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Squirrels often communicate with whistles, chirps and chucks, which sound like the word “chuck”. Whistles and chirps are like the sounds that many birds make. Now scientists have translated some of their squirrel-speak.
Hare, a professor of zoology at the University of Maniloha in Winnipeg, and his team managed to record squirrels' alarm calls. The researchers studied the sounds and then played them back to 60 wild squirrels, which the scientists approached individually with a video recorder to capture(抓拍)their responses. Some squirrels lifted their heads up and became alert(警惕的). Creatures that were more frightened simply ran for their lives and dived into caves.
"In effect then, whistles that mix with chucks say 'there's an enemy of average threat that's here', and whistles without chucks say 'there's an enemy of seemingly average threat around here somewhere', while pure chirps say, 'I'm hiding here because there's an immediate danger. ' " Hare told. Discovery News.
Hare and some other researchers believe such sounds are part of an advanced language that develops just as all other communication systems.
Although squirrels risk their lives when they call out to warn others of threats, other squirrels might admire this behavior, thus increasing the caller’s social status, like humans who look up to heroes. Hare added that other animals, such as birds, probably understand at least some squirrel language, since they also may benefit from the alarm calls.
In fact, another Canadian study found that deep-voiced, black-capped chickadees have their own language too. According to certain research, there are a lot of tidings in chickadees' calls, such as directing fellows' activities, keeping in contact between mates, and raising alarms.
While chickadees and other birds are often welcomed into gardens by homeowners, squirrels are frequently viewed as pests(害兽). Hare wishes a greater understanding of the complex social lives and communication systems of squirrels will provide “hope that humans will gain a greater appreciation and stop doing harm to these animals”.
The text mainly talks about _______ .

A.the ways for squirrels to escape from their enemies
B.the comparison between squirrels and chickadees
C.the calling for the protection of squirrels
D.the study on the language of squirrels

If a squirrel is in a very dangerous situation, it would probably make ____.

A.whistles with chucks B.pure chirps
C.whistles without chucks D.repeated chucks

The underlined word “tidings” in paragraph 6 probably means ____.

A.difficulties B.noises
C.messages D.languages

What can be learned from this text?

A.Squirrels communicate with each other as humans do.
B.Some squirrels understand the recorded alarm calls.
C.Other animals also well understand the language of squirrels.
D.Birds such as chickadees don’t have their own language.
科目 英语   题型 阅读理解   难度 中等
知识点: 日常生活类阅读
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Basic Photography
This is an eight-hour course for beginners who want to learn how to use a 35mm camera. The teacher will cover such areas as kinds of film, light, and lenses(镜头). Bring your own 35mm camera to the class.
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Jan. 10, 12, 17, 19, Tues. & Thurs. 6-8p.m.
Marianne Adams is a professional photographer whose photographs appear in many magazines.
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Jan. 4, 11, 18, 25 Mon. 4-7 p.m.
Dr. John Goode is a practicing psychologist (心理学家) who has helped hundreds of people stop smoking.
Typing
This course on weekdays is for those who want to type as well as those who want to improve their typing. You are tested in the first class and practice at one of eight different skill levels. This allows you to learn at your own speed. Each program lasts 20 hours. Bring your own paper.
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Two hours each evening for two weeks.
This course is taught by a number of business education teachers who have successfully taught typing courses before.
The word “professional” in this advertisement most probably means “_____”

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The shortest course is _____.

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A course which can do something good for your health will cost____.

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If you can have free time only on weekends, you should take the course _________.

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Zoology(动物学)is the part of science that deals with the study of the animals’ growth, home and behavior. It has nothing to do with people, so many students are left wondering why they have to learn it.
Our nature includes not just humans but plants and animals as well. Everything in our environment is connected in a complex cycle. If you have a better understanding of how animals would behave and work with us, then you would value nature better.
Some animals are actually misunderstood by people like sharks and snakes. These creatures are thought of as human killers, and this is mainly because we don’t understand why they behave that way. In zoology you would be able to learn natural behavior as well as their homes so you would completely understand why they would behave in a defensive(防御的) manner when they seem to be threatened. Studying zoology would help people achieve clearness over the common myths we have on different wild animals.
Studying zoology would help people know the real facts about animals. One of the negative facts is the decreasing numbers of some species of animals. It makes people realize that there is a need for nature to be always balanced. We need animals to keep the balance in our environment and for humans to survive as well. It would help us learn the needs that animals lack and we can respond by thinking of solutions we can give to the endangered species of animals.
Modern progress is needed for a country to grow in terms of its economy; however, it should not force us to destroy our rainforests and oceans. People should realize that our modern lives should include the lives of the animals that live with us. They should not be contained in zoos but in their natural homes as well. We will learn that every living creature on the earth has the right to own a home and we need to fight for them to have permanent(永久的) homes.
According to the text, nature should be .

A.left alone B.treated seriously
C.taken for granted D.taken lightly

It is implied in Paragraph 4 that animals play a role of .

A.making our world beautiful B.protecting species of plants
C.providing food for humans D.keeping nature in balance

To animals, humans should act as .

A.caretakers B.killers C.competitors D.trainers

The best title for the passage may be “”.

A.The Ways of Protecting Animals
B.The Importance of Studying Zoology
C.The Introduction to Zoology
D.The Advantages of Learning Zoology

I got tired of living the life that everybody told me I “should” be living, so one day I decided to start living life in my own ways. Frustrated(挫败)with my job, I came home, put on my shoes, and just started running. It felt so good to be free. That first day I ended up running 30 miles without stopping. Yes, I had rediscovered my old passion (酷爱的事物) — and it felt so good that I set a goal to support myself and my family from my running alone.
I trained hard every day. Since I wanted to be the best I could be, I knew I would have to set some clear goals for myself. A couple of my goals were: run a 135-mile ultra-marathon(超级马拉松) across Death Valley, win the Badwater Ultra-Marathon, and run a marathon to the South Pole.
I had no idea how I was going to achieve these goals, but they certainly encouraged me to work hard. Today, I am really grateful to say that I have achieved all of them. Shortly after completing these goals, I set another goal: to run fifty marathons, in fifty states, in fifty days. Nobody had done anything like this before. To be honest, I was not quite sure if I could. But there was only one way to find out…so I just started training and preparing to give it my best try.
I completed that goal one year ago, and it felt great! But for me, life is not all about achieving goals. Sure, it feels good to succeed, but the greatest reward for me was learning more about myself and what I was able to do.
Only by stepping out into the unknown and stretching(使倾注全力) ourselves can we really discover what our true potential(潜能) is。
Which played an important role in the author’s success?

A.Setting goals B.Learning from others.
C.Being honest D.Keeping on reading .

According to Paragraph 3, before achieving the goals the author felt _____________

A.very grateful B.not quite confident
C.quite afraid D.not very satisfied

What does the underlined part “that goal” in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A.Win the Badwater Ultra-Marathon.
B.Run a marathon to the South Pole.
C.Run fifty marathons, in fifty states, in fifty days.
D.Run a 135-mile ultra-marathon across Death Valley.

The author probably agrees that____________.

A.life means achieving goals
B.success is the greatest reward
C.sports help develop our potential
D.everyone may have great potential.

阅读下面短文,从各题A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Your brain isn’t a muscle, but you can treat it like one
Many people focus on physical fitness, but few know that brain fitness is also something you can work on. In fact, you can exercise your brain as often as you do to your arms or legs —and the results can be positive and empowering.
To improve your brain, you can’t simply repeat the same exercises over and over. Just as lifting a two—pound weight will stop challenging you, so will repetitive exercises such as crosswords or Sudoku. Once you master easy exercises, you must move on to harder ones in order to push your brain —like your muscles —to a new level.

The science behind brain training
Scientists once believed that your mental abilities were fixed in adulthood. Since studies have shown just the opposite, millions of people around the world have adopted the new practice of brain training. The most popular of these brain training products is made by the San Francisco—based Lumosity. Lumosity's scientists with an experienced team of game designers have developed a fun,effective online brain training program that measures,tracks,and adapts to your progress,so you'll always be challenged.
Promising studies on the effects of brain training
In a 2013 Stanford study,a treatment group of 21 breast cancer survivors used 12 weeks of Lumosity training to work on processing speed,mental flexibility,and working memory tasks. On average,those who trained improved on tests of these abilities,compared to a group that did not train with Lumosity.
There is even some evidence suggesting that Lumosity may be beneficial to normal,healthy adults. In a 2011 study by Lumosity and San Francisco State University researchers. 13 people who trained over 5 weeks improved working memory scores by 10%and attention scores by 20%.
Brain training is designed to meet real-life needs
The design of brain training is targeted at real-life benefits instead of improving game scores. Better attention,for example,can mean greater focus in the classroom or at an important business meeting. With improved processing speed,you might react and adapt faster to the demands of a busy life. And a better memory could mean stronger,longer relationships with the people closest to you.
We can learn from the passage that _________.

A.brain training speeds up the recovery of breast cancer
B.your brain is like a muscle because it gives you power
C.people's mental abilities can't develop after they grow up
D.Lumosity can measure,track and suit your level as you improve

Which skill may brain training not improve?

A.Better attention. B.A better memory.
C.Better writing skills. D.Higher processing speed.

What can we infer from the passage?

A.People should care more about physical health instead of mental health.
B.Brain training has been proved effective through scientific researches.
C.A bad memory is the only reason for weak relationships with people.
D.Playing online games is the best way of brain training.

What's the best title for the passage?

A.Brain Training Makes a Difference B.Train Your Brain like a Muscle
C.Lumosity,Your Best Choice D.How to Train Your Brain

The word I'm going to introduce to you today is — phubbing. Let's see the definition of this term:

phubbing n. the act of snubbing(冷落)someone in a social setting by looking at your cell phone instead of paying attention
As you can probably guess,phubbing is a blend of phone and snubbing. The term was coined by a 23—year—old Melbourne resident Alex Haigh. Obviously,he got fed up with how people are always checking Facebook or Twitter on their phones when they are supposed to be interacting with someone face to face. He wanted to put an end to this social phenomenon,therefore he came up with this catchy term.
And it did catch on. The word's earliest media mention dates back to June 2012,and in a little over a year's time,phubbing has already been picked up by almost all the mainstream media outlets one can think of.
Here is a typical example from the British newspaper The Independent. In the article titled The Rise of Phubbing,which was published on August 5,2013,Tom Chatfield writes,there's an uncomfortable truth at the heart of phubbing:other people are easier to handle when seen on screen. They're less likely to demand unreasonable efforts such as undivided attention or clean shirts.
While the term phubbing has undoubtedly taken off,some people question why it is called phubbing instead of phnubbing. Alex Haigh has not personally addressed the issue,but word has it that phubbing sounds more crispy and thus easier to remember.
Phubbing is indeed a universal problem that can no longer be ignored. So why do people keep phubbing each other if they know it's rude? Is there anything we can do to stop it? Or maybe we should just be more kind,because sometimes there are good excuses to phub.
I think there is plenty we can do to try and stop phubbing. For starters,we can join Alex Haigh in his Stop Phubbing campaign. Remind our friends and family that phubbing is not appreciated. We can also make or download some anti—phubbing posters to spread the word in public places. And don't forget that some phubbers simply do not realize the harmful effect their behavior has on others,so be brave enough to stop them,even if you are a total stranger.
This passage is mainly talking about _______.

A.the rise of phubbing in all the mainstream media outlets
B.a new term “phubbing”and its problem
C.the campaign of keeping phubbing
D.different opinions on phubbing

The author’s attitude towards the act of phubbing can be described as ___________.

A.bearable
B.unacceptable
C.reasonable
D.understandable

What can we infer from this passage?

A.People are easier to handle when seen on screen.
B.Alex Haigh doesn’t like the term “phnubbing”
C.More and more people have become phubbers.
D.We can phub if we have proper excuses.

The write suggests we should _________.

A.stop phubbing in public places
B.not be afraid of the harmful effect
C.be brave to support a stranger phubbing
D.remind our friends of Stop Phubbing campaign

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