If you’ve tried studying when you’re tired, you know that it can seem very impossible to do well.
A study of sleep in sparrows suggests the relationship between sleep and the ability to learn may be more complicated(复杂) than people knew.
Niels C·Rattenborg, a scientist from Wisconsin-Madison, wanted to find out how the sparrows were able to deal with getting so much less sleep. He and his team brought eight wild birds into a lab and watched them for one year. They invented a game to check how well the birds could learn. In the game, the sparrows had to peck(啄)three buttons （按钮）in a right order to get a food treat. The scientists discovered that the birds’ ability to learn the right button order depended on(依靠)two things: the time of year and the amount of sleep the birds had had.
During the migration（迁徙）season, the sparrows were restless at night and got much less sleep than usual. Even so, they were able to understand how to get the food quickly as if they’d had a regular night of sleep. Outside the migration season, they found the sparrows that got less sleep than usual had much more difficulty learning how to get the food treats than birds that had a regular sleep.
The results show that the sparrows can deal with much less sleep during the migration season than usual. If scientists can find out why, they may learn from sparrows and find ways of helping people deal with getting much less sleep. Until scientists fully understand the relationship between sleep and learning, it’s better to get plenty of sleep when preparing for an exam.
| A．sparrows’ migration. |
| B．sleep lessons from Sparrows. |
| C．how to get less sleep while studying |
| D．how sparrows that got less sleep get food treats |
| A．They eat more. |
| B．The climate is better |
| C．They can get food quickly |
| D．Scientists still don’t know the reason. |
| A．We should sleep as little as sparrows do. |
| B．We should get enough sleep before an exam. |
| C．When tired, we should try to focus on(聚焦) our study. |
| D．When tired, we should check how we can sleep less than usual. |
What will you do if weight keeps going up? Here are ideas to help you stay healthy:
Don’t sit around
Stay active. Try to exercise 30 to 60 minutes every day. Your exercise doesn’t have to be hard. Start small. Take the stairs instead of the elevator(电梯). Walk or ride a bike to places such as school or a friend’s house. Help your mum with housework, such as cleaning windows or the bathroom. It all burns fat. Make changes from time to time so you don’t get bored: Try running, biking, skating. There are many choices. Don’t spend long hours watching TV or playing video games. Even reading a book burns more fat.
Eat healthy
Truly different kinds of food and get enough fruits and vegetables each day. Drink water and low fat milk instead of soft drinks like Cola. Stay away from fast food. Eat when you are hungry, not when you are bored or because you can’t think of anything else to. Don’t eat meals or snacks while watching TV because you’ll probably end up eating more than you need. Some worry so much about their weight that they don’t eat breakfast. This is a bad idea. Teenagers need enough food. If not, you won’t get the nutrients you need to grow normally.
Don’t rush to go on a diet
Even if you are a little heavier than your fiends, you still may be normal. Remember to talk to doctors and your parents before you decide to lose weight.
| Don’t |
Do |
| Don’t sit around |
Stay |
| Don’t spend long hours |
Even reading a book burns more fat |
| Don’t eat fast food |
Try |
| Don’t eat when you are bored or because you can’t think of anything else to do. |
Eat when you are |
| Don’t rush to go on a |
Talk to doctors and your parents before you decide to lose weight |
Have you ever hoped a toy balloon? They are very light. But there are much bigger balloons can fly very high up in the sky. They are big enough to carry people. They are called hot-air balloons.
To make a hot-air balloon go up, turn on the burner(燃烧器). That will make the air inside the balloon hotter. Then the balloon will go up.
To make the balloon go down, turn off the burner. The air inside the balloon will get cooler. Then the balloon will go down. Underneath(在….下面) the balloon there is a large basket. That is where the pilot and the passengers go.
The burner is just above the basket. You can stand in the basket and turn the burner on and off. The balloon will go where the wind is blowing the right way! Do you want the balloon to go somewhere special? First make sure the wind is blowing the right way!
People have been flying in hot-air balloons for over two hundred years. Before planes it was the only way of flying. Today people fly in hot-air balloon for fun. Some people like to race hot-air balloons.A hot-air balloon is ____
| A．smaller than a toy balloon | B．bigger than a toy balloon |
| C．the same as a toy balloon | D．lighter than a toy balloon |
Where will you sit if you want to fly in the balloon?
| A．Inside the basket | B．On top of the balloon |
| C．Under the basket | D．Inside the balloon |
You want the balloon to go up. So you will ____
| A．jump out of the balloon |
| B．let the air out of the balloon |
| C．make the air inside the balloon hotter |
| D．let the air inside the balloon cool down |
Now you are high up in the sky. If you want the balloon go down, you will _____
| A．make your friends go out of the basket |
| B．make a hole in the balloon with a knife |
| C．make the air inside the balloon hotter |
| D．make the air inside the balloon cooler |
Now everything is all right! The balloon is flying across the sky. Where are you going?
| A．Towards the sun | B．To the seaside |
| C．Where the wind blows you. | D．To the nearest mountains |
Once there were two crows (乌鸦)whose opinions(观点) were always opposite.
One day, one of the crows said to the other, “ You should realize, of course, that I can fly much higher than you.”
“ Don’t be ridiculous (荒谬的).” the other crow said. “ Everyone knows that I can fly much higher than you.”
“No, you can’t” the first crow said.
“Yes, I can” the second crow replied, and the argument went on and on.
At last they decided to have a contest to solve the argument.
“ We will compete to find out who can fly higher while carrying a bag” the first crow said.
They argued for some time because of the size of the bag, but at last came to an agreement.
Then there was a further argument about what each bag would be filled with. Finally, they agreed that the first crow would fill his bag with cotton and the second crow would fill his with salt.
The first crow thought he was clever to agree to this, because salt is much heavier than cotton. At last they were ready for the contest. Holding their bag in their mouths, they flew into the sky.
They had not been flying for long. However, when it began to rain- as the second crow had expected it would. Can you guess who could fly higher?The two crows were arguing about ____
| A．who was much clever |
| B．who can fly higher |
| C．how to fly into the sky |
| D．how to carry the bag |
The underlined phrase “came to an agreement” means ____ in Chinese.
| A．达成一致 | B．争论结束 | C．请来裁判 | D．争论升级 |
In the rain the bag with cotton in it would got ____.
| A．lighter | B．heavier | C．bigger | D．smaller |
The second crow filled his bag with salt because he thought ____
| A．salt was lighter | B．cotton was heavier |
| C．it would rain | D．he would need some salt |
How many times did the two crows argue?
| A．Once | B．Twice | C．Three times | D．Four times |
Walk to school every day? That will work, but not if you like sleep in. If you like bad smells and crowding(拥挤), the bus might be your best Choice. But why not a bicycle? A bicycle will get you there faster than your feet and will save your money.
This is why you see more bicycles than any other kind of transportation in China, about 500 million of them. That’s close to one for every two people in the whole country. But if you survey your class at school, you may will find a higher rate(比率).
Bicycles became popular because they are fun for people and at the same time help develop a strong body. No vehicle is better than a bicycle for enjoying an autumn weekend outside the city with parents or friends. You can travel on small, quiet paths. You also can park your bicycle beside the path wherever you want to stop to admire the beauty.
Cycling every day helps people build with city healthier hearts and stronger muscles(肌肉). Scientists say a 30-minute ride every day can help you lose weight.
Today, bicycles also are popular with city planners. They see bicycles as a good way to reduce heavy traffic. Unlike buses, bicycles produce no exhaust(尾气) and don’t burn energy. Many countries are encouraging more daily use of bicycles.What’s the main subject of the passage?
| A．Pollution reduction |
| B．Pollution of bicycle |
| C．Transportation of China |
| D．advantages of bicycling |
Which of the following statements may NOT help convince of bicycles?
| A．Bicycling makes people stronger |
| B．Bicycles can travel on narrow paths |
| C．Many bicycles are stolen every year |
| D．Bicycles seldom(很少)get stuck in traffic jams |
The following paragraph is taken from the article above. Which paragraph should it follow? South Korea expects a 10% increase in using bicycles by 2011. They say that could cut the cost of oil(石油)by $1.4 billion(十亿)during that period.
| A．Paragraph 1 | B．Paragraph 2 | C．Paragraph 5 | D．Paragraph 6 |
We can tell from the story that _____
| A．all Chinese students ride bicycles |
| B．if you ride a bicycle for 30 minutes a day, you’ll be thinner |
| C．there are no bicycles that burn energy |
| D．you can’t enjoy beautiful views unless you ride a bicycle |
Which of the following thing is a vehicle?
| A．A train | B．A chair | C．An orange | D．A television |
There was once a man called Mr. Flowers, and flowers were his only joy in life. He spent all his spare time in one of his four glass-houses and grew flowers of every color, with long and difficult names, for competitions, he tried to grow a rose of a new color to win the silver cup(银杯) for the Rose of the Year.
Mr. Flowers’ glass-houses were very close to a middle school. Boys of around thirteen years of age were often tempted to throw a stone(石头) or two at one of Mr. Flowers’ glass-houses. So Mr. Flower did his best to be in or close by his glass-houses at the beginning and end of the school day.
But it was not always possible to be on watch at those times. Mr. Flowers had tried in many ways to protect his glass, but nothing had been useful. He had been to report to the headmaster, but this bad not done any good. He had tried to drive away the boys when they threw stones. He had even picked up all the stones around his garden, so that the boys would have nothing to throw, but they soon found others.
At last Mr. Flowers had a good idea. He put up a large notice. It was made of good, strong wood. It was some meters away from the glass-houses. On it he had written the words: DO NOT THROW STONES AT THIS NOTICE. After that, Mr Flowers had no further trouble: The boys were much more attempted to throw stoned at the notice than at the glass-houses.It was Mr. Flowers’ hope to ____
| A．build glass-houses in his spare time |
| B．grow the rose in a glass-house |
| C．win a silver cup for growing a rose of a new color |
| D．grow a rose with the longest name |
Boys were often tempted to ____
| A．throw stones at Mr. Flowers’ glass-houses |
| B．throw stones at Mr. Flowers from their school |
| C．be in or close by Mr. Flowers’ glass-houses |
| D．play with Mr. Flowers near his glass-houses |
Mr Flowers stayed in or close by his glass-houses ____
| A．at times when school-boys were walking near them |
| B．all the school day when there were no boys around |
| C．where he could not be seen by the boya passing |
| D．in his spare time at the beginning and end of the school day |
Mr. Flowers had tried to ____ to protect his glass.
| A．be on watch in his spare time |
| B．ask the headmaster for help |
| C．pick up all the stones around his garden |
| D．do all the above |
Mr. Flowers’ good idea was to ____
| A．write some words on the glass |
| B．put up a larger notice to cover his glasshouses |
| C．give the boys something else to throw stones at |
| D．send for policemen |