Nowadays, girls are so mean to each other. Many girls are becoming the victims of the harmful behaviors of the female bully.
Emma Tracey was a popular 17-year-old and a well-liked athlete who had already won a soccer scholarship to college. But none of that stopped Emma from becoming the target of online girl on girl bullying (欺凌). Emma began to receive hundreds of online unpleasant comments via the latest social networking site called www.formspring.com.
In March 2011, Emma committed suicide and although all agreed that the online bother was not the single factor that led to Emma’ death, everyone did agree that it was a contributory factor.
Unfortunately, Emma’ story is not unique. A 2010 study conducted by the Cyberbullying Research Center states “Cyberbullying victims were almost twice as likely to have attempted suicide compared to youth who had not experienced cyberbullying. Girls are 57% more likely to be victims of aggressive cyberbullying and 92% more likely to be the criminals.”
Suicide is obviously the extreme and no one can minimize the tragedy of it. However, there are other damages that occur as a result of aggressive bullying. It can damage self-confidence and lead to feelings of worthlessness, and also increase social isolation and make victims become withdrawn, depressed, anxious, and unsafe. So what causes girls to be so unkind towards each other?
A term known as relational aggression may best describe the cause of girl on girl bullying. It starts with a clique (派系) usually led by a girl with a high level of social status and popularity. In order not to lose her position, she will control girls within the clique and take action if she feels threatened. At the leader’s directive the girls within the clique will spread rumors and lies and annoy other girls continuously.
The bullying starts at school but will quickly go to cyberbullying due to anonymity (匿名) and lack of punishment. Girls will easily do so in the anonymity of the Internet. Finally the cause will be summarized as the unsafety and jealousy of one girl and the twisted loyalty of members within her clique. Underneath the confident exterior (外表) of a female bully lie desperate unsafety.The example of Emma Tracey is given to show .
| A．popular youth are not easy to become the target of bullying |
| B．today’s youth don’t like to study any more |
| C．suicide is a serious problem among youth |
| D．cyberbullying is quite common among teenagers |
The bullying will quickly go to cyberbullying mainly because .
| A．it’s free to post comments online |
| B．the bullies don’t have to give their names online |
| C．it will not attract much attention |
| D．it will not affect their real life |
Which of the following is NOT the cause of bullying?
| A．Lack of safety |
| B．The twisted loyalty of members within a clique |
| C．Jealousy of others |
| D．Trying to be friendly |
We can infer from the last paragraph that a female bully .
| A．has strong self-confidence |
| B．has strong leadership skills |
| C．is actually weak inside |
| D．is usually good at study |
Last Sunday, Aron Ralston, an experienced hiker and mountaineer, set off to walk alone through the Bluejohn desert canyon (峡谷) in Utah. He was planning an eight-hour, 21–kilometer hike. While he was climbing through a narrow part of the canyon, a big stone weighing about 400 kilos fell and trapped his right arm.
When he failed to return to the mountain camp where he was staying that night, people simply thought he had decided to camp out somewhere in the canyon. When he still had not returned by Tuesday, the alarm was raised, A search party set out on Wednesday evening, but there we no sign and his family began to fear the worst.
In fact, Ralston, 27, was lying trapped in the canyon. By Tuesday, he had run out of water. By Thursday, he realized that he would not survive unless he took unusual action, so he used his pocket knife to cut his arm below the elbow (肘). He then climbed down to the bottom of the canyon. There he met two other hikers, who helped him back to safety. He received some help at a local hospital before being carried to St. Mary’s hospital in Grand Junction, Colorado for surgery.
Ralston’s astonishing survival brought equal amounts of praise and criticism. While praising the climber for his bravery and calm, experts also pointed out he had broken the first rule of outdoor pursuits. He had failed to leave words with anyone of where he was going that day.
This was in fact Ralston’s second near-death experience. In February, he was buried up to the neck in snow by an avalanche (雪崩) while skiing in the Colorado Rockies. Ralston not only managed to dig himself out but he also rescued his skiing companion, who had been completely buried in the snow. Ralton rescued himself and his friend in less than 15 minutes.According to the passage, a “hiker” is probably someone who _______.
| A．enjoys walking short distances |
| B．enjoys walking long distances |
| C．climbs rocks and mountains |
| D．likes adventure |
When a big stone trapped his right arm, ________.
| A．he went on climbing the canyon |
| B．he managed to return to the mountain lodge |
| C．he cut off part of his arm to survive |
| D．two other hikers helped him out |
Why did Ralston’s survival bring criticism?
| A．Because this was his second near-death experience. |
| B．Because he was brave and calm. |
| C．Because he told no one where he was going when he set off. |
| D．Because he amputated his arm below the elbow. |
Which of the following describes what happened to Aron Ralston?
a.A large heavy stone hit him and landed on his arm.
b.He had to cut off part of his arm to get it out
c.He was going through a narrow valley.
d.A search party set out to look for him
e.He climbed down to the bottom of the canyone.
| A．c,a,d,b,e | B．c,e,a,d,b |
| C．c,a,b,d,e | D．c,e,a,b,d |
If you’d like to go sightseeing, the following World Heritage Sites may be your best choices.
Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area
The Jiuzhaigou Valley, which lies in the northern part of Sichuan Province, reaches a height of more than 4,800 meters, with a series of different forest ecosystems (生态系统). There you can enjoy watching excellent waterfalls . Some 140 kinds of birds also live in the valley, as well as a number of endangered plants and animals, including the giant panda. For more information, please visit http: // whc, unesco, org// en/ list/637.
Khaml Ruins National Monument
The city of Khami, which developed after the capital of Great Zimbabwe had been given up in the mid-16th century, is of great archaeological (考古的) interest. The discovery of objects from Europe and China shows that Khami was a major centre for trade over a long period of time. For more information, please visit http:// whc, unesco, org/ en/ list/365.
Henderson Island
Henderson Island, which lies in the eastern South Pacific, is one of the few atolls (环礁)in the world whose ecology has not been touched by human beings It is especially famous for the ten plants and four land birds that can only be seen on the island. For more information, please visit http:// whc.unesco.org/ en/ list 487.
The Old City of Jerusalem
As a holy city for three different religions in the Middle East, Jerusalem has always been of great religious importance. It was given a World Heritage Status in 1981 and placed on the “List of World Heritage in Danger” the following year. For more information, please visit http:// whc. unesco.org/ en/ list 148.What can we know about the Jiuzhaigou Valley?
| A．It sits at the foot of a 4,800-meter high mountain. |
| B．It has different forest ecosystems |
| C．Most of China’s endangered plants can be found there. |
| D．In all about 140 kinds of birds and animals live there. |
The discovery of some of the objects in Khami shows that the city ____.
| A．had a very short history |
| B．was ruined in the mid-16th century |
| C．was once Great Zimbabwe’s largest city |
| D．once played a great role as a trade centre |
From the passage we can learn that Henderson Island ________.
| A．hasn’t been greatly influenced by human activities |
| B．isn’t suitable for humans to live on |
| C．has been open to visitors for years |
| D．is made up of a few large atolls |
If you are interested in religion, you should visit ______.
| A．http:// whc. unesco.org/ en/ list/ 148 |
| B．http:// whc. unesco.org/ en/ list 365 |
| C．http:// whc. unesco.org/ en/ list 487 |
| D．http:// whc. unesco.org/ en/ list 637 |
Some of my friends are making big decisions in their life: Which universities should they apply to? I also notice that many high school students in China are thinking of studying at universities abroad. Unluckily, from what I’ve seen, the information given by some websites and other media about studying abroad is very limited and sometimes even wrong.
There was once a Chinese girl who hoped that she could go to Columbia University in the US because she wanted to major in journalism. However, they have no journalism program at the undergraduate level! What’s more, in both Canada and the US, it’s not suggested that students throw themselves into journalism right after high school. School say that students should take in more knowledge about the world and writing before entering that field.
The University of Waterloo, a Canadian university famous for its engineering program, is another example. The emphasis (重视)of engineering in this school may go beyond your expectations. According to our teachers, this university spent millions of dollars building a library just for engineering students. The school’s computer science, mathematics and accounting are also great programs for students.
But, to be honest, according to my friends who have visited this university, the campus and the food are not very nice. Maybe this is because the school stresses its academic( 学术)strengths too much, thereby paying little attention to personal comforts.
Now you see, choosing a university is really not that easy. We need to do good research and consult as many people as possible before making a decision.For high school students it’s very important to __________.
| A．choose a proper university |
| B．study at American universities |
| C．learn the information about websites |
| D．supply the information about studying abroad |
Who can major in journalism program in Columbia University?
| A．Chinese girls. | B．Graduates. |
| C．Undergraduates. | D．High school students. |
From Paragraphs 3 and 4 we can learn in the University of Waterloo _______.
| A．engineering program is as famous as computer science |
| B．engineering students are the most intelligent |
| C．the campus is very small and dirty |
| D．the library for engineering students is very good |
What’s the best title for the passage?
| A．Choosing a university is not easy. |
| B．How to study at universities abroad. |
| C．A Chinese girl and Columbia University. |
| D．Academic strengths of the University of Waterloo. |
China’s new popular word, “tuhao”, may be taken in next year’s Oxford English dictionary. The word caught the attention of the dictionary’s editing team after BBC’s recent program on influential Chinese words.
“If its influence continues, it is very likely to appear on our updated list of words,” said Julie Kleeman, project manager with the editing team. Kleeman told the Beijing Youth Daily that “tuhao” has some similarities with the English word “bling”, which refers to expensive, ostentatious (阔绰的) clothing or jewelry. Both the two words have existed for long but later on took a new meaning.
In Chinese, “tu” means rude and “hao” means rich. It has traditionally been referred to rich people who throw their weight around in China’s rural areas. In recent years, people in the ACG (anime, comic and game) circle borrowed the term to describe those who spend money in an unreasonable manner.
The word gained acceptance in September with the launch (投放) of Apple’s new gold-colored iPhone, an item loved by China’s nouveau riche (暴发户). The color became known as “tuhao gold”.The word is now often used by the online community to refer to people who have the cash but lack the class to go with it.
Kleeman also mentioned another Chinese word “dama” which may also be taken in the dictionary.
“Dama”, meaning middle-aged women, was first used in the Western media by the Wall Street Journal in May when thousands of Chinese women were buying up record number of gold. They were the driving force in the global gold market between April and June when the gold prices had dropped. “People can have an intuitive (直觉的)grasp of the meanings if they see pinyin”, Kleeman said adding that people avoided using an English word to keep the original meaning. The new words will be first uploaded on the official website before the dictionaries arrive. The online version is also renewed every three months.Why is the word “tuhao” likely to be taken in Oxford English Dictionary?
| A．Because it represents noble and rich |
| B．Because it has the same meaning with an English word. |
| C．Because its influence becomes bigger and bigger |
| D．Because it is popular in online game circle. |
What’s the similarity between “tuhhao” and “dama”?
| A．Both take new meanings. |
| B．Both were created in British. |
| C．Both will be uploaded in the next dictionary version. |
| D．They have the same meaning. |
What’s the main idea of the passage?
A, The popularity of the two words “tubao” and “dama”.
B. The possibility to be taken in Oxford English Dictionary for “tuhao” and “dama”.
C. The new meanings of the two words “tuhao” and “dama”
D. The influence of Chinese in modern world.The passage most probably belongs to _____________.
| A．a social survey | B．an advertisement |
| C．a news report | D．a publishing notice |
Career education is instruction intended to help young people identify, choose, and prepare for a career. Such instruction may focus on a person’s role in work, leisure, or family life. Career education differs from vocational education, which is designed to teach specific occupational skills.
Career education includes the formal and informal learning that occurs in the family, in the community, and in schools. In schools, career education consists of instructive activities included in many courses. These activities are designed to improve the attitudes, knowledge, and skills important for work roles. Career education helps students develop self- understanding and use it to plan their education and working life.
A complete career education program in school begins in kindergarten and continues at least through high school. Many colleges and universities also offer career education through their counseling(咨询) programs. In kindergartens and elementary schools, youngsters learn about different types of work. In middle schools or junior high school, children begin to explore the occupations and leisure activities that interest them most. In high school, students get more specific information about occupations and life styles. They may be in classroom, small group, or individual sessions where they learn how to make career decisions. They also should obtain the skills they need for further study or for a job after graduation. Counselors provide information on such matters as how to locate and apply for jobs and how to be successful in interviews. Teachers and counselors use a variety of methods to provide career education, including films about occupations or industries. Children may invite parents or other adults to come to school and describe their jobs. A student may accompany a worker on the job. Cooperative education combines classroom study with practical work experience.According to the passage, which statement is true?
| A．Career education is carried out in primary schools only. |
| B．Career education is carried out in middle schools only. |
| C．Career education is carried out in colleges only. |
| D．Career education is carried out in the whole process of people’s education—from kindergarten to university. |
It may be inferred from the passage that _________.
| A．not only teachers but also parents are responsible for youngsters’ career education |
| B．in high schools, students know more specific information about occupations |
| C．career education may be in classroom, small group, or individual sessions |
| D．teachers use a variety of methods to provide career education, including films |
A child may get career education in all the following places EXCEPT _________.
| A．schools | B．homes |
| C．communities | D．public places |
The underlined word “combine” in the last paragraph means “to ________”.
| A．connect | B．force |
| C．provide | D．attempt |