On a wet Wednesday evening in Seoul, six government employees gathered at the office to prepare for a late-night patrol(巡逻). The mission is to find children who are studying after 10 p. m. and stop them.
In South Korea, it has come to this. To reduce the country’s addiction to private, after-hours tutoring academies(called hagwons), the authorities have begun enforcing a curfew(宵禁令)—even rewarding citizens for turning in violators.
But cramming(临时死记硬背)is deeply anchored in Asia, where top grades have long been prized as essential for professional success. Before toothbrushes or printing presses, there were civil service exams that could make or break you. Chinese families have been hiring test preparation tutors since the 7th century. Nowadays South Korea has taken this competition to new extremes. In 2010, 74% of all students engaged in some kind of private after-school instruction, sometimes called shadow education, at an average cost of KRW 2, 600 per student for a year. There are more private instructors in South Korea than school teachers, and the most popular of them make millions of dollars a year from online and in-person classes. When Singapore’s Education Minister was asked last year about his nation’s reliance on private tutoring, he found one reason for hope, “We are not as bad as the Koreas. ”
In Seoul, legions of students who failed to get into top universities spend the entire year after high school attending hagwons to improve their scores on university admission tests. And they must compete even to do this. At the prestigious Daesung Institute, admission is based on students’ test scores. Only 14% of applicants are accepted. After a year of 14-hour days, about 70% gain entry to one of the nation’s top three universities.
South Koreans are not alone in their discontent. Across Asia, reformers are pushing to make schools more “American”—even as some U. S. reformers make their own schools more “Asian”. In China, universities have begun fashioning new entry tests to target students with talents beyond book learning. And Taiwanese officials recently announced that kids will no longer have to take high-stress exams to get into high school. In South Korea, the apogee of extreme education, gets its reforms right, it could be a model for other societies.
The problem is not that South Korea kids aren’t learning enough or working hard enough, but that they aren’t working smart. When I visited some schools, I saw classrooms in which a third of the students slept while the teacher continued lecturing, seemingly undisturbed.
The government has repeatedly tried to humanize the education system, but after each attempt, the hagwons come back stronger. But this time, its reforms are targeting not just the dysfunctional symptom but also the causes. It is working to improve normal public schools by putting teachers and principals through rigorous(严格的)evaluations—which include opinion surveys by students, parents and peer teachers—and requiring additional training for low-scoring teachers. At the same time, the government hopes to reduce the pressure on students. Admissions tests for high schools have been abolished. Middle schoolers are now judged on the basis of their regular grades and an interview. And 500 admissions officers have been appointed to the country’s universities, to judge applicants not only on their test scores and grades but also other abilities. The six government employees were asked to .
A. arrest the students who work late at night |
B. reward citizens who turn in violators |
C. conduct a survey among students |
D. prevent students from studying too late |
In Paragraph 3 toothbrushes and printing presses are mentioned in order to .
A. tell us that they were invented in Asia |
B. show that hagwons play an important role in people’s daily life |
C. show that private tutoring has a long history |
D. tell us that civil service exams are of equal importance as them |
What can be concluded from the passage?
A. Hagwons are the source of South Korea’s educational problem. |
B. Students in South Korea don’t learn efficiently. |
C.It is the teachers and headmasters who are to blame for the educational problem. |
D. Private tutoring is not common in Singapore. |
The main point of the last paragraph is that .
A. it is very difficult to get rid of hagwons |
B. the causes of hagwons have been found |
C. teachers will have a hard time because of the reforms |
D. the government is determined to reform the present education system |
The Internet has come a long way in the last couple of decades, and we’re seeing some noticeable generational trends. For instance, one of my friend’s aunts ”friended me” on Facebook, and I noticed that she had three times the number of Facebook friends as her nephew, despite the fact that she has only recently started to spend more time on the Internet. She spends more time on Facebook than he does. Yet he is part of the younger generation that grew up using the Internet.
The beauty of Facebook is in the packaging of the service. Almost every facet of Facebook is technology that existed from years before: e-mail, instant messaging, photo galleries, personal Web pages, RSS, etc. Facebook has taken these functions, which young people have been able to do for the past decade, and made them more user-friendly, more accessible—for young and older generation alike.
Facebook is the second act in the people’s Internet Revolution; the first being America Online, which spurred the adoption of the Internet in the homes of ordinary Americans. In a similar fashion, Facebook is spurring the adoption of Internet use in demographics that have been dismissed as the non-Internet users. It gives people a reason to be online in a way that simply checking e-mail, the 1996 equivalent, did not. Facebook is active in a way that the general population may find more rewarding.
The ability to communicate (or not communicate) with your friends in different ways also heightens the ‘stickiness’ of the service. For example, it tells you who else is using Facebook right now. You can then exchange instant messages with any of them. There’s always one more thing to check, see, or do on Facebook. It’s like a never-ending dinner party and all your friends and family are invited.Compared with the aunt, the nephew ___ .
A.had 3 times the number of friends |
B.has spent more time on the Internet all the time |
C.spends less time on Facebook |
D.had the access to the Internet only when he grew up |
What does the underlined word in the second paragraph refer to?
A.Young people |
B.Old people |
C.These functions |
D.Young and old people |
Which is true according to the third paragraph?
A.Facebook accelerated the adoption of the Internet in the ordinary families. |
B.America Online was the first act in the Internet Revolution. |
C.Facebook has spurred the application of the Internet use in demographics. |
D.America Online spurred the ordinary use in all od the world families. |
Using Facebook, you can ___.
A.communicate with whoever is using the Facebook right now |
B.do one thing every time |
C.have dinner together with your friends and families |
D.tell you anyone who is not using the Facebook |
What is the main idea of the passage?
A.The drawbacks and the strengths of the Facebook. |
B.Facebook makes the communication more convenient for the old and the young. |
C.People’s Internet Revolution: Facebook. |
D.Facebook and America Online |
Tang Dynasty poets sang for about three centuries in different tones. There were many famous poets living in the Tang period, such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi and Li Shangyin. Poems of the Tang Dynasty edited in the Qing Dynasty is a collection of more than 48,900 poems that were written by over 2,200 poets. But it didn’t cover all the poems of the Tang Dynasty.
During the Tang Dynasty, poems were recited when lovers walked under the moonlight. Poems were also recited when soldiers fought on the battlefield. People recited them in the open air or at temple fairs.
Tang Dynasty poets wrote poems to win fame and also to develop their temperament(性情). They poured our deep feelings for their friends and criticized injustice in the world through poems.
In the Tang Dynasty scholars had to be poets. Their readers were not only people of high social position but also common people. Poets recited poems, women singers sang poems and other ranks of people, including old women and children, read Tang poems. This atmosphere affected foreigners who visited the country at that time. As a result, Tang poetry was introduced to some adjacent countries, like Japan and Vietnam.
Tang poetry is a most brilliant page in the history of ancient Chinese literature. It’s a miracle(奇迹) in the cultural history of mankind. The Tang Dynasty was a powerful empire with a vast territory. It inherited(继承) Chinese civilization that went back to ancient times, was combined with the best of other cultures and adopted the benefits of other nations in the world. Tang poetry wasn’t the only spiritual wealth created by the Tang Dynasty people. Philosophy and religion, handwriting and painting, and music and dance all gained new peaks of development. Tang poetry, however, was the jewel in the crown and its greatest achievement.We can conclude form the passage that ___ .
A.only people in the Tang Dynasty created poems |
B.in total there was four famous poets in the Tang Dynasty |
C.the Tang Dynasty probably existed for about three centuries |
D.in the Tang Dynasty most common people were poets |
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A.Why the poets created poems? |
B.Some other kinds of spiritual wealth in the Tang Dynasty. |
C.The significance and influence if the Tang Dynasty. |
D.The editors of Poems of the Tang Dynasty. |
The underlined word “adjacent”probably means ___ .
A.strong |
B.neighboring |
C.poor |
D.rich |
What does the author really want to tell us in Paragraph 4?
A.Tang Dynasty poems were quite popular. |
B.In the Tang Dynasty all scholars were poets. |
C.Many foreigners came to our country during the Tang Dynasty. |
D.in the Tang Dynasty many poems were sung by women singers. |
Strange stones of Costa Rica
One of the strangest mysteries in archacology was discovered in the Diquis River Delta, in southern Costa Rica. Since the 1930s, hundreds of stone balls have been found. They range in size from a few centimeters to over two metres in diameter.
Who made these perfect spheres(球体) and how they made them remains a mystery. Some researchers believe the stones were made by extreme heating followed by cooling. People could have polished the spheres with sand or leather. The ancient Costa Ricans had no written language so there is no written record of just how they made the spheres.
Almost all are made of granite (花岗岩), a hard stone created by volcanoes. The granite quarries(采石场) were 25 to 30 miles away from the largest stones, which weigh more than 10 tons each. Nobody knows how people moved them..
Many of the stones have been found near the remains of houses or graves. Some believed that the stones contained hidden treasures and a few have been smashed but nothing has been found inside. Despite these losses, the National Museum of Costa Rica has recorded 130 spheres. However, many stones are not included because they have been removed from their original sites and used as ornaments(装饰) in homes, gardens and churches. Clearly, there are also many stones that lie undiscovered.The stones were discovered ___ .
A.near the volcanoes |
B.in southern Costa Rica |
C.in a grave |
D.in churches |
The writer ___ in the passage.
A.admires the spheres very much |
B.doesn’ t believe the spheres were once made by humans |
C.tells us a discovery |
D.thinks highly of the spheres |
The underlined word ”polished” refers to “___”.
A.buried |
B.wrapped |
C.made shining |
D.made big |
According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A.The stone balls found in the Diquis River Delta are all very huge. |
B.The stone balls were unearthed from the graves. |
C.The local people show great interest in the stone balls. |
D.There are a lot of treasures in the stone balls. |
The passage mainly tells us ___ .
A.the stones are of great value. |
B.the stones proved to be made by non-humans. |
C.the stones are mystery. |
D.the stone are ornaments. |
Tang Dynasty poets sang for about three centuries in different tones. There were many famous poets living in the Tang period, such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi and Li Shangyin. Poems of the Tang Dynasty edited in the Qing Dynasty is a collection of more than 48,900 poems that were written by over 2,200 poets. But it didn’t cover all the poems of the Tang Dynasty.
During the Tang Dynasty, poems were recited when lovers walked under the moonlight. Poems were also recited when soldiers fought on the battlefield. People recited them in the open air or at temple fairs.
Tang Dynasty poets wrote poems to win fame and also to develop their temperament(性情). They poured our deep feelings for their friends and criticized injustice in the world through poems.
In the Tang Dynasty scholars had to be poets. Their readers were not only people of high social position but also common people. Poets recited poems, women singers sang poems and other ranks of people, including old women and children, read Tang poems. This atmosphere affected foreigners who visited the country at that time. As a result, Tang poetry was introduced to some adjacent countries, like Japan and Vietnam.
Tang poetry is a most brilliant page in the history of ancient Chinese literature. It’s a miracle(奇迹) in the cultural history of mankind. The Tang Dynasty was a powerful empire with a vast territory. It inherited(继承) Chinese civilization that went back to ancient times, was combined with the best of other cultures and adopted the benefits of other nations in the world. Tang poetry wasn’t the only spiritual wealth created by the Tang Dynasty people. Philosophy and religion, handwriting and painting, and music and dance all gained new peaks of development. Tang poetry, however, was the jewel in the crown and its greatest achievement.We can conclude form the passage that ___ .
A.only people in the Tang Dynasty created poems |
B.in total there was four famous poets in the Tang Dynasty |
C.the Tang Dynasty probably existed for about three centuries |
D.in the Tang Dynasty most common people were poets |
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A.Why the poets created poems? |
B.Some other kinds of spiritual wealth in the Tang Dynasty. |
C.The significance and influence if the Tang Dynasty. |
D.The editors of Poems of the Tang Dynasty. |
The underlined word “adjacent”probably means ___ .
A.strong |
B.neighboring |
C.poor |
D.rich |
What does the author really want to tell us in Paragraph 4?
A.Tang Dynasty poems were quite popular. |
B.In the Tang Dynasty all scholars were poets. |
C.Many foreigners came to our country during the Tang Dynasty. |
D.in the Tang Dynasty many poems were sung by women singers. |
Computers are very important to modern life. Many people think that in the future computers will be used in lots of everyday life. It is thought that we won’t have to go shopping because we will be able to get most things which are sold in shops on the Internet. There will be no more books because we will be able to get all texts from computers. The Internet will be used to play games, see films and buy food. Most telephone calls will be made by computers, too.
Some people are glad about these new ways of shopping and communicating. Others do not think that computers will replace our old ways.
Let’s look at books, for example. Some people think that one day we will not read books made of paper. Instead, we will buy and read books using computers. We will read texts on small pocket computers. The computers will keep many different books in them at the same time. We won’t need to turn lots of pages and paper will be saved. Computerized(计算机化) books will be used more and more.
Is Internet shopping such a pleasure as going to the shop? Many people say it is not. It is a pleasure to go into shops and look at things you want to buy. It is also unlikely that many people will want to read large texts on our computers. Because paper books will perhaps be more friendly. Maybe computers won’t change these two habits.In paragraph 1 it is thought people will use computers for ___.
A.playing games, shopping and making telephone calls |
B.making telephone calls, having meals and seeing films |
C.seeing films, buying food, and going for holidays |
D.playing games, making telephone calls and seeing the doctor |
Which reason for using computerizes books is NOT said in the passage?
A.Computerized books won’t be very expensive. |
B.Computers can keep many different books in them. |
C.We won’t have lots of pages. |
D.We won’t need any paper. |
Paragraph 4 tells ___.
A.about the old and new ways of shopping and communicating |
B.if the Internet will change our habits |
C.about computerized books |
D.about future uses of computers |
The title for this passage is ___ .
A.Computers will replace shops and books |
B.Computers are the future |
C.Computers will do everything for man |
D.How computers change our habits |