Evenplantcanrunafever,especial-优题课

The United Nations says forty million people or so around the world went hungry in 2008，mainly because of higher food prices. Early estimates from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) show that 963 million people did not get enough to eat.
World food prices have dropped since early 2008．Prices of major crops have decreased by more than half from their height earlier last year. But they remain high compared to earlier years．
But FAO official Hafez Ghana says lower prices have failed to end the food crisis（危机）in many poor countries．"For millions in developing countries," he says, "getting enough food every day to live an active and healthy life is a distant dream.”
The FAO says food shortage is a threat to people's health．Today, two-thirds of the world's undernourished people live in just a few countries. These are India, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, Ethiopia and so on.
A report on food insecurity warns that the current economic crisis could send even more people into hunger and poverty.
In sub-Saharan Africa, the percentage of the people who continually go hungry fell from 34% in 1997 to 30% in 2008．But the FAO says Ghana is the only country that has reached two sets of hunger reduction targets．These were set by the 1996 World Food Summit and the Millennium Development Goals．The main reason is the growth in agricultural production in Ghana.
The FAO says some countries in Southeast Asia like Thailand and Vietnam have made progress in hunger reduction goals．But South Asia and Central Asia haven't, and North Korea is still in hot water.
31. What FAO official Hafez Ghana says implies ＿．
A. it's easy but takes long to provide people with enough food
B. enough food can make people more active and healthier
C. there is difficulty solving the food shortage in a short time
D. people in developing countries will never get enough food
32. Ghana has reached the targets of hunger reduction mainly because of ＿．
A. the still high food prices
B. the donation of developed countries
C. the two targets of hunger reduction
D. the growth in agricultural production
33. The underlined word "undernourished" in Para. 4 probably means ＿．
A. hungry and unhappyB. unhealthy for lack of food
C. not fat because of poverty D. undeveloped and poor
34. Which country has not made progress in hunger reduction?
A. North KoreaB. ThailandC. Vietnam D. Ghana
35. What is the best title of this passage?
A. The food production of the world
B. The hunger reduction target of the FAO
C. The food shortage around the world
D. The solution to the global food shortage

第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
第一节：(共15小题，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy: there’s no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children’s curiosity. Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven-year-olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence. Finally I said, “Now that we’re finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?”
After a long pause, a boy raised his hand, “Have you ever seen a grasshopper(蚱蜢) eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?”
This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.
Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical(符合逻辑的), complete and creative answers.
Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don’t jump in with “That’s right” or “Very good”. These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior. But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying “That’s interesting” or “I’d never thought of it that way before”, or coming up with more questions or ideas.
Never push a child to “Think”. It doesn’t make sense, children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What’s more, this can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target(目标) for your disagreement.
Lastly, show, don’t tell. Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大镜), and they’ll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates(蒸发), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.
26. According to the passage, children are natural scientists, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is _______.
A. to let them see the world around
B. to share the children’s curiosity
C. to explain difficult phrases about science
D. to supply the children with lab equipment
27. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word “lists” could best be replaced by ______.
A. any questions B. any problems
C. questions from textbooks D. any number of questions
28. According to the passage, children can answer questions in a more logical, complete and creative way if adults ________.
A. ask them to answer quickly
B. wait for one or two seconds after a question
C. tell them to answer the next day
D. wait at least for three seconds after a question
29. In which of the following paragraph(s) does the author tell us what to say to encourage children in a science discussion?
A. The second and third.B. The fourth and fifth.
C. The fifth and sixth. D. The seventh.
30. The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with their children’s curiosity EXCEPT that adults should ________.
A. tell their children stories instead of reciting facts
B. offer their children chances to see things for themselves
C. be patient enough when their children answer questions
D. encourage their children to ask questions of their own

Earth is the third planet from the sun.It is one of the four inner planets.The other three inner planets are Mercury,Venus,and Mars.The inner planets are also called the rocky planets,because they are made of rocks.
Earth is often called the “Water Planet”,because it is the only planet in our solar system which has liquid water on its surface.About 70% of the surface of Earth is covered by water! The other part of Earth is made up of continents and islands which have different landforms on them.Examples of landforms are mountains and plains.Plants and animals can live on Earth,because it has so much water.
Earth spins very quickly compared to other planets.It only takes Earth 24 hours to spin around its axis one time.One Earth day is 24 hours long!Earth orbits the sun in 365 days! This makes one Earth year 365 days long!
Earth is the only planet in our solar system where humans,other animals,and plants can live.There is plenty of water to drink or to live in.Water is present on Earth in its big oceans and in the air! Clouds are made of water vapor.The atmosphere has a lot of oxygen in it for animals to breathe,but the rest of our “air” is made up of water vapor,nitrogen,carbon dioxide,and other gases.The air is perfect for plants to grow.Earth temperature is not the same in all places,but the temperature is just right for plants,animals,and humans in most places on Earth.
Like the other inner planets,Earth has volcanoes.Volcanoes on Earth are different from those on other planets,because they still erupt.Scientists think that there may be active volcanoes on other planets and moons in our solar system,but they are still studying this.
Earth has one planet which we call the Moon.The surface of the Moon has many craters on it These were caused when meteorites hit it.It has many volcanoes on it which do not erupt anymore.We can see the moon at night without using a telescope.It is the closest space object to our planet,Earth.
73.Earth is called the Water Planet,______.
A.because animals need water
B.the water makes it look blue from space
C.it has liquid water on its surface
D.Earth is the third planet from the sun
74It takes Earth ______to orbit the sun in one year.
A.24 hours B.24 days C.365 days D.360 days
75Life exists on Earth,______.
A.because the water,air,and temperature are just right
B.there is water vapor in clouds
C.Earth is the planet closest to the sun
D.earth has volcanoes

Humans have observed and explored the oceans since ancient times.But it wasn’t until the 19th century that the scientific study of oceans began.The first major scientific expedition,and the one that firmly established the field of oceanography,was the around-the-world voyage of H.M.S. Challenger.Setting out from England in 1872,the Challenger spent almost three and a half years gathering a wealth of information about seawater,sea life,and the ocean floor.Major oceanographic expeditions since then have included the South Atlantic voyage of the German ship Meteor in 1926 and the Deep-Sea Drilling Project from 1968 to 1983.Many individuals also have played important roles in advancing our understanding of oceans,beginning with Matthew Fontaine Maury in the mid-1800s;his work on oceanography and navigation led to a uniform system of weather reporting at sea.Since Maury’s time,oceanography has progressed rapidly.Early oceanographers had to contend themselves with tossing buckets overboard to see what they might haul in.Today’s oceanographers are equipped with space images,supercomputer models,and deep-sea robots that can crawl along the seafloor.As they set goals for the future,some oceanographers even dream of doing research in permanently manned stations on the bottom of the oceans.
70.Which of the following statements is true?
A.Humans didn’t explore the oceans until the 19th century.
B.Maury first established the field of oceanography.
C.Maury spent a lot of time in studying seawater,sea life,and the bottom of the ocean.
D.Many individuals also plays a very important part in advancing our understanding of oceans,such as Maury.
71.How many expeditions are mentioned in this passage?
A.Four. B.Three. C.Five. D.Two.
72.What can we infer from the passage?
A.The process of the oceanography has stopped at one time.
B.Maury’s work on oceanography contributes a lot to weather reporting at sea.
C.Nowadays the equipment for studying the oceans needs improving,because it is out of date.
D.The expeditions in the past had great difficulty and made a lot of efforts in order to study the oceans.

If women are mercilessly exploited(剥削) year after year,they have only themselves to blame.Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion,they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores.Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion.When you come to think of it,only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe(衣柜) packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.
Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste.Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn.Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way,waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have.Skirts are lengthened or shortened;neck-lines are lowered or raised,and so on.No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society.Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth,comfort and durability(耐用).They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort,as long as they look right.There can hardly be a man who hasn’t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day,or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.
When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion,the conclusions to be drawn are obvious.Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes,one wonders,reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability?Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers.Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability?That is for you to decide.
66.Designers and big stores always make money .
A.by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry
B.because they are capable of predicting new fashions
C.by constantly changing the fashions in women’s clothing
D.because they attach great importance to quality in women’s clothing
67.To the writer,the fact that women change their old-fashioned dresses is seen as .
A.a waste of money
B.a waste of time
C.an expression of taste
D.an expression of creativity
68.The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the of clothing.
A.cost B.appearance
C.comfort D.suitability
69.According to the passage,which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.New fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women.
B.The constant changes in women’s clothing reflect their strength of character.
C.The fashion industry makes an important contribution to society.
D.Fashion designs should not be encouraged since they are only welcomed by women.