A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.
The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96. The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.
Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.
The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.
“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,” wrote Frieder R. Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.
Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.
“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施),” the authors wrote.
Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.
The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.
However, the researchers said a pattern was clear. “We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic,” the authors concluded.According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?
| A．Optimistic adults. |
| B．Middle-aged adults. |
| C．Adults in poor health. |
| D．Adults of lower income. |
Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people ______.
| A．to fully enjoy their present life |
| B．to estimate their contribution accurately |
| C．to take measures against potential risks |
| D．to value health more highly than wealth |
How do people of higher income see their future?
| A．They will earn less money. |
| B．They will become pessimistic. |
| C．They will suffer mental illness. |
| D．They will have less time to enjoy life. |
What is the clear conclusion of the study?
| A．Pessimism guarantees chances of survival. |
| B．Good financial condition leads to good health. |
| C．Medical treatment determines health outcomes. |
| D．Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age. |
When you watch a movie in the cinema, you may wonder how “the moving pictures” is made and where the voices, and noises and music come from. Now here is the answer.
In modern times, the middle part of a cinema film has lots of small photographs, each one of which is different from the one before it. Each photograph is brought in front of a strong light, and there it stops for a very small part of a second. This photograph, therefore, appears on the screen, and we see it. Then the light is covered and the next photograph is moved to the position in the front of the strong light. Meanwhile, the metal cover turns away from the light. Thus, the second photograph is shown on the screen. This is done again and again, twenty-four times a second, and we think we are watching a moving picture on the screen. But nothing on the screen actually moves. ”The moving picture” is in fact made up of a lot of bits. We see about 86,000 different pictures every hour, but none of them moves.
The voices, noises and music are recorded on the side of the cinema film. The record looks like marks of strange shapes. The side of the film passes in front of another light, and the rays of light which pass through change as the marks change. These marks have been made from the voices and other sounds of the people and events in front of the cinema when the film is being made. The marks may be considered as “printed sounds”.
1. When a cinema film is shown, how long does each photograph appear on the screen?
A. One twenty-third of a second.
B. One twenty-fourth of a second
C. A few seconds
D. One thirty-fifth of a second.
2. Why can we see pictures moving on the screen?
A. We see about 86,000 different pictures every hour.
B. Each picture is a little different from the former.
C. Photographs change quickly.
D. Both B and C.
3. What is a cinema film made up of?
A. Small photographs and a strong light.
B. Small photographs and the sounds.
C. A lot of bits.
D. Voices and photographs.
4. Which is the true about the sound record?
A. It sounds strange.
B. It looks as irregular marks.
C. It is printed in the middle of a film.
D. It is made while the film is being shown on the screen.
第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，共40分）。
Live Music—Late Night Jazz
Enjoy real American jazz from Herbie Davis, the famous trumpet player. He is known to play well into the early hours, so don’t want to get much sleep.
| PLACE: The Jazz Club DATES:15—23 June PRICE: RMB100—150 TIME: 10 p.m. till late! TEL: 4668736 |
Scottish dancing is nice and easy to learn. The wonderful dance from England will be given.
| PLACE: Jack Stein’s DATES:10—20 May PRICE: RMB150 TIME: 7--10 p.m. TEL: 4021877 |
Shows – Anhui Museum
There are 12, 000 pieces on the show here. You can see the whole of Chinese history.
| PLACE: Anhui Museum DATES:30Mar.—30 June PRICE:RMB60(RMB30 for students) TEL: 4886888 TIME: Mon.—Fri. 9a.m.---5 p.m. Weekends 9 a.m.---9 p.m. |
Your pen friend is coming from Australia to your city for a holiday. You send him this E-mail to tell his something about the hotels.
| ROSE ＨＯＴＥＬ |
ＳＵＮ ＨＯＴＥＬ |
|
| ＤＡＴＥＳ |
ＰＲＩＣＥＳ（a night） |
ＰＲＩＣＥＳ（a night） |
| 1 Oct.—31Dec. |
REM198 |
RMB168 |
| 1 Jan.—31Mar. |
RMB178 |
RMB148 |
| 1 Apr.—30Apr. (closed) |
||
| 1 May—31 May |
RMB218 |
RMB188 |
| 1 Jun.---30 Sep. |
RMB248 |
RMB208 |
TEL：4686788 E-mail: Li Hong @163.com
1. If you want to watch dancing, you can call _____ .
A. 4668736 B. 4021877 C. 4886888 D. 4686788
2. You can see the whole of Chinese history at _____ in April in Anhui Museum.
A. 3 p.m. every day B. 9 p.m. from Monday to Friday
C. 7 a.m. at the weekends D. 7 p.m. every day
3. You can enjoy _____ at Jack Stein’s.
A. American Jazz B. Scottish C. 12,000 pieces on show D. yourself all night
4. Sun Hotel and Rose Hotel are open for _____ months of the year.
A. nine B. ten C. eleven D. twelve
“Migrant workers”（外来务工人员）is a familiar term for 17 -year- old Shi Jian. Her father and uncle often talk about the problems surrounding this group of people. However, Shi cares more about the children of these migrant workers.
Last year Shi’s housekeeper’s daughter had to give up her schooling in Beijing because she would not be allowed to sit the national college entrance exam. She was forced to continue her high school education in her hometown in Sichuan Province.
Shi thinks the current law is unfair for migrant workers’ children, as it prevents them from studying at public schools, unless their parents pay huge sums. So, Shi decided to do a survey of migrant workers so that she could find some solutions to help solve the problem.
In the last six months Shi has spoken to 186 migrant workers in Beijing. Her interviewees include babysitters, guards, keepers, supermarket clerks, house cleaners and construction site workers. Shi found out that 55 of them were parents. Among this group, only eight have children who attend schools in Beijing. The other 47 had to leave children with relatives in the countryside. However, 40 of the 47 would like to enroll（使入学）their children in city schools.
From her interviews, Shi found that the workers’ lowest income was 400 yuan each month. Over one - third earn a monthly wage of or below 1000 yuan. “Even schools for migrant workers’ children charge more than public schools. Moreover, parents constantly worry about these schools closing or relocating,” she explained.
Shi has recently completed a report about her survey, in which she makes a series of recommendations. “The government can set up public schools for migrants’ children equal to schools for city children. Second, to offset（弥补）migrant workers’ very low pay, public schools should offer them special rates so they can afford their children’s tuition（学费）.
1. What drove Shi to do the survey of migrant workers?
A. She wanted to draw people’s attention and become famous.
B. Her housekeeper’s daughter was forced to move to her hometown to continue studying.
C. She was asked to do a survey of migrant workers as part of a school project.
D. Her curiosity about migrant workers’lives.
2. According to Shi’s survey, most migrant workers’kids ________.
A. have to help their parents support the family
B. attend schools near their parents’ working places
C. don’t live together with their parents
D. always do better in schools than children from the city
3. All of the following prevent migrant workers’ kids from attending schools in cities EXCEPT ________.
A. their parents’ low income
B. that schools for migrant workers’ children may close or relocate
C. schools’ high tuitions
D. their lack of confidence to face the fierce competitions in city schools
4. Shi suggested in her survey that ________.
A. children’s tuition should be reduced
B. more money should be collected for migrants’ children
C. more private schools for migrants’ children should be built
D. students from the city and the countryside should be encouraged to communicate more
Seriously dry conditions are affecting the lives of 50 million people in Southwestern China. Premier Wen Jiabao has visited drought -plagued Yunnan Province and called for intensified（加强的）and consistent efforts to relieve the situation. Qujing is one of the regions suffering most from the drought in Yunnan province.
Premier Wen Jiabao’s 3 - day visit aimed at comforting affected locals and directing relief work.
He visited a number of farms and spoke to the local people. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said,“As long as we unite together, we can surely overcome this big disaster. ”
Premier Wen called on villagers to dig more wells and construct additional aqueducts （高架）, while also encouraging them to save water. The drought has made more than 16 million people and 11 million livestock short of drinking water. Wen Jiabao told local authorities that priority（首要事情）should be given to guarantee the water supply for locals.
Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao inspects the cracked bottom of the Degehaizi Reservoir in Luliang County, southwest China’s Yunnan Province, March 20, 2010. During a three -day inspection trip in the drought -plagued Yunnan Province ending on Sunday, Premier Wen visited Qujing City, one of the regions that suffered the most from the severe（十分严重的）drought ravaging since last October, to comfort the affected locals and direct relief work. （Xinhua/Yao Dawei）
The drought has also affected more than 4 million hectares of farmland with almost a quarter of that unable to yield crops any more.
The Premier asked the farmers to do what they can to make preparations for spring farming. He also warned locals of possible wildfires and urged local officials to maintain the stability of market prices and social stability.
Since autumn last year, southwest China, including Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou provinces, the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chongqing Municipality, have received only half the amount of rainfall they usually get.
1. What’s the main idea of paragraph one?
A. People in Yunnan province face the most serious situation.
B. Southwestern China, especially Qujing suffers from the severe drought.
C. Premier Wen calls on people to relieve tile drought.
D. 50 million people in Qujing are affected by the drought.
2. Which of tile following shows Premier Wen’s attitude towards the drought?
A. worried but confident B. optimistic
C. upset D. pessimistic
3. According to the text, which statement is false?
A. Premier Wen’s visit is to comfort the locals and guide relief work.
B. The drought led to a quarter of farmland being unable to yield crops any more.
C. Wildfires have been caused by the drought several times.
D. The officials are urged to maintain the social stability.
4. The best title for the passage would be ________.
A. Premier Wen pays a visit to Qujing
B. The severe drought affects the Southwestern China
C. Chinese Premier urges redoubled drought - relief efforts
D. The practial ways to deal with the severe drought
This is why Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo came back.
The Chinese pair finally won the Olympic gold medal that eluded （避开） them for so many years Monday night, a prize so compelling it lured（诱使）them out of the cozy life of a happily retired married couple. It wasn’t the best skate of their career, but it was good enough for gold and that was all that mattered.
Their score of 216. 57 points was more than three points ahead of teammates Pang Qing and Tong Jian. When Shen and Zhao finished their routine, Zhao knelt to the ice, burying his face in his hands while his wife patted his back. He pumped his fist several times while she smiled, her grin was so bright it could light up the entire arena（圆形运动场）.
Aliona Savchenko and Robin Szolkowy of Germany dropped to the bronze medal after a flawed free skate.
It’s the first time since 1960 that a Russian or Soviet couple isn’t atop the Olympic platform, ending one of the longest winning streaks in sports. Perhaps even more shocking, the Russians are leaving empty - handed, with no medals of any color.
Shen and Zhao, bronze medalists at the last two Olympic Games, retired after winning their third title in 2007. They got married, and lived the easy life of retirees, doing shows and appearances. But something was missing--that gold medal.
1. Which statement is WRONG according to paragraph one?
A. It was the Chinese pair who eventurelly won the Olympic gold medal.
B. The Chinese pair performed the excellent skate of their career.
C. The Chinese pair have been living a comfortable life.
D. The Chinese pair don’t get along well with each other.
2. From paragraph two and three, we can learn ________.
A. Shen and Zhao’s efforts paid off at last
B. Shen was so tired that she knelt to the ice
C. Pang and Tong won the bronze medal
D. The German pair ranked the second place
3. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “grin” ?
A. wide smile B. happy laugh C. excited feeling D. happiness
4. What can we know from the passage?
A. The Soviet pair also got some medals in the Olympic.
B. Shen and Zhao retired in 2007 and got married after they got their silver medal.
C. It’s the gold medal that lures them back to the Olympic.
D. The German pair always performed well during the competition.