【2015·江苏】任务型阅读 (共 10 小题; 每小题 1 分, 满分 10 分)
请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意: 请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。 每个空格只填一个单词。
People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.
In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health.
News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.
News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance — as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value.” It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.
For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individual’s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.
| What news stories do you read? |
|
| Division of news stories |
● People expect to get ● News stories are roughly divided into two classes. ● Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won’t. |
the two classes |
● News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual ● Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and |
| ● News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or present a ● News of delayed reward will induce the reader to |
|
| Unstable boundaries of the two classes |
● What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their ● Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and ● Thus, the division, on the whole, |
阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
Many people believe that classical music is not relevant music is not relevant to young people today . However, this issue (问题) frequently causes heated debate.
Some people say that classical music is associated only with old people .For example, if you look at the audience at a classical concert , the majority is over the age of fifty.
Others say it is more popular than we first imagine . Many young people listen to classical music without realising .It is often used in films and advertisements. For example.a famous piece of classical music was used as the theme music for the 1990 World Cup . Not many people could have given its name , but millions enjoyed it .
Also,some people point out that young people produce new music based on classical ideas: for example, it is said that rap(说唱)music was invented by a classical musician in 1912, but it is now used by young people in pop music.
However, young people point to the fact that classical music has been outstripped(超越) by technology. To play a classical instrument, such as a violin, you need to study hard and practise for hours. Nowadays, you don't need to get aching arms from practising. A teenager can write and make music using a computer program in the comfort of their own bedroom.
A final point to in mind is that the term "classical music" is used to refer to a great variety of music, from jazz to pieces for large orchestras(管弦乐队).This makes it even more difficult to say whether classical music is relevant to young people.
So, it may be only a minority of young people who play classical instruments , but when it comes to enjoying classical music, it depends on the piece of music. It may be more relevant to young people in the modern world than they realise!
| Title |
Classical Music |
|
| Introduction |
The issue of whether classical music is |
|
| Opinions |
Evidence |
|
| ★ Classical music is associated only with old peonl. |
☆ |
|
| ★ Many young people don’t some music they listen to is classical. |
☆ Classical music is often found in films and advertisements. |
|
| ★ Classical ideas provide a for producing new music. |
☆ Young people now |
|
| ★ |
☆ A young man can write and make music on a computer |
|
| ★ “Classical music”can refer to various |
☆ Classical music |
|
| Conclusion |
Classical music may still be |
|
Tim: Hi, Susan. I've been wondering when I'd run into you. What are busy with?
Susan: Nice to meet you here, Tim. I'm buying some Christmas gifts for those work with me, but it's really
headache?
Tim: Maybe I could give you some advice. Firstly, you should consider (divide) them into different groups. Who are the people that are your friends as well as your workmates and who are the people you do not know well
see pretty much daily.
Susan: OK, then should I do?
Tim: For the friends, you want to buy personal gifts. Chocolate, for example.
Susan: This is what I always give, but I know one of my friends, Mary, is a diet.
Tim: Does she like fruit or coffee? Anyway, think the gift that you know your friend likes.
Susan: Well, I think fruit is helpful to keep (health). What about others?
Tim: You can send them cards.
Susan: Christmas cards?
Tim: Yes, you can afford them. More (important), it reminds them that you're thinking of them.
Susan: Thank you for your suggestion, Tim. You (help) me out.
Julie enjoyed reading when young. She grew up in key middle school in her city,
her parents both taught Chinese. That meant she was surrounded by either teachers who were busy teaching or students who
(devote) to their studies. So she developed her love of
.
Her interest reading also benefited from the fact that
parents only let her watch half an hour of TV a day. She learned to use her mind and imagination to entertain
. It’s not really
(surprise) that reading became her vocation. When not reading she enjoyed watching films, walking and relaxing with her friends. Reading brought her much
(please) and she never wanted to stop learning. Not only did reading enrich her knowledge
it improved her learning scores.
Hugging is an extremely positive form of communication. It expresses the values of love, approval, gratitude and forgiveness. Research shows that hugs have more positive effects on children and adults than just some encouraging words and a smiling face. Giving our child a hug on various occasions can make a world of difference in our young learner's lives.
On the first day of school, giving a hug coupled with a few calming breaths just might help your little learner overcome "The First Day Fears." By the way’ giving hugs for the first full week wouldn't hurt either. Hugs are relatively inexpensive and apparently very healthy.
It's the day of the class play and your kid is not so confident about saying a few words as a wild turkey in front of an audience. Giving a hug coupled with a few encouraging words just might help them feel more confident.
Usually, bedtime is the most frightening time of the day for most kids，who feel very stressed and may stay up. Giving a tight hug coupled with reading their favorite story or singing their favorite song may help them have a good sleep.
Besides, according to Intelligence Quotient Development in Children on eHow.com, "A caring yet inspiring environment is always helpful in promoting a child's language skills. Make sure your child gets plenty of hugs and kisses and hears positive and encouraging words from you."
Sometimes we get caught up in teaching, parenting, providing, and protecting our children that we forget to hug them. If there's one thing your child or student may need from you to help adapt their behavior or improve their IQ, it may just be something as simple as a hug.
A positive hug could change the course of the day for you both when you least expect it. So remember to hug your children often and put emotion behind it and really mean it!
| Title |
The Positive Effect of Hugs |
|
| Introduction |
Hugging |
|
| Benefits |
◇Helping children |
■Giving a hug and whispering to |
| ◇Building |
■Hugging with a few words of |
|
| Relieving |
■Hugging |
|
| ◇Improving children's language skills and IQ positively |
■Creating a caring and inspiring (83) with plenty of hugs, kisses and encouraging words ■ |
|
| Conclusion |
A positive hug to children can be of great benefit to both the giver and the |
阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
The World Bank, the United Nations and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine did a study to urge hand-washing around the world. They found that one million lives could be saved each year if people washed their hands with soap often. They said that programs to increase hand-washing with soap could be among the most effective ways to reduce infectious disease.
Doctors say, many diseases can be prevented from spreading by hand-washing. These include pinworms(寄生虫), influenza(流感), the common cold, hepatitis(肝炎) A, meningitis(脑 膜炎) and infectious diarrhea(腹泻).
Hand-washing destroys germs from other people, animals or objects a person has touched. When people get bacteria on their hands, nose or mouth, they can infect themselves by touching their eyes, nose or mouth. Then these people can infect other people.
The experts say the easiest way to catch a cold is to touch your nose or eyes after someone nearby has sneezed or coughed. Another way to become sick is to eat food prepared by someone whose hands were not clean.
The experts say that hand-washing is especially important before and after preparing food, before eating and after using the toilet. People should wash their hands after handling animals or animal waste, and after cleaning a baby. The experts say it is also a good idea to wash your hands after handling money and after sneezing or coughing. And it is important to wash your hands often when someone in your home is sick. The experts say the most effective way to wash your hands is to rub them together while using soap and warm water. They say you do not have to use special antibacterial soap. Be sure to rub all areas of the hands for about ten to fifteen seconds. The rubbing action helps remove germs. Then rinse(冲洗) the hands with water and dry them.
Title:
| Hand-washing could be among the most effective ways to reduce infectious diseases. |
|
| Many prevented. |
Pinworms, influenza, the common cold, hepatitis A, meningitis and infectious diarrhea. |
| ●Before and after preparing ●Before eating and after using the ●After cleaning a baby. ●After handling money and after sneezing or coughing. ●When there is a |
|
| ●Rubbing them together while using ●Rubbing all areas of the hands for about 10-15 seconds and rinsing the hands with water and dry them. |
|
| How hand-washing works |
Hand-washing |