Most episodes（情况）of absent- mindedness- forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room-are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter．"You're supposed to remember something, but you haven't encoded （译成密码）it deeply."
Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact（影响）on recalling it later．Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations．If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don't pay attention to what you did because you're involved in a conversation, you'll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe（衣柜）．"Your memory itself isn't failing you,"says Schacter."Rather, you didn't give your memory system the information it needed."
Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness."A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,"says Zelinski,"may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox."Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory depends on just that．
"Visual cues can help prevent absent -mindedness",says Schacter."But be sure the cue is clear and available,"he cautions．If you want to remember to take a medication（药物）with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table-don't leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket．
Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you're there．Most likely, you were thinking about something else．"Everyone does this from time to time,"says Zelinski．The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you'll likely remember．We can learn from the passage that encoding ________．
| A．slows down the process of losing our memories |
| B．helps us understand our memory system better |
| C．gets us to recall something from our memories |
| D．helps us to find out the mobile phone in the pocket |
Why do women have better memories than men?
| A．They seldom use their mobile phones． |
| B．They are more nervous about the environment． |
| C．They are more interested in what's happening around them． |
| D．They usually take some special medicine to improve memories． |
The sentence underlined in Paragraph 4 means that ___________．
| A．a note in the pocket will easily get lost |
| B．putting something in sight can be a good reminder |
| C．taking medicine can get rid of absent-mindedness |
| D．people of absent-mindedness must take medicine with them |
What is the passage mainly about?
| A．The causes of absent-mindedness． |
| B．The environment and memory． |
| C．A way of encoding and recalling． |
| D．The process of gradual memory loss． |
Henry found work in a bookstore after he finished middle school. He wouldn’t do anything but wanted to get rich. Mr. King thought he was too lazy and was going to send him away. Henry was afraid and had to work hard.
It was a cold morning. It was snowing and there was thin ice on the streets. Few people went to buy the books and the young man had nothing to do. He hated to read, so he watched the traffic. Suddenly he saw a bag fall off a truck and it landed by the other side of the street.
“It must be full of expensive things,” Henry said to himself. “I have to get it, or others will take it away. ”
He went out of the shop and ran across the street. A driver saw him and began to whistle (鸣笛), but he didn’t hear it and went on running. The man drove aside, hit a big tree and was hurt in the accident. Two weeks later Henry was taken to court (法庭). A judge asked if he heard the whistle when he was running across the street. He said that something was wrong with his ears and he could hear nothing.
“But you’ve heard me this time.” said the judge.
“Oh, I’m sorry. Now I can hear with one ear.”
“Cover the ear with your hand and listen to me with your deaf (聋的)one. Well, can you hear me? ”
“No, I can’t, Sir.”What was Mr. King?
| A．a driver | B．a doctor |
| C．a policeman | D．a shopkeeper |
Why did Mr. King want to send Henry away?
| A．Because Henry was too lazy. |
| B．Because Henry hoped to be rich. |
| C．Because Henry finished middle school. |
| D．Because Henry sold few books. |
What did a driver do when he saw Henry run across the street?
| A．He drove aside and hit a big tree. |
| B．He began to whistle to him. |
| C．He went out of the bookstore. |
| D．He shouted at him. |
Why did Henry say that he was deaf?
| A．He wanted to have a joke with the judge. |
| B．He wanted to get the judge’s help |
| C．He wanted to find another piece of work |
| D．He didn’t want to pay for the accident. |
3D cinema has been around since the early 20th century, but Hollywood brought the technology back In 2007. Many thought it was just a trick to make more money. But then came Avatar, the first must-see movie in 3D.
But since Avatar, 3D cinema has struggled. In 2010, several 3D movies bombed at the box office. And by late 2010, Some people said the technology was dead. Of course, this isn’t the first time Hollywood has struggled with new technology. Although sound was added to movies in the late 1920s, it took audiences time to get used to the new technology. But in the end, sound and color became the standard. James Cameron, director of Avatar, thinks we’re going through the same process with 3D.
Some say cinemas are charging too much for 3D movies. In the US, seeing a 3D movie can cost up to $7.5 more than seeing it in 2D. Also, a recent study at California State University found audiences don’t actually enjoy movies in 3D any more than in 2D. Walter Murch , a famous movie editor, wrote in 2011 that human beings have no ability to process 3D images. Watching a 3D movie confuses our brain and this is why some people get headaches.
But James Cameron disagrees. In fact, he recently predicted that in five years all movies will be in 3D. And there are signs that 3D is fighting back. More 3D movies were put on the market in 2012 than ever before. The Lion King 3D recently made over US $150 million at the box office, and Cameron’s Titanic 3D made even more.
Who knows what the future holds for 3D? Steven Spielberg recently said, ‘Tm hoping 3D gets to a point where people dorft notice it. Because then it just becomes another tool and helps tell a story.”The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably means that in 2010, 3D movies______
| A．were not successful | B．became popular |
| C．developed quickly | D．were of poor quality |
The example of sound and color is used mainly to show that______.
| A．Hollywood tends to absorb what is new |
| B．3D technology takes time to be accepted |
| C．Hollywood struggles with new technology |
| D．high technology helps to make better movies |
In Walter Murch7S opinion, 3D movies______.
| A．bring moviemakers great profits |
| B．are more expensive than 2D movies |
| C．do great harm to people’s health |
| D．are unsuitable for people to watch |
What can we learn from the text?
| A．Avatar was the first 3D movie. |
| B．3D cinema has existed for years. |
| C．Titanic 3D has made the most money. |
| D．2012 witnessed the coming of 3D’s time. |
Recently, a student used his Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) to film a female teacher scolding and tearing the work of a classmate. The public discussion that the incident caused started on the Internet. However, when it came to the media’s attention, it quickly became a major topic in the education circles. The reactions so far suggest that the focus of the debate has been on one question: whom to blame?
Teachers who are anxious to defend their professional dignity have tried to put the blame on the students. They mentioned their right to privacy 隐私）and for this reason they requested the Ministry of Education (MOE) to prohibit PDAs in schools. On the other hand, some parents and students have taken a different position. They feel that the teacher is also at fault. Caught up in the war of words between both sides, people are no longer interested in the “truth” of the matter which seems now unimportant. It was left to newspapers to discover the central point of the controversial issue, by stressing the problems that are not always easily noticed in our educational system.
For those responsible for educating the young, this PDA incident conveys the message that “Times have changed”，a reality that must have been felt even more strongly by the female teacher when reflecting on this unpleasant experience. Different times call for different professional approaches in education. The ability to understand the students they are teaching has always been the quality of successful teachers. Despite some factors, the incident shows that the teacher lacks good qualities on her part. Besides, the rules under current system to deal with recalcitrant students need to be improved. Also, it is an example which shows the issue we are familiar with: what to do with new technology? With PDA, the new technology, the interaction (交流）between the teacher and students in classroom has been changed.The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to______.
| A．improve the teachers’ way of teaching |
| B．stress the using of PDA in the classroom |
| C．change the students’ behavior in the classroom |
| D．discuss the potential problems of educational system |
The underlined word “recalcitrant” in paragraph 3 probably means______?
| A．difficult to control | B．interested in nothing |
| C．unwilling to learn | D．ready to obey rules |
The writer’s attitude toward the PDA incident is______.
| A．optimistic | B．critical |
| C．uncertain | D．approval |
What might be the best title for the passage?
| A．Whom to blame? |
| B．The PDA incident |
| C．Times have changed |
| D．What to do with new technology? |
NSE Summer School is suitable for those who are at, or are about to start university. It will begin accepting applications in January 2013.
Courses: Accounting and Finance; Economics; Management; Law; International Relations; Government and Society Dates: Session I: 7 July~25 July Session2: 28 July~15 August
Rate: Standard Rate: One session: $1,400; Both session: $2,400
Reduced Student Rate: One session: $1,100; Both session: $1,875
The reduced student rate applies to full-time students registered at a university or college anywhere in the world. Accommodation is not included, and fees range from $500~~$1,000 for 20 nights. Applicant requirements:
If you have studied in the USA then you do not need any additional English qualifications. Students from other countries will generally not require a visa to study at the Summer School； however, you will enter the USA as a “Student Visitor”. You are permitted to change courses before the start of the program and within the first three days of the session.
Contact hours and teaching methods:
Summer School courses are full-time and normally consist of 48 contact hours over the three-week period, taking the form of 36 hours of lectures and 12 hours of classes. Lectures, attended by all students, take place in either the morning or afternoon supplemented by small one-hour classes, of approximately 15 students.
Assessment and examinations:
Assessment for Summer School is based upon the results of either two written examinations, or a final written examination and assessment work. Everyone is required to take the examinations and no exception can be made for any reason.
Summer School lecture series:
Famous economists一Tony Giddens and David Held—have agreed to give lectures to Summer School participants in July in 2013.
If any questions, please click here to see our Frequently Asked Questions/ Contact Us Page.During the course, ______
| A．students can learn about everything from culture to science |
| B．students can choose not to attend the lectures they don’t like |
| C．world-famous economists will give students lessons every day |
| D．all the students must take part in the exams without any excuse |
From the passage, we can learn that______.
| A．the program is specially designed for foreign students |
| B．NSE Summer School 2013 is a university-level program |
| C．students can change their courses whenever they want to |
| D．a visa is required to study at the NSE Summer School 2013 |
The purpose of the advertisement is to______.
| A．attract students to NSE Summer School |
| B．introduce famous economists to students |
| C．help students to pass the final exams |
| D．advertise for new staff for university |
You will most probably find this passage______.
| A．in a newspaper | B．in a guidebook | C．on a webpage | D．in a magazine |
When his book Little Princes began, Conor Grennan was planning a year-long trip around the globe, a journey that began with a three-month volunteer service at the Little Princess Children’s Home, an orphanage (孤儿院）in Nepal.
Arriving there, Conor was immediately welcomed by all the children even though he had no previous experience in working with children. He quickly grew to love the job. But it wasn’t long before Conor came to learn that the children were not orphans at all—they were actually children who had been separated from their parents by a child trafficker (贩子).
This realization turned Conor’s global journey into a strong desire to try to find a way to reunite these children with their families. As a part of his efforts, Conor did a great amount of work when he was back in America. He started up a nonprofit organization called Next Generation Nepal (NGN), raising funds in order to buy a house in Nepal for another children’s home. Then, back in Nepal, he began a life-changing trip into remote villages.
It is really amazing to read about Conor communicating with the children and to read his descriptions of each of them. He made me truly care about the kids. I wanted them to be able to reunite with their families, too! Unfortunately, this was simply not possible for some of the children. But there were some lucky ones. Jagrit, for example, had thought for years that both his parents were dead. So, Conor was surprised when he visited Jagrifs village and was introduced to the boy’s father!
Conor successfully found many of the families of the children and also found his future wife while in Nepal.What do we know about Little Princess Children’s Home?
| A．Many children ended there due to illegal trade. |
| B．The children in it are all orphans. |
| C．It is a worldwide profitable organization. |
| D．It has many branches all over Nepal. |
In order to help the children, Conor ______.
a. decided to remain single
b. set up the organization NGN
c. visited some remote villages
d. fought against child traffickers
e. gave up his plan to travel worldwide
| A．a, b, d | B．b, c, d | C．b，c，e | D．c，d，e |
It can be learned from the text that Conor Grennan______.
| A．is a friend of the author | B．likes teaching very much |
| C．has already settled in Nepal | D．is the author of Little Princes |