this reason.
Along with “Google” and “blog”, readers of BBC Magazines voted “i” as one of the top 20 words that have come to define the last decade.
But as history shows, people grow tired of fads(一时的狂热). From the 1900s to 1990s, products with “2000” in their names became fashionable as the year was associated with all things advanced and modern. However, as we entered the new century, the trend eventually disappeared.
People use iPlayer to ______.

A.listen to music
B.make a call
C.watch TV programs online
D.play computer games

We can infer that the Independent’s “i” is aimed at ______.

A.fashionable women B.young readers
C.old readers D.engineers

Nowadays, the “i” term often reminds people of the products which are ______.

A.environmentally friendly B.advanced
C.recyclable D.portable

The writer suggests that ______.

A.the popularity of “i” products may not last long
B.“i” products are often of high quality
C.iTeddy is a live bear popular in the US and UK
D.the letter “b” replaces letter “i” to name the products

From now on, never spend your precious time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings. Instead, realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born. Only you have the power to make those seeds grow.
The seeds, and the power to grow them,are contained in the best machine ever created: the human mind. Success is a choice and not a chance. You were born a winner. You can be a success if only you make the right choice.
You cannot be successful without first developing your self-esteem(自尊). Your level of self-esteem is always based on the degree of control that you are able to have over yourself, and thus over your life. People with low self-esteem are people who do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their lives. They are leaves tossed(摇摆) by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather.
You can control your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for everything that happens in your life. Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance. Successful people realize that they are responsible.
Everything happens as a result of something. If we can identify the cause, we can control the effect. We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe. One generally rises to the level that one expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence.
In short, in all areas of your life, whether they are financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success.
People with low self-esteem are compared to leaves because they______.

A.are easily affected by windy weather
B.are ready to change their minds
C.don’t have the power to face their fate
D.can’t control themselves

Losers would think that______.

A.their failure is only because of bad luck
B.they don’t make efforts to succeed
C.working hard will lead to success
D.success is the result of hard work

It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that______.

A.success is a chance
B.We are what we make us
C.thoughts and beliefs are the result of creative mind
D.developing confidence is the only way to future success

The last paragraph serves as______.

A.the proof of the author’s points
B.an introduction to another topic
C.the conclusion of the argument
D.a comparison between two views

Dear Dad,
Today I was at the shopping mall and I spent a lot of time reading the Father’s Day cards. They all had a special message that in some way or another reflected how I feel about you. Yet as I selected and read, it occurred to me that not a single card said what I really want to say to you.
You’ll soon be 84 years old, Dad, and you and I will have had 55 Father’s Days together. I haven’t always been with you on Father’s Day but I’ve always been with you in my heart.
You know, Dad, there was a time when we were separated by the generation gap. You stood on one side of the Great Divide and I on the other.
The Father-Daughter Duel shifted into high gear(档位)when you taught me to drive the old Dodge and I decided I would drive the 54 Chevy(雪佛兰) whether you liked it or not. The police officer who sent me home after you reported the Chevy stolen didn’t have much tolerance(容忍) for a stubborn 16 -year- old girl, while you were so tolerant about it, Dad, and I think that was probably what made it the worst night of my life.
Our relationship picked up when I married a man you liked, and things really turned around when we began making babies. Somewhere along the line, the generation gap disappeared. I suppose I saw us and our relationship as aging together, rather like a fine wine.
But the strangest thing happened last week. I was at a stop sign and I watched as you turned the corner in your car. It didn’t immediately occur to me that it was you because the man driving looked so elderly and weak behind the wheel of that huge car. It was rather like a slap(打) in the face delivered from out of nowhere. Perhaps I saw your age for the first time that day.
I guess what I’m trying to say, Dad, is what every son and daughter wants to say to their Dad today. Honoring a father on Father’s Day is about respect and sharing and acceptance and tolerance and giving and taking. It’s about loving someone more than words can say, and it’s my wish that it never had to end.
I love you, Dad.
Love,
Jenny
What caused Jenny to write the letter?

A.Getting along well with her father.
B.Failing to find a satisfactory card.
C.Visiting a card exhibition at a mall.
D.Being away on previous Father’s Day.

What does the underlined phrase “ turned around ” in Para. 5 mean?

A.Became better. B.Changed unexpectedly.
C.Went worse. D.Progressed unsteadily.

What can we learn from Para. 6?

A.Jenny seldom saw her father drive that huge car.
B.Jenny knew her father’s real age from that day on.
C.Jenny’s father slapped her on the face somewhere.
D.Jenny had never realized her father’s being weak.

Jenny wrote her father this letter to __________ .

A.inform him of their conflicts
B.apologize for her being stubborn
C.express her deep love to him
D.remind him of the early incident

Air pollution is a leading cause of cancer and classified among top human carcinogens (致癌物质), said the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is the World Health Organization's (WHO) cancer agency, on Oct 17,2013.“Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants,” the IARC's Dana Loomis said in a statement. “The results from the reviewed studies point in the same direction the risk of developing lung cancer is significantly increased in people exposed to air pollution.”
In 2010, lung cancer resulting from air pollution killed 223,000 people worldwide, and there was also convincing evidence that it increases the risk of bladder (膀胱) cancer. Loomis said people in Asia, Eastern North America, some places in Central America and Mexico, as well as North Africa have relatively high exposure(暴露). Developing countries with large populations and booming manufacturing sectors, such as China, are particularly at risk. This week, Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang province, became the first Chinese city to officially suspend classes due to serious smog, really good for teachers and students.
Many developed countries face similar problems, although to a lesser(较少的、次要的) degree than most developing nations. Between 91 and 96 percent of Europeans living in cities are exposed to levels of PM2.5—tiny particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers—that are higher than the WHO safety limits.
Although both the composition and levels of air pollution can vary dramatically from one location to the other, the IARC said its conclusions apply to all areas of the world. “Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide, this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay,” said Christopher Wild, director of the IARC.
What’s the main task of IARC?

A.To focus on cancer-causing substances.
B.To evaluate the air quality.
C.To study the developing risk of cancer.
D.To send signals to the international community.

The underlined word “suspend” in Paragraph 2 probably means ______.

A.accelerate B.acknowledge
C.delay D.decline

Why should the international community take action without further delay?

A.A large number of people worldwide are exposed to air pollution.
B.More and more people in developing countries are exposed to air pollution.
C.Developed countries face air pollution, the level of which is higher than the safety limits.
D.The composition and levels of air pollution vary from place to place.

What might be the best title of the passage?

A.PM2.5,bad effect.
B.Safety limits of air pollution.
C.Signals of air pollution.
D.Air pollution, cancer risk.

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