阅读下面的短文并用英语回答
[1] Nowadays the cost of a new car has fallen in real terms so that it is cheaper than ever to own one, and better road conditions have also attracted more drivers. The result is overcrowding on the road system, which is one of the problems the local governments are faced with.
[2] When people travel to other towns, the problem might be relieved by getting them to park outside the town. Buses could be provided to take them into the centre. These Park and Ride projects are increasingly popular in the UK. At Southerton, for example, a council-funded project led to a 15% drop in city centre traffic over five months.
[3] What the council found, though, was that the project proved somewhat unpopular with shop owners in the area outside the centre. Many of their shops relied on passing car drivers for some of their trade. As the number of people driving past dropped, so did their incomes.
[4] Making car driving expensive is another way of ____________. Road taxes tend to mean that people use their cars less. Fining drivers who are in areas where cars have been banned can also tend to encourage them to leave their cars behind.
[5] However, one thing has to be got right for any solution to succeed. If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on. Constant delays, unannounced changes to the timetable and sudden cancellations all discourage people from using public transport. People will only see it as a real choice if the buses and trains are on time.
What causes overcrowding on the road system according to Paragraph 1? (no more than 12 words)
What should people do when traveling to other towns according to the Park and Ride projects? (no more than 10 words)
Why were some shop owners unhappy about the project? (no more than 10 words)
Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4. ( no more than 8 words)
Why are people unwilling to use public transport according to Paragraph 5? (no more than 8 words)
Paul Lucas can often be seen walking around the city of San Francisco. Sometimes people are surprised to see him walkingany shoes or socks,
Lucas doesn’t mind at all.
likes to walk barefoot, and so do 640 other members of Dirty Sole Society, the club that Lucas
(start) years ago. Lucas’ idea for this is to encourage others to live
(free) --- free of shoes.
According to Lucas, the barefoot life has many advantages.most important is simply that it feels good. He also says
walking barefoot allows you to experience the world directly by touching it with your feet.
addition, the feet do not smell so much because they stay dry,
(make) it hard for bacteria to grow. And, of course, walking barefoot keeps your feet in good shape, so it’s actually
(healthy) than wearing shoes.
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格填入最恰当的单词。
注意：每空格一个单词。
Eat more, Play more—Weight Less
In the United States, 20 to 40 percent of the adult population have a “weight problem”. To many people, the cause seems obvious: we eat too much. But scientific evidence does little to support this idea.
Several modern studies have shown that fatter people do not eat more on average than thinner people and that slim people are more active than fat people.
I believe that this shows overweight people can become relatively slim gradually via a progressive program of regular exercise. The key is regular, enjoyable activity.
Use of energy(calories) by the body falls into two categories. The first is energy used for essential bodily functions—digestion, heart beat, breathing—and BMR(新陈代谢). In an average-sized adult, BMR requires about 1400 calories per day.
The second category is energy used for physical activity—standing, walking and all other movements. Together with the BMR, it makes up total calorie use, which should be balanced by food intake for weight to remain stable.
For years now, we have known that dieting—especially severe dieting(400 calories per day, for instance)—decreases BMR. This is the body's defense system to keep energy when food supply is reduced. Unfortunately, it tends to weaken the diet's effects by enabling the body to “get by” on fewer calories. For this reason, I believe that severe dieting is not a good way to lose weight, and all dieting should be seen as a temporary measure.
In addition to helping weight loss and continued weight control, regular exercise has many other features to recommend it. While weight loss by dieting alone results in some loss of muscle as well as fat, weight loss by exercise and moderate dieting leads to an increased proportion（均衡）of muscle mass. The regular exerciser has good heart function too.
Regular exercise helps to raise blood levels of high－density lipoprotein(HDL) and increased exercise leads to increased food intake and thus to increased intake of critical nutrients (营养).
The benefits of eating more because of an increase in physical activity are not widely appreciated. Many people in this country, by actual measurement, have remarkably low calorie intake. Often the amount is so low (1 200 to 1 800 calories a day) that nutritionists worry about the adequacy(足够的)of their vitamin and mineral intake. And too little food, with inadequate fiber content, leads in the old population to chronic constipation(长期便秘)．
To sum up, most Americans still get too little regular exercise, and it is within this group that almost all obesity is found. Severe dieting should not be used as it is unpleasant and tends to be self-defeating. Moderate dieting combined with regular exercise is much more effective and enjoyable. The choice is yours: life on the sofa, nibbling celery or the active, healthy-eating, healthful way.
| Title |
Eat more, Play more—Weight Less |
| Causes of weight problems |
●It's commonly believed that adults' weight problems are due to ●Studies show that fat people eat less and are |
| ●Energy used for essential bodily functions, BMR, and ●Food intake offers |
|
| Ways of weight loss |
●Dieting alone—a temporary measure ●Tending to weaken the diet's effects ● ●Exercising ●Having good heart function ●Helping to raise blood levels of HDL ●Attaining critical nutrients |
| ●Doing little exercise has much to do with obesity. ●Severe dieting should be ●Moderate dieting as well as regular exercise is much more effective and enjoyable. |
In ancient times, the most important examination was spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consistedsaying poetry aloud or giving speeches.
Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known _________ the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into
(exist) with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry.
Two types of tests are(common) used in modern schools. The first type is sometimes called an “objective” test. It
___________ (intend) to deal with facts, not personal opinions. On objective tests, the student has just one task: he must recognize the correct answer and then he must copy its letter or number onto his examination paper. Sometimes there is
answer sheet on which the four letters or numbers are printed. Then the student only has to circle the one
go with the correct answer.
For testing some kinds of learning, however , such a test is not very satisfactory. A lively student guess the correct answer without really knowing the material.
For a clearer picture of the student knows, most teachers use another kind of examination in addition to objective tests. They use “essay” tests, and the tests require students to write long answers to broad, general questions. When some essay questions are used along with some objective questions,
, a fairly clear picture of the students’ knowledge and ability can usually be obtained.
How do you usually buy what you need, shopping on line or going out to shop in person? With the help of the Internet, shopping is ______(easy) than before. We can just click our mouse to choose the items we like, pay for them online, and the shopping ___
___(finish). It is easy and quick. It helps save money, too. We can save thousands a year if we compare the prices of similar items before deciding ___
___ to buy.
However, there are always traps in shopping online. If we are ______(care), we may get into trouble. For example, we may find the color of the item different from ___
___ in the picture online. Sometimes, the size of the item we receive can be too big ___
___ too small. ___
___(avoid) such troubles, we should compare similar items on different online stores and pay more attention to what other customers say. From their comments, we can know better ___
___ an item’s color, size as well as ___
___ shortcomings. In this way we increase our chance of buying ___
___ more satisfactory item.
阅读填空
[1]Global difference in intelligence is a sensitive topic, long filled with a large number of different opinions. But recent data has indeed shown cognitive (认知的) ability to be higher in some countries than in others. What's more, IQ scores have risen as nations develop—a phenomenon known as the "Flynn effect". Many causes have been put forward for both the intelligence difference and the Flynn effect, including education, income, and even non-agricultural labor. Now, a new study from researchers at the University of New Mexico offers another interesting theory: intelligence may be linked to infectious-disease rates.
[2]The brain, say author Christopher Eppig and his colleagues, is the "most costly organ in the human body". Brainpower consumes almost up to 90 percent of a newborn's energy. It's clear that if something affects energy intake while the brain is growing, the impact could be long and serious. And for vast parts of the globe, the biggest threat to a child's body—and therefore brain—is parasitic (由寄生虫引起的) infection. These illnesses threaten brain development________________. They can directly attack live tissue, which the body must then try every means to replace. They can invade the digestive pipe and block nutritional intake. They can rob the body's cells for their own reproduction. And then there's the energy channeled (输送) to the immune system to fight the infection.
[3]Using data on national "disease burdens" (life years lost due to infectious diseases) and average intelligence scores, the authors found they are closely associated. The countries with the lowest average IQ scores have the highest disease burdens without exception. On the contrary, nations with low disease burdens top the IQ list.
[4]If the study holds water, it could be revolutionary for our understanding of the still-confusing variation in national intelligence scores.What is the main idea of the text？(no more than 10 words)
________________________________________________________________________Complete the following statement with proper words.(no more than 4 words)
Those countries that have the ________________ are always at the bottom of the IQ list.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 5 words)
___________What can cause intelligence difference？(no more than 8 words)
______________________________________________________________________What does the word “they” (Line2, paragraph3)probably refer to? (no more than 8 words)
______________________________________________________________________