NelsonMandela,thefirstblackPre-优题课

Hot Dog is popular． It's not a dog， but a cooked sausage in a long piece of bread． Here are some stories and facts about it from English websites．

	HISTORY of Hot Dog		HOT DOG FUN FACTS
The 1600s A German called Johann Georghehner created the"dachshund"sausage．"Dachshund"is a German small long thin dog． The 1860s The very first hot dog ﹣the"dachshund"sausage in a roll﹣was sold by Germans in New York．It became popular in the US later． 1871 Charles Feltman，a German，started the first Coney Island hot dog stand．It made hot dogs known to more people． 1893 Chris Von Der Ahe started the American tradition of eating hot dogs at baseball parks，making hot dogs more popular． 1901 A New York cartoonist，Tad Dorgan，saw the red hot "dachshund" sausages sold on streets．He wanted draw picture of it，but he wasn't sure how to spell "dachshund"， so he simply wrote" Hot Dog"． It is widely believed how Hot Dog had its name． 1949 The first vegetarian hot dogs came out．	World record for eating hot dogs：73 in ten minutes
		Hot dogs were one of the first foods eaten on the moon!
	About 150 million hot dogs are eaten by Americans each July 4^th．
		About 21 million hot dogs were sold at American baseball parks in 2010．
	New Yorkers eat more hot dogs than any other city population in the US．

（1）Americans started the tradition of eating hot dogs at baseball parks in　　．

A．1871

B．1893

C．1901

D．1949

（2）It's believed that the name"Hot Dog "was created by　　．

A．Tad Dorgan

B．Charles Feltman

C．Chris Von Der Ahe

D． Johann Georghehner

（3）What can we know about hot dogs from the passage？　　

A．New Yorkers like eating hot dogs most in the world．

B．Germans eat about 150 million hot dogs each July 4^th．

C．A world record says someone ate 73 hot dogs in 10 minutes．

D．About 21 million hot dogs were sold in America in the 1860s．

Tourism （旅游业）is one of the world's largest industries． Many countries depend heavily on tourism as an important part of their economy（经济）， while other countries﹣such as some of the smaller Caribbean island nations﹣are almost completely dependent on tourism．

Despite its economic advantages，tourism has disadvantages， too． While countries spend millions attracting tourists， they are also under the pressure that tourism brings．

One of the biggest problems is environmental． The building of roads and hotels can quickly destroy those very beautiful places． Development on wetlands，for example， influences wildlife； forests disappear as they are cleared to make way for buildings and to provide fuel （燃料）． In addition， the tourist industry also puts a huge pressure on water people need． In dry Mediterranean areas， tourists use almost twice as much water as local people when swimming in the pool．

Tourism is also responsible for producing plenty of waste． Cruise ships in the Caribbean produce a lot of rubbish﹣more than 70，000 tons each year． It even has an influence on places far away like the Himalays，the word's highest mountain， which has more than 100 tons of rubbish sitting on it．

In spite of those problems， tourism can be good for communities and the environment． The park﹣entrance fees（费用）are paid for the protection of places of interest or the animals． What's more， tourism brings people closer to nature， and can give them a better understanding of the environment and the result of destroying it．This leads to pressure on local governments to protect these beautiful areas，and can result in the protection of endangered plants and animals． Also， it can provide people with more opportunities to find jobs in the tourist industry．

Although tourism has many advantages， it clearly has a bad influence as well． The challenge for local and national governments is to manage tourism so that communities can benefit economically， and yet at the same time， make sure that the tourist areas are kept for all to enjoy．

（1）Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4 mainly talk about the　　of tourism．

A．disadvantages

B．development

C．importance

D．survey

（2）The writer shows the waste problem is serious by　　．

A．telling stories

B．listing facts

C．asking questions

D．making comparisons

（3）According to Paragraph 5，which of the following are the advantages of tourism？　　

①The money from tourism is used to protect the environment．

②Tourism can help people better understand the local culture．

③People can get more chances to find jobs related to tourism．

④Humans and nature are becoming closer with the help of tourism．

A．①②③

B．①②④

C．①③④

D．②③④

（4）The writer advises the government to　　 at the end of the passage．

A．attract more tourists

B．care about the economy

C．develop the tourist industry

D．manage tourism well

Brooke wanted a dollhouse and some sugar cookies． So the 6﹣year﹣old asked Alexa to get them． Alexa wasn't her mom or babysitter． It was a voice﹣activated home assistant powered by AI（人工智能）．And it made Brooke's wishes come true． A few days later， much to her parents' surprise， a﹩170 dollhouse and four pounds of cookies showed up． They ate the cookies and gave away the dollhouse to a local hospital．And that's not the end of the story． When a news reporter told the story of what happened on TV， Alexa devices（设备）in many listeners' homes woke up and tried to order dollhouses!

Alexa isn't the only AI willing to serve you． Apple HomePod has Siri， Google Home has its Assistant， and the upcoming Galaxy Home device will have Bixby． People who

have these devices use them mainly for listening to music， checking the weather， and setting timers． According to a report from The Information， nowadays voice shopping is rare． But many scientists predict

a boom（增长）in voice shopping in the near future． Is that a good thing？

▲． You can shout out an order as soon as you think of it， even if you are cooking，cleaning， or driving． In addition， people with disabilities who are unable to use a keyboard or mouse can shop without any help．

But voice shopping has its disadvantages． Unwanted dollhouses aren't the biggest problem． It's usually very easy to cancel an order or return products． The thing that worries some people is that these assistants are always listening． They have to be able to respond when you want them． So they listen for "Alexa" or "OK Google" or another order． When they hear it， they start recording the conversation． Some have worried about what happens shopping habits？ And what if someone hacks（入侵） the device？ The CIA found a way to hack smart TVs to turn them into spies that listen all the time． Others could do the same with any smart device．

What do you think？ Are you ready to start voice shopping？

（1）From the passage， we know that Alexa　　．

A．can look after the baby

B．can cook delicious food

C．is a toy doll sold online

D．is one kind of AI device

（2）The underlined word "rare" in Paragraph 2 probably means　　．

A．unusual

B．expensive

C．harmful

D．impossible

（3）Which of the following is the best to fill in the "▲" in Paragraph 3？　　

A．Convenience is the main advantage of voice shopping

B．The cost of voice shopping is lower than other ways

C．The popularity of voice shopping is increasing

D．The technology of voice shopping needs improving

（4）Paragraph 4 mainly tells us that　B　 when people try voice shopping．

A．AI sometimes forgets people's orders

B．personal information might be hacked

C．It's difficult to cancel or return products

D．the needs for products can't be satisfied

"I am going to the store，Uncle Moti，" Mina said． "Do you want to come along？ You have not seen much of the neighborhood yet．"

Uncle shook his head． "No，thank you，" he said． "It is just too loud and crowded for me． Everyone is always on the go， while I am used to the peace and quiet of our village． I feel afraid out there，like a frightened（害怕的）child． " Mina sat on the sofa next to her uncle． "Tell me about the village，Uncle Moti，" she said． "Would I like it there？"

Uncle laughed． "Without a doubt， you would find it dull at first﹣the loudest sound is usually birdsong． The people I meet on the street are all people I know， and we stop and talk or go to the tea shop and have tea． There are not many shops， but the shopkeepers know all their customers． Everyone is friendly and has a smile for everyone else．"

"Sounds really nice，" Mina said． "But I think maybe it is not different in every way． I really wish you

would come with me， and I could show you why I say that．" Uncle sighed and got up， saying， "All right，Mina，I will go．"

Out on the street， cars zoomed by， some of them honking． Uncle looked very nervous at all the noise and activities，and Mina took his hand．

"Look，" she said，"there is my friend Nate， and coming down the street is my teacher， Ms． Sanchez．" Mina waved to Nate， who waved back， and called hello to her teacher． Then she led her uncle down the street to the store， where she greeted the shopkeeper． "Hi， Ms． Franklin， this is my uncle Moti，who has come here to live．"

"Over here，" Mina took her uncle's arm and led him across the street． A sign over a door read "Navid's Tea Shop．" Uncle smiled． They went in and sat at a table． They ordered tea， and Uncle sighed happily．

"Well，I see what you were trying to show me，" he said． "This neighborhood is your village． Now it will be mine too． It has friends， kind shopkeepers， birds， and even a tea shop…．"

（1）At first， Uncle Moti didn't want to go out with Mina because　　．

A．he missed his family in the village

B．he fell very tired after a long journey

C．he didn't get used to the life in Mina's neighborhood

D．people in Mina's neighborhood were unfriendly to him

（2）From the underlined sentences in the passage，we can infer（推断）that Mina is a　　girl．

A．brave

B．caring

C．creative

D．humorous

（3）The sentence "　　" in the passage shows that Mina's neighborhood and Uncle's village are similar．

A．I feel afraid out there， like a frightened child．

B．You would find it dull at first﹣the loudest sound is usually birdsong．

C．Out on the street，cars zoomed by，some of them honking．

D．It has friends， kind shopkeepers， birds， and even a tea shop．

（4）The story suggests that Uncle Moti will probably　　 later on．

A．still feel frightened as before

B．start to look for a job in a tea shop

C．be willing to go out in Mina's neighborhood

D．tell people why he came to Mina's neighborhood

STUDY HELP

For many tests and exams， you are tested on your abilities to communicate successfully． In order to speak English fluently， you need to think in English． If you don't， your speech will be slow and it won't sound natural． Here are some things you can do to practice thinking in English．

•Look at objects around your home and school， and think of what they are called in English． Try to make a direct connection between the object and the English word．

•When you are out in a public place， practice describing the things and people you see in your mind． For example， think，"There is a man walking down the street． He's wearing a suit．I think he is going to work．" Try to think in English first， not in your first language．

•When you have to say something in English， think first and ask yourself，" What words and phrases do I know in English that I can use in this situation？" Try not to think in your first language and translate your ideas into English． If you do， you will get frustrated very quickly．

Try these tips and you'll soon find that you are thinking in English．

（1）The passage is most probably written to　　．

A．students

B．teachers

C．parents

D．reporters

（2）The writer gives some advice on how to　　．

A．greet people in English

B．practice thinking in English

C．write an article in English

D．improve English listening skills

（3）The passage above might be from the　　column（栏目）in a magazine．

A．News Corner

B．Story Garden

C．Language World

D．Technology Square

Nelson Mandela’s Life
Time	Events
July 18, 1918	Was born in a rich family in South Africa
1944	Became a member of ANC
October 15, 1962	Was put into prison for opposing the white only government
February 10, 1990	Was set free—got out of the prison
1992	Visited China for the first time
1993	Won the Nobel Prize for Peace
May 9, 1994	Became the first black president of South Africa
December 5, 2013	Died at his home