【2014年福建省龙岩市中考】A:阅读下面材料，从每题所给的-优题课

In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business .But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden. That was the first photo.
The next important date in the history of photography (摄影术) was in 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room. He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.
Soon, other people began to use Daguerre’s way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world. People took pictures of famous buildings, cities and mountains.
In about 1840, photography was developed.Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things.That was not simple. The photographers had to carry a lot of films and other machines. But this did not stop them, for example, some in the United States worked so hard.
Mathew Brady was a famous American photographers. He took many pictures of great people.The picture were unusual beause they were very lifelike(栩栩如生的).
Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century. Some photos were not just copies of the real world. They showed the ideas and feelings, like other kinds of art.
The first photo taken by Niepce was a picturte of ____________
A. his business B. his garden C. his window
The Daguerreotype was____________.
A. a Frenchman B. a kind of picture C. a kind of camera
If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840, he had to__________.
A. watch lots of films
B. buy an expensive camera
C. take many films and something else with him.
Mathew Brady______________.
A. was very lifelike B. was quite strong C. was famous for his unusual pictures
This passage tells us_____________.
A. how photography was developed
B. how to show your ideas and feelings in pictures
C. how to take pictures in the world

One afternoon, Bob and Jane were walking along a quiet street when they heard a big noise from the street corner. They ran there and found that a small car had knocked into the side of a truck. Both the car driver and the truck driver were hurt.
“Bob,” said Jane, “run back down the road to Mrs Day’s house. Ask her to call the police and the ambulance(救护车). Hurry up. I’ll stay here.”
Bob went off as fast as he could. There was nothing Jane could do but wait. She knew that when people were hurt in an accident, they shouldn’t be moved.
It wasn’t long before the police car and the ambulance arrived. The policemen got the car door open and moved the man out. Then they got the truck driver out. Luckily, the men weren’t badly hurt, but they were both taken to hospital. The policemen thanked Bob and Jane.” You were very good to act so quickly when you saw the accident. Thank you for all your help.”
根据短文内容，判断正误。正确的填（A），错误的填（B）。
The accident happened in a quiet street one afternoon.
Mrs Day and the policemen heard the noise.
Both of the drivers were hurt in the accident.
Jane asked Bob to call the police.
Jane had got the drivers out before the policemen arrived.

Pollution means adding dirty or harmful things to land, air, water and so on. As a result, they are no longer pleasant or safe to use. Pollution is bad for animals and plants, and it even makes people’s health in danger. In our daily life, we can see different kinds of pollution in many places. There are three main forms of pollution: land pollution, air pollution and water pollution.
Land pollution is caused by solid waste, such as cans, bottles and some plastic things which aren’t broken down quickly. It makes the environment look very bad. However, air pollution is more serious than land pollution. It is much worse in cities and towns because of the fumes(废气) from traffic and the waste from human activities. When people drive their cars, fumes which are most made up of CO2, NO2 and SO2 are given off. After the gases get into the air, they may mix with clouds. Then they will become some harmful chemicals (化合物) falling on the ground with rain. It is one of the reasons for soil erosion (土壤侵蚀) which is one example of water pollution.
Various kinds of pollution will cause many health problems. People have realized they must change this serious situation. There are many ways to control pollution. To develop alternative energy is very popular in many countries. China, for example, has made up its mind to be a leader in this field. It is trying hard to make full use of energy from the sun and wind. It has paid plenty of money to make electric cars and trains instead of traditional traffic. We should also take action to make our environment cleaner every day. Take cloth bags while going shopping and drive cars less. We have only one earth. We must take steps now to help protect our environment for the future wherever we are.
How many main forms of pollution are mentioned in the passage?

A．Two.

B．Three.

C．Four.

D．Five.

Why is air pollution much worse in cities and towns?

A．Because of the cans and bottles that people throw away.

B．Because of the plastic things which aren’t broken down quickly.

C．Because of the fumes made up of SO2, CO2 and O2.

D．Because of the waste from human activities and the fumes from traffic.

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Pollution hardly does harm to humans.

B．China doesn’t want to develop alternative energy.

C．Air pollution will cause soil erosion and water pollution.

D．Land pollution is only caused by solid waste.

To make our environment cleaner, we shouldn’t __________.

A．use cloth bags while shopping	B．ride a bike to school
C．drive a car out every day	D．go to work on foot

The main idea of this passage is _________.

A．to introduce different forms of pollution and ways to control it

B．to introduce the harmful chemicals and the solid waste

C．to introduce the alternative energy and the ways to use it

D．to introduce the electric cars and traditional traffic

If you want to find out a piece of information about anything, the best place to search for it is Wikipedia. This online encyclopedia(百科全书) is written by thousands of people around the world. Anyone can add or change the information if he or she finds it not correct or not well written. In this way, people who know a lot about a certain subject can write about it even if they are not university professors.
What is more, Wikipedia includes articles written in about 235 languages. This fact makes it one of the few websites on the Internet that are truly international. It was started in 2001 by Larry Sanger and Jimmy Wales, as a free online English-language encyclopedia project. By April 2008 over 10 million articles had been put on Wikipedia. A quarter of the articles in English. Wikipedia is also a place where people can find the latest news.
However, Wikipedia has its own problems. There have been many complaints that some of the information on Wikipedia is not accurate and some important subjects are not included. This has led to arguments between the writers of articles. The people running Wikipedia say that the accuracy of the information is improving and that it is one of the top 20 visited websites on the Internet.
So, if you are looking for some information, why not try Wikipedia?
Wikipedia is ___________.

A．a computer game	B．an online magazine
C．a free university	D．a website encyclopedia

People who write on Wikipedia__________.

A．know much about a certain subject	B．likes writing different stories
C．can’t be university professors	D．are usually famous scientists

The underlined word “accurate” means __________.

A．错误的

B．准确的

C．有条理的

D．逻辑的

Which is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Wikipedia includes articles written in about 253 languages.

B．People can find information about different subjects on Wikipedia.

C．Wikipedia is the only truly international website on the Internet.

D．Half of the articles on Wikipedia are written in English.

Which of the following is experiment time?

A．8:00-22:00 on Saturday.

B．10:00-21:00 on Wednesday.

C．8:00-11:30 on Monday and Thursday.

D．18:00-21:00 on Sunday, Monday, Thursday.

If you want to be a volunteer, you should _____________.

A．come from Asian countries

B．be able to get up early in the morning

C．be free at certain time next two weeks

D．call the office of the department of psychology

How much will you be paid after three hours’ experiment?

A．30 yuan.

B．60 yuan.

C．90 yuan.

D．120 yuan.

Michelle Obama	From March 20 to 26, the US first lady was on a trip to China with her daughters and mother. She met China’s first lady Peng Liyuan in Beijing. They went to the Forbidden City and had dinner together. Then they went to Xi’an and Chengdu. Michelle gave a speech at No. 7 High School in Chengdu, talking about the importance of education.
Jiang Wenshan	He’s a 32-year-old man who was born without his left arm. He entered a university with a high score in “Gaokao”. He often takes part in volunteer activities to help others like him. He traveled to more than 60 cities by selling his dreams online. Jiang not only sold his dreams, he also “sold” his courage. He has helped many other disabled people realize their dreams.
Wang Changdian	Wang, 63, is a retired(退休) policeman in Lushan, Ya’an, Sichuan. After the Lushan earthquake that killed 176 people took place on April 20, 2013, Wang volunteered to work in Qingjiang, a mountain village in Siyan to help the villagers rebuild homes.