Even plant can run a fever, especially when they're under attack by insects or disease. But unlike human, plants can have their temperature taken from 3，000 feet away straight up. A decade ago, adopting the infrared (红外线）scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide (杀虫剂）spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that don't have pest(害虫）problems.
Even better, Foley's Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eyes. Mounted on a plane flown at 3，000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running " fevers". Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.
The bad news is that Paley's company closed down in 1984，after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long-terra backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. " This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States，" says George Oerther of Texas A & M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago. Plants will emit an increased amount of heat when they are __________.
| A．sprayed with pesticides |
| B．facing an infrared scanner |
| C．in poor physical condition |
| D．exposed to excessive sun rays |
In order to apply pesticide spraying precisely, we can use infra-red scanning to __________.
| A．estimate the damage to the crops |
| B．measure the size of the affected area |
| C．draw a color-coded map |
| D．locate the problem area |
Farmers can save a considerable amount of pesticide by __________.
| A．resorting to spot-spraying |
| B．consulting infrared scanning experts |
| C．transforming poisoned rain |
| D．detecting crop problems at an early stage |
The application of infrared scanning technology to agriculture met with some difficulties. For example，__________.
| A．the lack of official support |
| B．its high cost |
| C．the lack of financial support |
| D．its failure to help increase production |
Infrared scanning technology may be brought back into operation because of __________.
| A．the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produce |
| B．growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on crops |
| C．the forceful promotion by the Department of Agriculture |
| D．full support from agricultural experts |
Every year, I tell my sons what I'd like for Mother's Day: a letter. Something written from the heart and offered freely rather than bought from a store and wrapped neatly. I don't always get my wish, nor do I always take the time to write to my own mother.
This year, my boys will be in two different states on Mother's Day. My mom and dad will be away together, and I'11 be driving home from a writer's workshop in Massachusetts. Thinking of the fact that many friends have already lost their mothers and that a few have lost children, I am deeply grateful that what separates us, for now at least, is merely distance. It won't always be so, and there is no way to prepare for that fact other than to appreciate the moment that is. My sons know that they can please me on Sunday with a phone call or an e-mail, and that is enough as I love their words. The very best gift they can possibly give me is their own happiness, the very fact of their busy. full and well-lived lives.
Still, knowing that my years of staying with my sons are over, I do Feel doleful. The truth is, I miss being the center of the universe to two little boys. And this holiday can be a bit painful.
I wonder if my own mother ever felt nostalgic ('VTIH WJ) for the passing of my childhood. I wonder if she realizes that she is still at the center of my universe and always has been. I don't often pause to think about it. but of course she is the one who has been right there, at my side from the moment I drew my very first breath. How to ever fully appreciate the woman whose presence and 1ove and example have shaped me into the adult I am? How to describe even a small part of the sharing. sacrificing. and support she has given me over the years?The author mainly wants to tell us through the first paragraph that _____.
| A．she hopes to get her son's letters very much |
| B．her sons don't often write to her on Mother's Day |
| C．Mother's Day is the very date that she longs for most |
| D．she is very sorry not to write to her mother often |
The author is deeply grateful for the present life because ____.
| A．her sons don't live far away from her home |
| B．her parents and children are still alive |
| C．her parents are coming to her house to spend Mother's Day |
| D．her sons can please her on Sunday with a phone call |
According to the author ______
| A．young people nowadays tend to ignore their parents |
| B．parents should not give their children too much freedom |
| C．children's happiness and success are the biggest comfort to parents |
| D．parents are not the center of their children's universe when children grow up |
What does the underlined word "doleful" in paragraph 3 mean?
| A．sad | B．excited | C．guilty | D．proud |
What will the author probably tell about after the last paragraph?
| A．She'll tell the reader about her mother's present situation. |
| B．She'll recall how her mother educated and cared for her. |
| C．She'll describe the reunion of her family on Mother's Day. |
| D．She'll tell the reader about her mother's achievements in her career. |
A new report says African governments are ill prepared to handle the growing number of people over age 65. The population in Africa as in other parts of the world, is getting older. Currently, there are 36 million people on the continent 65 years and above. which is 3.6 percent of the population. up from 3.3 percent 10 years ago. That could rise to 4.5 percent by 2030 and 10 percent by 2050. The African development Bank is raising concerns over the shortage of health insurance and pensions (养老金).
The African Development Bank says. "Aging is highly linked with long-term physical and mental disability and a number of long-term chronic (慢性的) conditions."
"Africa is not well prepared to care for its aging population right now. And it needs to prepare for this fact." said Professor Mthuli Ncube. the African Development Bank's chief economist. African nations spend far less on healthcare than developed nations do___ about $26per person per year. Not so many countries have well developed medical aid plans for the elderly, whether they are privately provided plans or indeed government plans. If you look at the pension plans, you will find the pension industries are not well developed in some of the countries.
Professor Mthuli Ncube said African governments failed to take action on health insurance
and pensions because they were busy with economic reforms.
Another challenge for Africa is the worsening of informal systems of social protection. That is cash and support from both the extended family and community sources.
. The African Development Bank recommends governments help carry out health insurance and pension plans. Ncube said African governments didn't have to handle the health insurance burden alone. "It is not only a must but also an opportunity for private companies to add their bit in this regard", he said. The report also recommends that African governments consider providing ways of free health services. medications and long-term health care facilities for the elderly. From the first paragraph we know the facts except that ____
| A．the speed of people aging is becoming quicker |
| B．Africa has the largest aging population |
| C．African governments are not well prepared to deal with the aging population |
| D．the shortage of health insurance and pensions adds to African governments' difficulty in dealing With the aging population |
Which is not highly linked with the aging according to the passage?
| A．Long-term physical disability. | B．Long-term mental disability. |
| C．Long-term chronic illnesses. | D．Long-term shortage of care and love. |
What got in the way of developing health insurance and pensions in Africa?
| A．The economic reforms. | B．Too many old people. |
| C．The shortage of land. | D．The development of the economy. |
How can the aging problem be solved in Africa according to Ncube?
| A．African governments should spend as much money on healthcare as developed countries |
| B．African people should save enough money to insure their health. |
| C．African governments should combine with private companies to finish health insurance and pension pains. |
| D．Private sources should take the main responsibility to help the elderly. |
The article is most likely to be seen____
| A．in a story book | B．in a newspaper | C．on a TV program | D．in a textbook |
Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care. If we are to solve the nursing shortage. hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example .
At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient's illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.
The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization. keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment. it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.
Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized (分散的) nursing administration; every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.
Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She is also a member of the Medical Executive Committee. which in most hospitals includes only doctors.Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of the nursing system at Beth Israel Hospital?
| A．The doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse. |
| B．Each patient is taken care of by a primary nurse day and night. |
| C．The primary nurse writes care plans for every patient. |
| D．The primary nurse keeps records of the patient's health conditions every day. |
It can be inferred from the passage that_____.
| A．compared with other hospitals, nurses at Beth Israel Hospital are more patient |
| B．in most hospitals, patient care is inadequate from the professional point of view |
| C．in most hospital, nurses get low salaries |
| D．compared with other hospitals, nurses have to work longer hours at Beth Israel Hospital |
A primary nurse can propose a different approach of treatment when
| A．the present one is refused by the patient |
| B．the patient complains about the present one |
| C．the present one proves to be ineffective |
| D．the patient is found unwilling to cooperate |
The main difference between a nurse-manager and a head nurse is that the former
| A．is a member of the Medical Executive Committee of the hospital |
| B．has to arrange the work shifts of the unit's nurses |
| C．can make decisions concerning the medical treatment of a patient |
| D．has full responsibility in the administration of the unit's nurses |
The author's attitude towards the nurse system at Beth Israel Hospital is___
| A．negative | B．neutral | C．critical | D．positive |
Science Daily (May 1S, 2012) - People who rate themselves as having high emotional intelligence (El) tend to overestimate (高估) their ability to detect deception(欺骗) in others. This is the finding of a paper published in the journal Legal and Criminological Psychology on 18 May 2012.
Professor Stephen Porter. director of the Centre for the Advancement of Psychological Science and Law at University of British Columbia Canada along with colleagues Dr. Leanne Brinke and Alysha Baker used a standard questionnaire to measure the EI of 116 participants.
These participants were then asked to view 20 videos from around the world of people pleading （祈求） for the safe return of a missing family member. In half the videos the person making the plea was responsible for the missing person's disappearance or murder.
The participants were asked to judge whether the pleas were honest or deceptive say how much confidence they had in their judgments, report the clues (线索) they had used to make those judgments and rate their emotional response to each plea.
Professor Porter found that higher EI was associated with overconfidence in assessing the sincerity of the pleas and sympathetic feelings towards people in the videos who turned out to be responsible for the disappearance.
Although EI, in general, was not associated with being better or worse at telling the difference between truths and lies. people with a higher ability to notice and express emotion (a component of EI) were not so good at spotting when people were telling lies.
Professor Porter says: "Taken together, these findings suggest findings features of emotional intelligence and the decision-making processes they lead to may nave the paradoxical (适得其反的) effect of weakening people's ability to detect deception."
"These findings are important because El is a well-accepted concept and is used in a variety of fields, including the workplace"Which of the following is true about the study and its findings?
| A．EI has something to do with telling truths and 1ies. |
| B．The participants were asked to identify liars on the spot. |
| C．The participants had to tell reasons for their judgments. |
| D．Those confident participants all made wrong judgments. |
According to Professor Porter's finding, people with higher EI
| A．were actually less confident |
| B．were easy to be cheated for their kindness |
| C．had sympathy for the missing people |
| D．were good at spotting deception |
What does the underlined word "they" refer to?
| A．Features of EI | B．People with high Ef | C．The findings | D．The researchers |
Workplace is specially mentioned in the last paragraph to ______.
| A．indicate that people with high EI are mostly adults |
| B．indicate that EI is very important in the workplace |
| C．warn employers not to trust employees with high EI |
| D．warn people with high EI of deception in the workplace |
What is the best title for the passage?
| A．How to detect deception in our daily life. |
| B．The disadvantages of high emotional intelligence. |
| C．The relationship between one's El and recognition. |
| D．Emotionally intelligent people are less good at spotting liars. |
For medical students, real experience begins not in a classroom but at a teaching hospital. These doctors in training are guided. But sometimes accidents happen and the students get injured.
For example, they might stick themselves with a needle while treating patients. Such needle sticks are common. But a recent study found that medical students often fail to report them. Failing to report an injury like this can be dangerous if a patient, or a medical worker, has an infectious disease.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, did the study, which involved a survey answered by almost 700 surgeons in training in the United States.
Almost 60% said they had suffered needle stick injuries when they were in medical school. Many said they were stuck more than once. Yet nearly half of those whose most recent incident happened in school did not report it to a health office. If they had, they would have been tested to see if they needed treatment to prevent an infection like HIV or hepatitis.
Most known cases of HIV or hepatitis are reported, but other possible infections often are not. Martin Makary, the lead author of the study, says medical students who are stuck put themselves and others in danger from infectious diseases.
Doctor Makary said, "A needle that goes through the skin needs to be as sharp as possible.” Doctors in training may have to do hundreds of stitches (缝线) in some cases to close the skin after an operation.
Doctor Makary said, “I support using blunt tip needles which are considered safer. This needle is still sharp enough to go through body tissue, but it does have a blunt tip, so that if it accidentally goes into my finger, it's much less likely to hurt me."
How common are needle sticks among health care workers? An estimated 600,000 to 800,000 of these and similar injuries are reported each year in the United States. But Doctor Makary says the real number may be much higher.
The study advises doctors to protect their hands by wearing two sets of gloves. It also urges hospitals to establish a special telephone number for medical workers and students to call if they are injured. The idea is for hospitals to send a clear message that there is no reason not to report this kind of accident.It is dangerous for medical students not to report needle stick injuries because _________.
| A．they don’t know how to treat themselves. |
| B．they may meet more needle sticks |
| C．it may cause some diseases |
| D．it may make patients sad. |
If they report needle stick injuries, medical students will __________.
| A．receive treatment | B．be forbidden to use sharp needles |
| C．spend more time on training | D．receive tests |
The underlined word “blunt” in Paragraph 7 is the closest in meaning to “__________”.
| A．not sharp | B．not safe | C．not long | D．not thick |
What do we know from the passage?
| A．Doctors who don’t report needle stick injuries will be punished. |
| B．Needle sticks among health care workers will reduce sharply in the future. |
| C．Most needle stick injuries happen in the United States. |
| D．Two suggestions are given to protect medical workers and students. |
Where can this passage most probably be found?
| A．In an entertainment magazine | B．In a science magazine |
| C．In a storybook | D．In science fiction |