Unlike in our country, violence against women is very obvious in some western and African countries. The basic cause of it lies in discrimination, which claims women inequality with men in all aspects of life. Violence is both origin in discrimination and serves to worsen discrimination.
Violence against women is a sign of historically unequal status of women compared to men, which has resulted into domination (控制,主宰) and discrimination against women by men and to the prevention of the full development of women. Violence against women is one of the important social means by which women are restricted into a secondary position in comparison with men.
As violence against women is spread worldwide, many women are targets because of their ethnic group, class, sex or disability status.
Many women think that the psychological consequences of abuse are even more dangerous than its physical effects. The experience of abuse often shakes women's self-respect and puts them at great risk of a number of mental health problems, such as:
Depression is becoming broadly recognized as a main health problem in the world.
Women who are abused by their partners suffer more depression and anxiety than women who have not been abused, according to studies in Australia, Nicaragua, Pakistan, and the US.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a strong anxiety disorder that can happen when people go through or witness a very unpleasant event in which they feel disappointed and helpless or fear death or injury. The symptoms of PTSD contain mentally reliving the upsetting event by means of flashbacks (闪回,倒叙) ; avoiding anything that would remind one of the events; experiencing discomfort in sleeping and concentrating; and being easily alarmed or frightened.
The severe violence is also likely to lead to suicide. Some women kill themselves or try to do so. Researches from some countries, including Sweden, and the US, have showed that domestic violence is closely connected with suicide. Abused women who have PTSD symptoms prove to be most likely to try suicide.
Abused women are more likely than other women to misuse alcohol and drugs.
When a person' s everyday life functioning or life alternatives continue to be influenced, a post-traumatic stress disorder may be the problem, requiring professional treatment.
Title:
I . 0f historically unequal status
Domination and discrimination from men , leading position and preventing
II. : women's self-respect shake and
occur.
, a main health problem
Post-traumatic stress disorder, a strong , happens under certain conditions.
One of its symptoms is mentally reliving by means of flashbacks.
, especially for women with PTSD symptoms
Alcohol and drug misuse
III. Professional treatment
What is a dream?
For centuries, people have wondered about the strange places that they seem to visit in their sleep.However, they have been valued as necessary to a person's health and happiness.
Historically people thought dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams scientifically believing that they tell about a person's character.He believed that dreams allow a person to express fantasies or fears, which would be socially unacceptable in real life.
The second theory to become popular was Carl Jung's compensation theory. Jung, a former student of Freud, said that the purpose of a dream is not to hide something, but rather to communicate it to the dreamer.Thus, people who think too highly of themselves may dream about falling; those who think too little of themselves dream of being heroes.
Using more recent research, William Domhoff from the University of California found that dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop in humans. ,Until they reach age five, they can not express very well what their dreams are about. Once people become adults, there is little or no change in their dreams. The dreams of men and women differ. For instance,
The characters that appear in the dreams of men are often other men, and often involve physical aggression.
The meaning of dreams continues to be difficult to understand. If you dream that a loved one is going to die, do not panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that your loved one is going to die.
| A．Dreams make up for what is lacking in waking life. |
| B．However, people should not take their dreams as reality. |
| C．They have been considered as meaningless nighttime journeys. |
| D．It gives scientists chances to better understand human mind. |
E．Children do not dream as much as adults.
F．They think their mind is trying to tell them something.
G．First, there was Sigmund Freud’s theory.
短文填词（共10小题，每空1分，满分10分）
I’m writing to tell you my imagination about life in the future.
No one can tell exactly what kind of life will be a__________ of ___________
us. But I can ____________ (宣布) with certainty that life will ___________
be m___________ easier. I’m sure there will be more educational___________
programs on the radio or TV. So children will get ________________________
at home w_____________ going to school every day. Besides, most___________
of us will have videophones at home through __________ we can ___________
have a medical exam or do some _________ (购物) at home. Meanwhile, ___________
we’ll have robots to _______ (帮助) us in doing housework, allowing ___________
us more time to enjoy life. With the development of ___________ (科学) ___________
researches, ordinary people may soon be able to spend their holidays
in space and a great __________ of people may live in space or undersea. __________
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填放最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ) is a medical condition caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), a virus which damages people’s natural defenses against disease. So far, no cure has been found for it.
In the early mid-1980s, while other parts of the world were beginning to deal with the serious disease, Asia remained relatively unaffected by this newly discovered health problem. By the early 1990s, however, HIV and AIDS had hit several Asian countries, and by the end of that decade, HIV was spreading rapidly in many areas of the continent. Today, HIV and AIDS are a growing problem in every region of Asia. The latest statistics produced by UNAIDS suggest that in 2008, over 5 million people were living with HIV or AIDS in Asia.
Various factors cause the spread of HIV, including poverty, inequality, unequal status of women, cultural myths about sex and high levels of migration（移民）. Although it’s useful to understand the situation of AIDS in Asia as a whole, each country in the region faces a different situation. In Cambodia and Thailand, there has been evidence of declines in HIV infection levels. In Indonesia, Pakistan and Vietnam, meanwhile, the number of people living with HIV has rapidly increased. In China, the number of people newly infected with HIV and AIDS is also rising although at a much slower pace.
Much improvement is needed to prevent HIV and AIDS around Asia. New guidelines and policy documents have been continually issued over the years. Most of the successful programs do have at least three features in common. Firstly, these programs encourage HIV and AIDS education among the general population to teach people how to avoid infection and to face discrimination. Secondly, they are every practical and they involve the infected people themselves in program design and implementation（实施）. Last but not least, strong leadership is essential for HIV prevention. If all of the leaders truly committed themselves to this cause, them a great many lives would be saved.
| Overview of HIV and AIDS in Asia |
|
| The ( |
HIV, a virus( |
| The past situation |
◇In the early mid-1980s, with other parts of the world troubled with the serious disease, Asia remained( unaffected by this newly discovered health problem. ◇In the early 1990s, HIV and AIDS( |
| The （ |
◇AIDS/HIV is a growing problem in every region, over 5 millions people living ( ◇Asian courtiers are facing( |
| The improvement to prevent HIV and AIDS including three ( most of the successful programs have in common |
◇( ◇being practical and getting the infected people. ( ◇Leaders’ taking an active part in the cause. |
Section C (12 points)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using ONE word that fits the context.
Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the past few decades. 48 in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in49 heart of a town. This street was built on both sides with many varied businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of goods. _50__in the 1950s, a change began to take place .Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street while too__51_parking places were available for shoppers. _52__the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces from the city limits. Open space is what their car-driving customers needed.
An open space is 53 they got when the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centres, or rather malls, were set __54_ as a collection of small new stores near crowded city centres. Towards the late 1970s,many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the cheapness of one stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, _55__benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.
第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题l 5分．满分l5分)
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16—25的相应位置上。
Keeping a diary in English is one of the 16__________ (effect) ways to improve our English writing ability.
17._____________ (compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes 18.____________ time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. 19.____________ we persist in this practice, gradually we’ll learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly run up against many 20.__________. In the first place, 21.____________ often happens that we have trouble finding appropriate words and phrases to give expression to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely hard for us to put them into English properly.
As far as I _22. ______________ (concern), my 23._____________(suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also turn to our English teacher for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is 24.___________ great use to keep a diary in English for 25.___ ________ development of our writing skills.