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NEMS |
NEWRI Environmental Master of Science |
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| NEWRI: Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute |
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| Be a leader in environmental science and engineering through the NEMS programme |
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| NEWRI Environmental Master of Science(NEMS) is a primary graduate education and research programme conducted by Nanyang Technological University’s (NTU’s) NEWRI, with summer attachment at Stanford University. It aims to train engineers and scientists to meet the increasing environmental challenges for Asia and the wider region. |
NEWRI-Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute NEWRI is enabling Singapore to be a global center of environmental science and technology in providing technological solutions to the world. It is committed to environmental and water technologies through its ecosystem of education, research and developmental activities. NEWRI is trying its best to pull together NTU’s water and environment-related centers and institutes, gathering one another’s strengths for the benefit of industry and society. |
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| Master of Science Applications ● Applications open now and close on 30 May 2013 for Singapore applicants. ● Graduates having relevant engineering or science background, including final-year students, are invited to apply. ● Applicants are required to have a certificate of GRE. Further information and application materials are available at the Website: http:// www. Cee.ntu.edu.sg/Graduate/NEMS |
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| Highlights of Programme: ★ Students spend a full summer term at Stanford taking regular courses and continue with the rest of their academic programme at NTU. ★ It is a 12-month full-time course in environmental science & engineering. ★Students under NEMS will have opportunities to do research projects under NEWRI as well as to continue for the Doctor’s degree. ★ Graduating students receive the NTU degree and a certificate from Stanford for their summer attachment. |
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| Scholarship for tuition grants and living expenses at both Stanford and NTU are available |
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| Enquiry contact: Ms Christian Soh Tel：(65) 6861 0507 Fax:(65) 68614606 Email: nems@ntu.edu.sg Information on other graduate programmes available at： www.ntu.edu.sg/cee/program/postgrad.asp |
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If one wants to apply for the NEMS programme, it is essential for him to __________.
| A．have passed the GRE test |
| B．make contact with Ms Soh |
| C．possess a university diploma |
| D．major in engineering or science |
Students admitted to the NEMS Programme __________.
| A．are required to obtain a Doctor’s degree |
| B．will first have regular courses at Stanford |
| C．needn’t be released from their regular jobs |
| D．can receive degrees of both NTU and Stanford |
What’s the main purpose of the NEMS programme?
| A．To offer scholarship for tuition grants and living expenses. |
| B．To strengthen the cooperation between NTU and Stanford. |
| C．To train experts on environmental science and engineering. |
| D．To introduce Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute. |
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens（标本）, and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias（使有偏差）data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
（1）What do we know about the records of species collected now?
| A． |
They are becoming outdated. |
B． |
They are mostly in electronic form. |
| C． |
They are limited in number. |
D． |
They are used for public exhibition. |
（2）What does Daru’s study focus on?
| A． |
Threatened species. |
B． |
Physical specimens. |
| C． |
Observational data. |
D． |
Mobile applications. |
（3）What has led to the biases according to the study?
| A． |
Mistakes in data analysis. |
B． |
Poor quality of uploaded pictures. |
| C． |
Improper way of sampling. |
D． |
Unreliable data collection devices. |
（4）What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?
| A． |
Review data from certain areas. |
B． |
Hire experts to check the records. |
| C． |
Confirm the identity of the users. |
D． |
Give guidance to citizen scientists. |
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset（心态）and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis（假说）”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio（音频）and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
（1）What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean?
| A． |
Seem unlikely to last. |
B． |
Seem hard to explain. |
| C． |
Become ready to use. |
D． |
Become easy to notice. |
（2）What does the shallowing hypothesis assume?
| A． |
Readers treat digital texts lightly. |
B． |
Digital texts are simpler to understand. |
| C． |
People select digital texts randomly. |
D． |
Digital texts are suitable for social media. |
（3）Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers?
| A． |
They can hold students’ attention. |
B． |
They are more convenient to prepare. |
| C． |
They help develop advanced skills. |
D． |
They are more informative than text. |
（4）What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
| A． |
Students should apply multiple learning techniques. |
| B． |
Teachers should produce their own teaching material. |
| C． |
Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. |
| D． |
Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. |
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture（针灸）on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians（兽医）now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic（按摩疗法）and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.”
（1）What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him?
| A． |
He’s odd. |
B． |
He’s strict. |
C． |
He’s brave. |
D． |
He’s rude. |
（2）Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets?
| A． |
He was trained in it at university. |
B． |
He was inspired by another veterinarian. |
| C． |
He benefited from it as a patient. |
D． |
He wanted to save money for pet owners. |
（3）What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
| A． |
Steps of a chiropractic treatment. |
B． |
The complexity of veterinarians’ work. |
| C． |
Examples of rare animal diseases. |
D． |
The effectiveness of holistic medicine. |
（4）Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association?
| A． |
To prove Farber’s point. |
B． |
To emphasize its importance. |
| C． |
To praise veterinarians. |
D． |
To advocate animal protection. |
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive（侵入的）plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
GROUPS
Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
We’ll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills（满足）community service requirements.
UPCOMING EVENTS
（1）What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team?
| A． |
To discover mineral resources. |
B． |
To develop new wildlife parks. |
| C． |
To protect the local ecosystem. |
D． |
To conduct biological research. |
（2）What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team?
| A． |
5. |
B． |
10. |
C． |
15. |
D． |
18. |
（3）What are the volunteers expected to do?
| A． |
Bring their own tools. |
B． |
Work even in bad weather. |
| C． |
Wear a team uniform. |
D． |
Do at least three projects. |
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What is moderation（适度）? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. （1） But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love.
Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. （2） It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. （3）
Control emotional（情绪的）eating. （4） Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings.
（5） A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism（新陈代谢）, while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.
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A. Eat properly throughout the day. B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger. C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. |