The size and location of the world’s deserts are always changing. Over millions of years, as climates change and mountains rise, new dry and wet areas appear. But within the last hundred years deserts have been increasing after frightful speed. This is partly because of natural changes, but most responsible for creating deserts are men.
Man can make deserts, but they can also prevent them from getting bigger. Algeria is planning a green belt of trees along the edge of the Sahara Desert to stop the sand. In China, too, windbreaks are being built in the northwest to keep the desert from growing.
But desert still threaten the world. Experts believe that land that is on the way to becoming deserts equals the size of Australia, Russia and US put together. Can we stop the spread of the world’s deserts and save the land that is so essential to mankind? Yes, we can, And we must.The reason for the land that turns into deserts is mostly because of _______
| A．the changing of the climates | B．man |
| C．the natural changes | D．the wind |
The word “windbreak” means _______
| A．trees planted as a belt to stop the wind |
| B．high walls as a belt to stop the wind |
| C．long and deep ditch as a belt to stop the wind |
| D．men stood side by side as a belt to stop the wind |
The deserts still threaten the world in the way ______
| A．of increasing at an unbelievable speed |
| B．of spreading in Australia , Russia, and the US |
| C．of appearing new dry and wet areas in every part of the world |
| D．that they cause the changes of the climates |
Which of the following do you think is the best method?____
| A．People move away from the land that is on the way to become deserts |
| B．To build great walls to stop the wind and sand |
| C．To plant trees and grass on the surface of the land |
| D．To irrigate the desert |
Football is, I believe, the most popular game in England: one has only to go to the important matches to see this. Rich and poor, young and old, one can see them all there, shouting for one side or the other.
To a stranger, one of the most surprising things about football in England is the great knowledge of the game which even the smallest boy seems to have. He can tell you the names of the players in most of the important teams. He will tell you who he expects will win such a match, and his opinion is usually as good as that of men three or four times his age.
Most schools in England take football seriously-much more seriously than nearly all European schools, where lessons are all very important and games are left for the children themselves. In England it is believed that education is not only a matter filling a boy’s mind with facts in the classroom: education also means the training of character; and one of the best ways of training character is by means of games, especially team games; where a boy or girl has to learn to work with others for his or her team, instead of working for oneself alone. The school therefore plans games and matches for its students. Football is a good team game. It is good both for the body and the mind. That’s why it is every school’s game in England.In passage 1, by “this” the author means ________.
| A．people often go to football games. |
| B．people, rich and poor, young and old, play football |
| C．football is the most popular game in England |
| D．people usually shout at each other in a football match |
In England, a boy’s opinion of a match is often ________.
| A．three or four times better than that of adults | B．more than that of adults |
| C．as good as that of adults | D．worth considering three or four times than adults |
In England, education means_______.
| A．filling a boy’s mind with stories | B．more than the teaching of knowledge |
| C．the teaching of knowledge only | D．training character by means of football games |
People tend to become more personal and hide less of themselves when using email . Researchers from Open University in Britain have found in a recent study that there are good reasons for this .
The team of researchers asked 83 pairs of students , all strangers to each other , to solve a problem . They had to discuss this question : If only five people in the world could be saved from a world disaster , who should they be ? The pairs of students had to talk over the problem either face to face or by computers . Dr. Johnson said , “They told their partners four times as much about themselves when they talked over the Internet as when they talked face to face . When the computers were fitted with cameras so that students could see each other , this limited the personal side of the conversation.”
Generally the information was not extremely personal . It was mainly about things such as where they went to school, or where they used to live . But some students discussed their love stories , and personal childhood experiences .
Dr. Johnson believes that emailing encourages people to focus on themselves . And when they do this , they become more open , especially if there are no cameras. “If you cannot see the other person, it becomes easier to talk about yourself . This is because you are not thinking what the other person is thinking of you. So emailing has become the modern way of talking,” said Dr. Johnson. However , this style of talking is not entirely new . “In the 19th century people started to use the ‘telegraph’ to communicate . Now the same kind of thing has happened and people ended up speaking more freely .”
Dr. Johnson thinks that emailers need to know about these effects of emailing , especially when they start work in a company . “If you don’t know about it , you could find yourself saying more about yourself than you wanted to .”The subject discussed in this passage is .
| A．how people open up when emailing | B．how people do research studies |
| C．how to communicate at work | D．how to discuss and solve a problem |
The reason that some couples talked freely about themselves is that .
| A．they didn’t talk about very personal things | B．they couldn’t see each other |
| C．the cameras on the computers were turned on | D．they had to discuss a question |
What do the underlined words (in para. 4) refer to ?
| A．The telegraph | B．The computer | C．Emailing . | D．Face-to-face talk . |
．In the writer’s opinion , one should .
| A．focus on oneself when emailing | B．talk more freely in email than usual |
| C．discuss any subject that one wants to | D．consider how one uses email at work |
Probably you have seen photos of the Grand Canyon（峡谷）, the great valley in the desert country of Arizona. But you must go there yourself to feel its true size and beauty. The Grand Canyon is one of the greatest natural wonders of the world
The Colorado River formed the Grand Canyon over millions of years. Slowly, the river cut down through hard rock. At the same time, the land was rising. Today the canyon is 1.5 kilometers and 445 kilometers long. The oldest rocks at the bottom of the canyon are more than 1 billion years old. The width varies from about 200 meters to 29 kilometers across. The rim or top of the canyon is about 2,300 meters above sea level on the South Rim, and about 3,000 meters on the other side. As a result, there are different kinds of plants and animals on opposite sides of the canyon. The South Rim is dry desert country. The North Rim has tall forests.
The canyon looks different at different times of day, and in different seasons and weather. At sunrise and sunset the red, gold, brown and orange colors of the rocks are especially clear and bright. In winter, the canyon is partly covered with snow.
The view from the South Rim of the Grand Canyon is the best. Most visitors come here and stay in campgrounds or hotels. Every point along the canyon’s edge offers a different view.
The North rim of the Canyon is quieter. It takes all day to drive there from the South Rim because there is only one bridge across the Colorado River. On the way, you go through Navado Indian lands, and a colorful pink desert called “The Painted Desert”.The best way to feel the true beauty of the Grand Canyon is to________.
| A．see its photographs | B．listen to the report about it |
| C．watch its introduction on TV | D．go there yourself and visit it |
The scene of the canyon is ________.
| A．various depending on different time and places |
| B．almost the same |
| C．various depending on different time |
| D．various depending on different places |
If you want to visit the North Rim from the South Rim, you________.
| A．can go there in many direction | B．won’t spend much time on the way |
| C．can visit The Painted Desert on the way | D．needn’t go across any bridges |
If you want to have a visit to the Grand Canyon, you’d better go to _______.
| A．the North Rim | B．the South Rim | C．the bottom | D．Navado Indian Lands |
Have you ever wondered why you sometimes take an almost immediate liking to a person you have just met? We often get the first impression of a people based on the color of a person’s skin or the manner in which he or she dressed. Meaning is conveyed not only by words or verbal languages but also by nonverbal communication systems, such as body behaviors.
Nonverbal communication is important because we use the actions of others to learn about their affective emotional states .Our emotions are reflected in our posture, face, and eyes—be it fear, joy, anger, or sadness—so we can express them without ever saying a word .For this reason, most of us rely heavily on what we learn through our eyes.
Nonverbal communication is significant in human interaction because it is usually responsible for the first impressions. More importantly, those first messages usually influence the perception(感知) of everything else that follows. Even how we select friends and sexual partners is grounded in first impressions with nonverbal communication.
Nonverbal communication is important because it is culture-related. It is based on different beliefs, religions, values and customs in different cultures. When, where, how, and to whom people display his or her specific nonverbal behaviors is greatly affected by culture and context. Culture determines what the appropriate nonverbal behavior is. For example, feelings of friendship exist everywhere but their expression varies. It may be appropriate in some countries for man to embrace each other and for women to hold hands; in other countries these displays of affection may be shocking. Each culture has its own specific interpretation on nonverbal communication. What is acceptable in one culture may be completely unacceptable in another. One culture may determine that snapping fingers to call a waiter is acceptable; another may consider this gesture rude. What is the best title of the passage ?
| A．Nonverbal communication and first impression | B．Nonverbal communication is culture-related |
| C．Nonverbal and verbal communication | D．The importance of nonverbal communication |
We can know a person’s feeling through our eyes because_________.
| A．we can see a person’s feeling on his face |
| B．a person’s emotions can be reflected through eyes |
| C．a person’s feeling can be reflected through his body languages |
| D．we can see a person’s feeling through his posture |
Which of the following statements is not True ?
| A．Meaning can be conveyed both by words and body language. |
| B．We can use nonverbal communication to learn about a person’s emotional states. |
| C．We often get the first impression by what a person says. |
| D．The first impression can affect what we will do in the following. |
What can we conclude from the last paragraph ?
| A．we can use different ways to express friendship. |
| B．each culture has its own specific interpretation on nonverbal communication. |
| C．snapping fingers to call a waiter is acceptable. |
| D．learning a country’s culture is very important. |
Animals are natural resources that people have wasted all through our history.
Animals have been killed for their fur and feathers, for food, for sport, and simply because they were in the way. Thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the world forever. Hundreds more are on the danger list today. About 170 kinds in the United States alone are considered in danger.
Why should people care? Because we need animals. And because once they are gone, there will never be any more.
Animals are more than just beautiful and interesting. They are more than just a source of food. Every animal has its place in the balance of nature. Destroying one kind of animal can create many problems.
For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks(老鹰), the farmers stores of corn and grain were destroyed by rats and mice. Why? Because hawks eat rats and mice. With no hawks to keep down their numbers, the rats and mice multiplied(繁殖) quickly.
Luckily, some people are working to help save the animals. Some groups raise money to let people know about the problem. And they try to get the governments to pass laws protecting animals in danger.
Quite a few countries have passed laws. These laws forbid the killing of any animals or plants on the danger list. Slowly, the number of some animals in danger is growing.Animals are important to us mainly because____.
| A．they give us a source of food | B．they are beautiful and lovely |
| C．they keep the balance of nature | D．they give us a lot of pleasure |
What has happened to the animals on the earth?
| A．Hundreds of kinds of animals have disappeared forever. |
| B．Many kinds of animals have died out. |
| C．About 170 kinds of animals have disappeared forever. |
| D．All kinds of animals are in danger. |
Which of the following is NOT true?
| A．People care much about animals because they need them. |
| B．Once a certain kind of animals is gone forever, there will never be any more. |
| C．Killing all rats and mice may cause some problems. |
| D．People must not kill any animals. |
What can we infer from the fact that quite a few countries have passed laws protecting animals in danger?
| A．Every person will know the importance of protecting wild animals. |
| B．Animals in danger will not be killed any more. |
| C．The number of some animals in danger will increase. |
| D．Animals in danger will be kept away from people. |