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On  a  wet  Wednesday  evening  in  Seoul,  six  government  employees  gathered  at  the  office  to  prepare  for  a  late-night  patrol(巡逻).  The  mission  is  to  find  children  who  are  studying  after  10  p.  m.  and  stop  them. 
In  South  Korea,  it  has  come  to  this.  To  reduce  the  country’s  addiction  to  private,  after-hours  tutoring  academies(called  hagwons),  the  authorities  have  begun  enforcing  a  curfew(宵禁令)—even  rewarding  citizens  for  turning  in  violators. 
But  cramming(临时死记硬背)is  deeply  anchored  in  Asia,  where  top  grades  have  long  been  prized  as  essential  for  professional  success.  Before  toothbrushes  or  printing  presses,  there  were  civil  service  exams  that  could  make  or  break  you.  Chinese  families  have  been  hiring  test  preparation  tutors  since  the  7th  century.  Nowadays  South  Korea  has  taken  this  competition  to  new  extremes.  In  2010,  74%  of  all  students  engaged  in  some  kind  of  private  after-school  instruction,  sometimes  called  shadow  education,  at  an  average  cost  of  KRW  2,  600  per  student  for  a  year.  There  are  more  private  instructors  in  South  Korea  than  school  teachers,  and  the  most  popular  of  them  make  millions  of  dollars  a  year  from  online  and  in-person  classes.  When  Singapore’s  Education  Minister  was  asked  last  year  about  his  nation’s  reliance  on  private  tutoring,  he  found  one  reason  for  hope,  “We  are  not  as  bad  as  the  Koreas.  ”
In  Seoul,  legions  of  students  who  failed  to  get  into  top  universities  spend  the  entire  year  after  high  school  attending  hagwons  to  improve  their  scores  on  university  admission  tests.  And  they  must  compete  even  to  do  this.  At  the  prestigious  Daesung  Institute,  admission  is  based  on  students’  test  scores.  Only  14%  of  applicants  are  accepted.  After  a  year  of  14-hour  days,  about  70%  gain  entry  to  one  of  the  nation’s  top  three  universities. 
South  Koreans  are  not  alone  in  their  discontent.  Across Asia, reformers  are  pushing  to  make  schools  more  “American”—even  as  some  U.  S.  reformers  make  their  own  schools  more  “Asian”.  In  China,  universities  have  begun  fashioning  new  entry  tests  to  target  students  with  talents  beyond  book  learning.  And  Taiwanese  officials  recently  announced  that  kids  will  no  longer  have  to  take  high-stress  exams  to  get  into  high  school.  In  South  Korea,  the  apogee  of  extreme  education,  gets  its  reforms  right,  it  could  be  a  model  for  other  societies. 
The  problem  is  not  that  South  Korea  kids  aren’t  learning  enough  or  working  hard  enough,  but  that  they  aren’t  working  smart.  When  I  visited  some  schools,  I  saw  classrooms  in  which  a  third  of  the  students  slept  while  the  teacher  continued  lecturing,  seemingly  undisturbed. 
The  government  has  repeatedly  tried  to  humanize  the  education  system,  but  after  each  attempt,  the  hagwons  come  back  stronger.  But  this  time,  its  reforms  are  targeting  not  just  the  dysfunctional  symptom  but  also  the  causes.  It  is  working  to  improve  normal  public  schools  by  putting  teachers  and  principals  through  rigorous(严格的)evaluations—which  include  opinion  surveys  by  students,  parents  and  peer  teachers—and  requiring  additional  training  for  low-scoring  teachers.  At  the  same  time,  the  government  hopes  to  reduce  the  pressure  on  students.  Admissions  tests  for  high  schools  have  been  abolished.  Middle  schoolers  are  now  judged  on  the  basis  of  their  regular  grades  and  an  interview.  And  500  admissions  officers  have  been  appointed  to  the  country’s  universities,  to  judge  applicants  not  only  on  their  test  scores  and  grades  but  also  other  abilities. 
The  six  government  employees  were  asked  to     

A. arrest the students who work late at night
B. reward citizens who turn in violators
C. conduct a survey among students
D. prevent students from studying too late

In  Paragraph  3  toothbrushes  and  printing  presses  are  mentioned  in  order  to     

A. tell us that they were invented in Asia
B. show that hagwons play an important role in people’s daily life
C. show that private tutoring has a long history
D. tell us that civil service exams are of equal importance as them

What  can  be  concluded  from  the  passage? 

A. Hagwons are the source of South Korea’s educational problem.
B. Students in South Korea don’t learn efficiently.
C.It is the teachers and headmasters who are to blame for the educational problem.
D. Private tutoring is not common in Singapore.

The  main  point  of  the  last  paragraph  is  that     

A. it is very difficult to get rid of hagwons
B. the causes of hagwons have been found
C. teachers will have a hard time because of the reforms
D. the government is determined to reform the present education system
科目 英语   题型 阅读理解   难度 中等
知识点: 日常生活类阅读
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Sheep Smarter than Thought
London—Sheep, like turkeys and ostriches, are not considered the most clever animals. British scientists said last Wednesday humans may have underestimated the woolly creature. They could be much smarter than we think.
Researchers at the Babraham Institute in Cambridge, southern England, have shown that the animals have a good memory system and are extremely good at recognizing faces—which they think is a sure sign of intelligence.
Behavioral scientist Keith Kendrick and his friends trained 20 sheep to recognize and distinguish 25 pairs of sheep faces and used electrodes (电极) to measure their brain activity , which showed they could remember 50 faces for up to two years .
“If they can do that with faces, they have to have reasonable intelligence; otherwise, what is the point of having a system for remembering faces and not remembering anything else?” Kendrick said in an interview.
So hours of seemingly mindless eating grass may not be so mindless after all.
Kendrick believes sheep got their reputation as dumb (unable to speak, unintelligent) animals because they live in large groups and do not appear to have much individuality and are frightened of just about everything.
“All animals, including humans, once they are frightened, don’t tend to show signs of intelligent action,” he explained.
In research reported in the science journal Nature, Kendrick and his team showed that sheep, like humans, have a specialized system in the brain which allows them to distinguish between many different faces which look extremely similar.
“The most important finding (of the study) is that they are able , both from a behavioral point of view and from looking at the way the brain is organized , to remember a large number of individuals for a very long time,” said Kendrick. “It is a very strange system. They are showing similar abilities in many ways to humans.”
From the first paragraph we can find that______.

A.people used to think sheep are smarter than the other animals
B.people used to raise sheep in a wrong way
C.people don’t consider sheep as clever animals
D.people have done a lot of research on sheep

From what Kendrick said in the interview we learn that_____.

A.scientists have learned everything about sheep’s intelligence
B.scientists have learned a little about sheep’s intelligence
C.scientists can’t do anything more about sheep’s memory
D.scientists do not have to research animals’ memory

As is known in the passage,__________.

A.sheep are among the week animals
B.it is not right for people to raise sheep in groups
C.when sheep eat grass in the field their minds may be active
D.if people feel frightened, they may become braver

About six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table, I couldn't help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman asked, “So, how have you been?” And the boy—who could not have been more than seven or eight years old—replied. “Frankly, I've been feeling a little depressed lately.”
This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn't find out we were “depressed”, that is, in low spirits, until we were in high school.
Undoubtedly a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children don't seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.
Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Childhood as it once was no longer exists. Why?
Human development depends not only on born biological states, but also on patterns of gaining social knowledge. Movement from one social role to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new social positions. Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages; traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders.
In the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation(揭示) machine has been equipped in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television. Television passes information to all viewers alike, whether they are children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation (诱惑), many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more attractive moving pictures.
Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information which children will gain. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.
According to the author, feeling depressed is ____________.

A.a sure sign of a mental problem in a child
B.a mental state present in all humans, including children
C.something that cannot be avoided in children's mental development
D.something hardly to be expected in a young child

According to the author, that today's children seem adult-like results from ____________.

A.the widespread influence of television
B.the poor arrangement of teaching content
C.the fast pace of human scientific development
D.the rising standard of living

What does the author think of communication through print for children?

A.It enables children to gain more social information.
B.It develops children's interest in reading and writing.
C.It helps children to read and write well.
D.It can control what children are to learn.

What does the author think of the change in today's children?

A.He feels their adult-like behavior is so funny.
B.He thinks the change worthy of note.
C.He considers it a rapid development.
D.He seems to be upset about it.

第一节:(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30 分)
阅读下面的短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The American book Who Moved My Cheese has been a bestseller all over the world. It teaches people how to face changes in their lives. Now its author Spence Johnson has written a book just for teens. The book tells us that when facing change in our lives, like a new school or new friends, don't be afraid. Instead, use this change to make a better life. The book gives an example of a change at school. A school is changing from having two terms to three terms because there are too many students.
Several teens are talking about this. Most of them are unhappy and worried. But Chris is not. He laughs and tells a story about two mice, two “little people” and some cheese.
The four are in a maze looking for the cheese. Here, cheese means something important in life, like moving to a new class or getting into college. But they find the cheese is gone. The mice realize that they can’t change what has happened and have to find more cheese. This means finding different dreams. The little people, however, can’t do this. They are afraid of change so they find no cheese.
After Chris finishes the story, the friends understand one thing: to get more cheese, move in a new direction quickly. His friends understand how this can be used in the changes all teens face, such as doing well at school or having good relationships or just feeling good about yourself.
The book Who Moved My Cheese is __________.

A.written all over the world B.read across the world
C.sold only in America D.loved only by teens

What does the text mainly discuss?

A.Never change in our life. B.Change whenever you like .
C.Change with the changes. D.Pay attention to the changes,

The underline word “four”(paragraph 3) refers to __________.

A.mice and little people B.students
C.cheese D.readers

In our lives, we should learn from __________.

A.mice B.little people
C.Chris D.Spence Johnson

One day, Jack’s parents told him that his grandpa would retire after working for forty years. Jack said in surprise, “I’m only seven, so it means Grandpa has been … er… A really long time!”
His parents said, “Yes. That’s why we are going to have a surprise party for him.”
Jack loved his Grandpa and wanted to do something special for him. He remembered the business card his grandpa had given him two years before. He knew that his grandpa would no longer have the position (职位) on that card, so he decided to build a new one for his grandpa.
When the big day came, Jack was ready. But he didn’t want to put his gift together with others’. He carried it around with him the whole evening.
When all the other people left, he took his grandpa’s hand and brought him over to a chair and gave him the gift.
His grandpa smiled, “Well, it must be a beautiful gift. May I open it now?” “Sure!” Jack said excitedly.
As Grandpa opened the gift, tears came into his eyes. Jack gave him the greatest gift he had ever got! They were business cards with his new position: FULL-TIME GRANDPA! Jack said, “Now your full-time job is my grandpa!”
“Well, how much do I get paid?” his grandpa asked, smiling. “As many hugs (拥抱) as you want!” With these words, Jack gave Grandpa a hug. “Well, I guess that means I’m the richest man in the world!” said Grandpa.
Jack remembered _____ his grandpa had given him two years before.

A.the birthday card B.the toy
C.the book D.the business card

What did Jack decide to do for his grandpa?

A.To build a new position for him.
B.To draw a picture for him.
C.To sing a song for him.
D.To buy a gift for him.

Why were there tears in Grandpa’s eyes?

A.Because he would lose his position.
B.Because he was not cared for.
C.Because he was moved by Jack’s gift.
D.Because he was unhappy.

Birthdays often involve surprises. But this year's surprise on the birthday of the great British playwright William Shakespeare is surely one of the most dramatic.
On April 22, one day before his 441st birthday anniversary, experts discovered that one of the most recognizable portraits (画像)of William Shakespeare is a fake. This means that we no longer have a good idea of what Shakespeare looked like. “It's very possible that many pictures of Shakespeare might be unreliable because many of them are copies of this one,” said an expert from Britain's National Portrait Gallery.
The discovery comes after four months of testing using X-rays, ultraviolet light, microphotography and paint samples. The experts from the gallery say the image —commonly known as the “Flower portrait”— was actually painted in the 1800s, about two centuries after Shakespeare's death. The art experts who work at the gallery say they also used modern chemistry technology to check the paint on the picture. These checks found traces of paint dating from about 1814. Shakespeare died in 1616, and the date that appears on the portrait is 1609.
“We now think the portrait dates back to around 1818 to 1840. This was when there was a renewed interest in Shakespeare's plays,” Tarnya Cooper, the gallery's curator (馆长), told the Associated President.
The fake picture has often been used as a cover for collections of his plays. It is called the Flower portrait because one of its owners, Desmond Flower, gave it to the Royal Shakespeare Company.
“There have always been questions about the painting,” said David Howells, curator for the Royal Shakespeare Company. “Now we know the truth, we can put the image in its proper place in the history of Shakespearean portraiture.”
Two other images of Shakespeare, are also being studied as part of the investigation and the results will come out later this month.________.
What makes the birthday of Shakespeare dramatic this year?

A.It was found that he painted a portrait in 1814 instead of in 1609.
B.The Flower portrait has been found to be a fake.
C.Three portraits of Shakespeare are being tested to identify a real one.
D.It was found that there was a renewed interest in Shakespeare's plays around 1818 to 1840.

Which statement is True according to the passage?

A.Portraits of Shakespeare are all unreliable.
B.“Flower portrait” was a portrait of Shakespeare given to Desmond Flower.
C.1814 might be when the portrait was drawn.
D.The Flower portrait is not often used as a cover for Shakespeare's play.

How many methods were used to test the portrait?

A.Not mentioned. B.Two
C.Three D.At least four.

The best title for this passage is ________.

A.Birthdays often involve surprises
B.The surprise on the 441st birthday of Shakespeare
C.One portrait of Shakespeare is a fake
D.How can we know Shakespeare's appearance?

Which is the best sentence to fill in the blank in the last paragraph?

A.Soon we'll know which portrait is reliable.
B.Maybe we cannot find a real portrait of Shakespeare.
C.If the two portraits are found to be false, they will test more.
D.For now what Shakespeare really looked like will remain a mystery

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