The family sphere(范围) used to be defined by its isolation from the public realm. There was the public male realm（领域）of "rational accomplishment" and cruel competition, and the private female and child-rearing sphere of home, intuition（直觉）and emotion. The private realm was supposed to be isolated from the realities of adult life. For both better and worse, television and other electronic media tend to break down the difference between those two worlds. The membrane around the family sphere is much more permeable(可渗透的). TV takes public events and transforms them into dramas that are played out in the privacy of our living rooms, kitchens and bedrooms.
Parents used to be the channel through which children learned about the outside world. They could decide what to tell their children and when to tell it to them. Since children learn to read in stages, books provide a kind of natural screening process, where adults can decide what to tell and not tell children of different reading abilities. Television destroyed the system that separated adult from child knowledge and separated information into year-by-year slices for children of different ages. Instead, it presents the same information directly to children of all ages, without going through adult filters.
So television presents a real challenge to adults. While a parent can read a newspaper without sharing it with children in the same room, television is accessible to everyone in that space. And unlike books, television doesn't allow us to flip（翻转）through it and see what's coming up. We may think we're giving our children a lesson in science by having them watch the Challenger take off, and then suddenly they learn about death, disaster and adult mistakes.
Books allow adults to discuss privately what to tell or not tell children. This also allows parents to keep adult material secret from children and keep their secret keeping secret. Take that same material and put it on The Today Show and you have 800,000 children hearing the very things the adults are trying to keep from them. "Television takes our kids across the globe before parents give them permission to cross the street."
More importantly, children gradually learn that adults are worried and anxious about being parents. Actually, television has also places families under a lot of stress.
How Television Changes Childhood?
| Main comparisons |
Contexts |
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| Distance between __ |
Homes used to be isolated from the ____ |
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| Homes nowadays are __ |
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| Media through which children can obtain information |
In the past, children might learn __ |
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| More information is got directly through TV and other electronic media, which breaks down the __ |
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| ___ |
Traditionally, kids could only knew what they should learn at their age, carefully___ |
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| Everything can possibly be known by children, including many aspects of __ |
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| Effects on family education |
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| Parental instruction |
Families are now under greater stress than before. Adults are anxious about being parents and faced with new __ |
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第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1．5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答卷标号为31-40的相应位置上。
Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. 31 a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar 32 information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The ideal student is considered to be 33who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned with brief 34 (write) comments but without a grade.Even if a grade is not given, the student is responsible for learning the material assigned. When research 35 (assign), the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum 36 (guide). It is the student's responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain 37 a university library works; they expect students,particularly graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference origins in the library.Professors will help students who need it, but prefer that their students should not be too dependent on them. In the United States, professors have many other duties 38teaching, such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time 39 a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited. If 40 student has problems with classroom work, the student should either approach a professor during either office hours or make an appointment.
III.语法填空（共10题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在标号为31—40的空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Tyler was born infected with HIV; his mother was infected. When he was 5, he had a tube surgically (adv. 如外科手术般地) inserted in a vein in his chest. This tube was 31 (connect) to a pump, which he carried in a small backpack on his back. 32 times, he also needed extra oxygen to support his breathing.
Tyler was 33 (will) to give up one single moment of his childhood in spite of this deadly disease. Those 34 knew him wondered at his pure joy in being 35（live）and the energy it gave him. Tyler’s mother often made jokes on him by telling him that he moved so fast that she needed to dress him in red. That was, when she looked through the window to check on him playing in the yard, she could quickly find him.
In the end, he grew quite ill and 36 (fortune), so did his HIV-infected mother. When 37 became clear that he wasn’t going to survive, Tyler’s mother talked to him about death. She comforted Tyler 38telling him that she was 39 (die), too, and that she would be with him soon in heaven.
A few days before his death, Tyler singed me to his hospital bed and whispered, “I might die soon. I’m not 40 (scare). When I die, please dress me in red. Mom promised she was coming to heaven, too. I’ll be playing when she gets there, and I want to make sure that she can find me.”
第二卷（非选择题共35分）
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节短文填词（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，根据以下提示：
1）汉语提示，2）首字母提示，3）语境提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词，并将该词完整地写在右边相对应的横线上。所填单词要求意义准确，拼写正确。
Recently, there has been a heated debate over whether to send old
people to nursing homes or not．People differ in their o____．Here list 76．
the ideas of supporters．L______ in nursing homes, as they say, old 77．
people can enjoy more benefits ____ staying at home．For one aspect, 78．
they can have more opportunities to ____（交流） with each other, as 79．
they have c topics and similar hobbies．Therefore, they can do many 80．
things together and don't feel _____（孤独）．On the other hand, if they 81．
live at home, they may quarrel _____ their children because of the 82．
generation gap between _____．Another aspect, which is highly valued 83．
by the supporters, is that old people can have ____（定期） medical check- 84．
ups and r___ immediate medical care from professional doctors． 85．
第二节：语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
One evening, I came across one of my son’s papers with a failing grade. I almost started to yell his name 31 I suddenly remembered he was in bed asleep. It was his 32 (nine) year of school and his academic career seemed to be in ruins, so I was full of anger. But I put the paper aside and turned to the 33 one, at the top of which were written “My dad”. It was a poem about me, 34 included the time I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he had broken his finger. So careless was I 35 I had forgotten all about that. He talked about how I wrestled with him in the evenings and a good many other things. That paper was suddenly not nearly as important as it 36 (be) a few minutes before. I don’t know if he planned the poem next to the failing grade 37 (soften) the below, but it worked. Instead of 38 severe lecture, I talked to him about the poem as well as the 39 (fail) homework, and it began to make sense to me that I could include praise along 40 constructive criticism (批评).
第二节语法填空 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31～40的相应位置上。
Child labor has been a problem for many years. Over a hundred years ago, Charles Dickens shocked many of his readers when he described the conditions ___31___ which young children worked in British factories. The conditions Dickens described continue, almost unchanged today, in many parts of the world. The only difference is ___32___ today’s employment of children is confined to small industries and family businesses, such as hotels, restaurants and ___33___ (particular) farms, rather than to large factories. The children not only receive nothing or very ___34___ for their long hours of work, but also they ___35___ (prevent) from attending school. Therefore, when they become older they are ___36___ (able) to do any other kind of work.
The solution ___37___ the problem of child labour is clearly better laws to protect young children greater supervision (监督) of industry and heavier fines for ___38___ who break the laws. Only in this way ___39___ young boys and girls be allowed to enjoy the most valuable time of ___40___ lives --- childhood.