阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
Reuters－Apple cofounder Steve Jobs，who changed the daily habits of millions by reinventing computing，music and mobile phones，died of pancreatic cancer(胰腺癌)at the age of 56.Jobs was surrounded by his wife and immediate family when he died in Palo Alto，California. Jobs，a Buddhist，was born in San Francisco. He started Apple Computer with Steve Wozniak in his parents' garage in 1976.
World leaders，business rivals and fans lamented his passing and celebrated his achievements. Apple loses a visionary leader who inspired personal computing and world-known products such as the iPod，iPhone and iPad，which made Jobs one of the greatest industry leaders of his generation. Jobs stepped down as CEO in August 2011 and handed the power to operations chief Tim Cook.
“The world has lost a genius. And there may be no greater tribute to Steve's success than the fact that much of the world learned of his passing on a device he invented，” U．S. President Barack Obama said in a statement. “For those of us lucky enough to get to work with him，it's been a great honor，” said Microsoft's Bill Gates，who once defeated Jobs but has seen the leading status replaced by the Apple cofounder in recent years. Fans paid homage to Jobs outside Apple stores around the world，from Los Angeles to Sydney.
A college dropout and the son of adoptive parents，Jobs changed the technology world in the late 1970s，when the Apple Ⅱbecame the first personal computer to gain customers. Apple Wednesday paid homage to its visionary leader by changing its website to a big black-and-white photograph of him with the words “Steve Jobs：1955 －2011”．
Outside Jobs' house in Palo Alto，neighbors and friends left flowers and drew messages with markers on the sidewalk. “Thanks for changing the world，” read one. “He was special for the area，like part of the family，” said Robert Blum，who brought flowers with his eight-year-old son，Daniel.The underlined word “passing” in Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by “________”．
| A．death |
| B．achievements |
| C．suffering |
| D．wisdom |
Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
| A．Steve Jobs was born in San Francisco. |
| B．Fans remembered Steve Jobs outside Apple stores around the world. |
| C．The iPod，iPhone and iPad are Steve Jobs' creative products. |
| D．Steve Jobs graduated from college with good performance. |
What would be the best title for the passage?
| A．Apple and its excellent CEO |
| B．A man who rocked the whole world |
| C．Apple's visionary Steve Jobs died at 56 |
| D．Steve Jobs，a dear family member that never dies |
New crime prediction software should reduce not only the murder rate, but the rate of other crimes. Developed by Richard Berk, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, the software has already used in Baltimore and Philadelphia to predict which individuals on probation(缓刑) or parole(假释) are most likely to murder and to be murdered.
“When a person goes on probation or parole he is supervised(监督) by an officer. The question is ‘what level of supervision is appropriate?’” said Berk. It used to be that parole officers used the person’s criminal record, and their judgment to make decisions.
“This research replaces those seat-of-the –pants calculations,” he said.
Technology helps determine level of supervision. On average there is one murder for every 100,000 people. Even among high-risk groups the murder rate is one in 100. Predicting such a rare event is very difficult, but advances in computer technology works.
Years ago, the researchers made a dataset of more than 60,000 various crimes. Using the software they developed, they found some much more likely to commit murder when paroled or probated. They could identify eight future murderers out of 100.
Berk’s software examines roughly two dozen variables(可变因素), from criminal record to geographic location. The type of crimes, and more importantly, the age at which that crime was committed, were two of the most predictive variables.
“People assume that if someone murdered then they will murder in the future,” said Berk. “ What really matters is what that person did as a young individual. Predicting future crimes sounds well. But we aren’t anywhere near being able to do that.”
“Berk’s scientific answer leaves policymakers with difficult questions. By labeling one group of people as high risk, and supervise them closely, there should be fewer murders, which the potential victims should be happy about. It also means that those high-risk individuals will be supervised more aggressively. For human rights advocates, that means punishing people who, most likely, will not commit a crime in the future,” said Bushway. “It comes down to a question of whether you would rather make these errors or those errors.”The underlined words(in Para.3) probably mean___.
| A．calculations based on subjective opinions |
| B．calculations based on widespread voting |
| C．calculations made by advanced technology |
| D．calculations based on serious considering |
For 650 people with crime records, how many potential murderers would the software find?
| A．6.5. | B．13. | C．52. | D．65. |
From Para 7, we can infer that______.
| A．the technology developed by Richard Berk will soon be widely used in the US |
| B．the technology would not be widely accepted in the short term |
| C．whether a person murders or not largely decided by his upbringing while young |
| D．if a person murdered when he was fifty, he is sure to murder again while on probation |
Bushway’s attitude to the technology put forward by Richard Berk is ____.
| A．positive | B．negative | C．objective | D．indifferent |
Which would be the best title for the passage?
| A．Closely Supervise Potential Murders |
| B．Measures Taken to Prevent Criminal Behavior |
| C．Technology Revolutionizes Judges’ Way of Working |
| D．Software is Developed to Predict Criminal Behavior |
No one knows why we sleep, but it’s certain that we need to. People who are prevented from sleeping begin to suffer obvious effects after a few days—they think less clearly, and they fall asleep during the working hours; some may have hallucinations(幻觉).
There are no rules about sleep. Generally speaking, grown-ups sleep about 7 and a half hours each night and probably more than 60 per cent get between seven and eight hours. But perhaps eight per cent are quite happy with 5 hours or less, and four per cent or so find that they want ten hours or more. If you feel all right, you’re probably getting enough sleep. The important thing is not to worry how much other people get—their needs may be different. Exercise doesn’t seem to increase the need for sleep—office workers, for example, sleep for about as long as people doing physically active work.
Children sleep more than grown-ups—perhaps 14 to 18 hours soon after birth, going down to grown-up levels by early teenage. Sleep patterns also tend(倾向) to be different in the elderly, who may sleep less at night than they did when younger, find sleep getting more broken, and often make it a rule to sleep during the daytime.According to the passage, some people are unable to think clearly because ___________ .
| A．they have hallucinations |
| B．they feel sleepy during the working hours |
| C．they don’t have enough sleep |
| D．they are certain to be kept from going to bed |
Which of the following is TRUE?
| A．All grown-ups must have at least eight-hour sleep. |
| B．Most of grown-ups sleep for seven or eight hours. |
| C．Quite a few people need only 5 hours or less for them to sleep. |
| D．No grown-ups sleep more than ten hours. |
Whether you have got enough sleep is judged by__________.
| A．how many hours you have slept |
| B．how many hours you need to sleep |
| C．whether you do exercise and physical work |
| D．whether you feel fresh and energetic |
According to the passage, a boy of 14 years old sleeps__________.
| A．as long hours as a grown-up |
| B．much longer hours than a grown-up |
| C．for 14 hours each night |
| D．for less than 8 hours per night |
An English saying goes: “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” That means we should relax after a day’s hard work or we’ll be unhealthy.
Many students know that if they want to get ideal jobs with good salaries, they must do well in high school so they can enter good universities. Therefore, they spend all day studying without time to relax.
However, not all students can go to top universities even if they work very hard. Students are pressurized by parents and teachers who are just concerned about their studies and exam scores while ignoring their hobbies and individual differences. As a result, students are forces to work harder and harder. Furthermore, there is pressure coming from students themselves. They realize they have a slim chance of getting into a top university as competition is fierce. So, they put a lot of stress on themselves and stay in a nervous state day after day. If they keep it up, they’ll suffer illnesses; both psychological and physical.
What students need is relaxation. This doesn’t mean that they should give up their ambitions and stop studying hard. It means “work while you work, play while you play”. If you can do this, you will improve your health greatly. You’ll feel yourself suddenly fresh, just like recovering from a terrible illness. You’ll find that your studies are not a burden(负担) anymore.The underlined part in the first paragraph might mean all the following EXCEPT______.
| A．too much work may bring trouble to anyone |
| B．overwork without rest is sure to make one foolish |
| C．Jack becomes dull because he works too much |
| D．Anyone who doesn’t work will break down |
What trouble have both the parents and teachers brought to the students?
| A．They don’t know how to let the students relax. |
| B．They give too much burden for them to bear. |
| C．They don’t love those who work the hardest. |
| D．They fail to understand what the students need most. |
What causes the student’ pressure from themselves?
| A．That they don’t know how to get top universities. |
| B．That they want to relax but have no chance. |
| C．That they fail to relax themselves during their work. |
| D．That they think too much about the result of their work. |
What is the passage mainly about?
| A．What to do to relax yourself. |
| B．The serous situation for the poor students. |
| C．Some problems caused by the misunderstanding of learning. |
| D．How to be a healthy and successful learner. |
There are many differences between America and China. The biggest difference is traffic rules. In America there are too much more cars than in China. But there are much fewer traffic jams and accidents in America than in China. We hardly see traffic police in the street, but all cars obey strictly traffic rules, and people hardly find that a car does not obey traffic rules in the street.
About American traffic rules, there are many better terms, such as:
1. Stop line: There are stop lines in all crossing without traffic light (some have two stop lines and others have four stop lines). All cars must stop while meeting the stop line.
2. Traffic light: There is traffic light in the crossing of the road. Cars may almost turn every direction. The traffic light can give signal step by step including u-turn. There is a kind of middle lane of turning left. When a car wants to turn left in the road, he may enter into the middle lane of turning left and give a signal of turning left. When he thinks being safe, he may turn left. In many conditions the order of passing is also given very specifically. If people want to change lane or turn, they must look behind and think being safe. Only so, they may do it.
3. Specific item: Such as parking, there are three kinds of lines (their colors are white, blue or red) in the roadside. Every line may park different kinds of cars. There are many streets in some residential areas (住宅区), and there is a kind of rule that any car cannot park at any time or any period time. In every parking, there are some special positions for invalid (伤残的) people.
4. About the priority of passenger and car: At any case, passengers have the priority to cars. And only after passengers have passed the road and got the top of sidestep, cars may go ahead.
In general, traffic rules of America are very specific, convenient, safe and humanizing.Which of the following is NOT the reason why we can hardly see traffic police in the street in America?
| A．Traffic police are not very necessary because few cars break traffic rules. |
| B．The traffic is very clear and there are few traffic jams and accidents in the street. |
| C．There are so many cars in the street that the traffic police can’t be seen. |
| D．The effective traffic rules play an important part in the road safety. |
Why is there a middle lane of turning left on the road?
| A．It is designed for the cars that want to turn left. |
| B．It is very safe to drive there. |
| C．It is very convenient for the traffic police to find the cars that break the rules. |
| D．The cars that want to turn left can easily give a signal of turning left. |
Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
| A．In America, all cars in the crossing must stop when they meet the stop line. |
| B．In America, any car cannot park in the streets in some residential areas. |
| C．If people want to turn, they can obey the guide of the traffic police. |
| D．There are more traffic jams in China. |
What’s the best title for the passage?
| A．American Traffic Rules |
| B．Differences in Traffic Rules between China and America |
| C．Traffic Jams in America |
| D．American People Who Obey Traffic Rules |
A driver stopped his car on a street side to have a rest. As he lay down in the seat and closed his eyes, a person came up and knocked at the window to ask the time. The driver opened his eyes and looked at his watch: “It’s 8:05,” he said. Then he went to sleep again. But soon he was waken up again because a second person was knocking at the window. “Sir, do you know the time?” he asked. The driver looked at his watch again, and told him it was half past eight.
In this way, the driver thought he could not have a good rest, so he wrote a short note and stuck it on the window for all to see. It said, “I don’t know the time.”
Again, he lay down in the seat for his sleep. A few minutes later, a third person came and began to knock at the window, “Hey, sir,” he said, “It’s a quarter to nine.”Where did the driver sleep?
| A．At the window | B．In the street road |
| C．In his car | D．In his room. |
How long had the driver been there when the third person called him?
| A．40 minutes | B．25 minutes |
| C．50 minutes | D．70 minutes |
Why did the driver write a note and stick it on the window?
| A．Because he didn’t know the time |
| B．Because he didn’t want anybody to trouble him |
| C．Because he needed somebody to wake him up. |
| D．Because he wanted somebody to tell him the time |