根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。
Travel Manners
Every culture has its own unwritten list of behavior that is acceptable. Every society also has its taboos, or types of behavior that are considered a violation of good manners.
The word taboo comes from the Tongan language and is used in modern English to describe verbal and nonverbal behavior that is forbidden or to be avoided. They tend to be specific to a culture or country, and usually form around a group’s values and beliefs. What is considered acceptable behavior in one country may be a serious taboo in another.
Verbal taboos usually involve topics that people believe are too private to talk about publicly, or relate to one’s manner of speaking. In many cultures, for example, it is considered bad manners to discuss subjects such as sex or religion in public. In some countries, the volume of one’s voice may annoy people. For example, one of the biggest differences among many Western Asian, and African cultures is the use of eye contact. In the US, people make eye contact when they talk to others.
In many Asian and African cultures, however, children are taught to lower their eyes when talking to their elders, or those of higher rank, as a way to show respect.
Certain gestures made with the hands can have very different meanings depending on the country you are in. Crossing your middle finger over your forefinger is the sign for good luck in many western countries. Also, in some Asian countries, moving your hands a lot while talking, or ‘talking with your hands’, is considered unsuitable.
Behavior that is acceptable and non-offensive in one culture can be highly offensive in another. When visiting a foreign country, be aware of some of the basic differences, as this will help to ensure a more enjoyable trip.
| A．Nonverbal taboos usually relate to body language. |
| B．In Vietnam and Argentina, however, it is a rude gesture. |
| C．In spite of what some people may think, taboos are not universal. |
| D．Cancer is a taboo subject and people are frightened to talk openly about it. |
E．Learn a country’s customs so that you don’t hurt the local people unconsciously.
F．They might think that someone who is speaking or laughing loudly is rude or aggressive.
G．If a person avoids eye contact, others might think they are being dishonest or unconfident.
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Happy birthday! Do birthdays really makes people happy? Birthdays celebrates the day when we were born. Besides, that extra candle on the cake suggest another year of growth and maturity（成熟）—or so we hope．We all like to imagine that we are getting wiser and not just older．Most of us enjoy seeing the wonder of growth in others, as well．For instance, seeing our children develop and learn new things makes us feel proud．For Americans, like people in most cultures, growing up is a wonderful process．But growing old?
Growing old is not exactly for people in youth-oriented（以年轻人为中心）American culture．As the old saying goes, “You’re young as you feel．” Older people joke about how many years young they are, rather than how many years old．People in some countries value the aged as a source of experience and wisdom．But Americans seem to favor those that are young, or at least “young at heart”．
Many older Americans find the “golden years” to be anything but golden．Economically, “senior citizens” often struggle just to get by．Retirement at age of 65 brings a sharp decrease in personal income．Social security benefits usually cannot make up the difference．Older people may suffer from poor nutrition, medical care, and housing.
American sociologist Pat Moorece dressed up like an older person and wandered city streets．She was often treated rudely--even cheated and robbed．However, dressed as a young person, she received much more respect．
40Why? People are living longer．Fewer babies are being born．And middle-aged “baby boomers” are rapidly entering the group of the elderly．America may soon be a place where wrinkles（皱纹）are “in”．Marketing experts are already noticing this growing group of consumers．
| A．That is a different story. |
| B．Most people in America like the young. |
| C．Of course they do. |
| D．Some even experience age discrimination（歧视). |
E. People in America grow larger every year.
F. Most Americans like to look young, act young and feel young．
G. Unfortunately, the elderly population in America is increasing fast．
Your Teen Is Falling Asleep in Class
Teens have a busy morning schedule as they need to wake up and get moving very early in order to catch a bus and get to school by the required time. This means teens need to get their rest the night before or they will be too tired to learn anything at school. ___
When a teen falls asleep in class, two things happen: he/she misses what is being taught and he/she loses the respect of the teacher. He/She may also receive a consequence from the school, depending on the classroom discipline policy. __
To prevent your teen from being sleepy in class, try these three tips：
*Set a time for “lights out” on school nights. This is never be any later than 10 p．m. and preferably 9 p．m. __ Soft music can be on and used to help calm your teen.
*Help your teen develop a nighttime routine that involves activities that slow them down for the end of the day. __ Turning off the computer and disconnecting from friends and the excitement of the day an hour before bedtime will also help your teen relax.
*___ This will reinforce (增强) what it feels like to be rested and capable of accomplishing what he/she wants.
| A．What's worse, they may even fall asleep in class. |
| B．Taking a bath and reading are two activities that work well. |
| C．Set a good example and show him/her your love for learning. |
| D．Point out the positives after your teen has had a good night's rest. |
E．“Lights out” means the computer, television, lights and cell phone should be off.
F．All of these things affect your teen's academic success and can be avoided.
G．While your teen keeps his/her goals in line with your expectations, he/she may have his/her own goals.
| A.Media volunteer Media volunteer is helping hundreds of nonprofit groups get their stories covered in the media through the innovated strategy called “distributed work”. With a commitment of just a few minutes, volunteers can sign up to update Media volunteer’s Media Contact Database and provide media contact information to help organizations campaign for positive changes. |
B.American Red cross of Greater Los Angeles The American Red Cross is the leading humanitarian organization in the world, providing relief to victims of disaster and helping people prevent and prepare for emergencies. The American Red cross of Greater Los Angeles is the second largest Red Cross Chapter in the nation and the largest on the East Coast. |
| C.EF Foundation for Foreign Study EF Foundation for Foreign Study connects talented, enthusiastic high school students from around the world with caring families across the country. Together, the organization builds friendship trust that has the power to change the world. Since 1979, Ef’s team of dedicated volunteer families, local coordinators, and staff has helped over 100,000 students from nearly 40 countries participate in international exchange programs. |
D.Voices for Children Voices for Children tries to ensure that abused, neglected and abandoned children who have become dependents of the San Diego County Court will have a safe and permanent home. Through its network of trained and educated volunteer Court Appointed Special Advocated --（CASAs）, Voices for Children works with key agencies, legal lawyers and community resources to identify and protect the best interests of each child inside and outside of court. |
| E.Domestic Abuse Helpline For Men and Women Domestic Abuse Helpline For Men and Women （DAHMW） is dedicated to providing support and services to victims of home violence. The organization works to educate the public at large as well as those who work in the domestic field and its goal is to end home violence for all victims so that families can live in peace and safety in their homes. |
F.Heart House Austin Heart House is dedicated to raising academic achievement levels for low income and at – risk children in inner cities and to encourage them to become active and contributing members of society. Heart House also has a free summer program in which children participate in fine arts classes, sports, swimming and more. The agency’s main goal is to ensure healthy, happy, and confident children. |
Laurie Scott, Kate So, Molly Morris, Patsy Wincher和Joy Perryman各自打算加入一个志愿者组织，选出符合个人需要的最佳选项。 Laurie Scott and her husband have just moved to Las Vegas. They are looking for a way to get connected and involved in the community. Since their son is far away from home in college, they really want a member at their house to fight off the loneliness.
Kate So is a teacher of 38 years who also practiced law early in her career. She enjoyed being with children, so she left law and courts behind her and became a teacher. Now she wants to use her special knowledge to protect and help those abused children.
As a successful real estate agent, Molly Morris is now looking for a place to get involved with local youth and inspire others in her community, but also ones that encourage her to learn and grow on her own.
Being a victim of home violence herself, Pasty Wincher wants to provide services to those women who suffer from the same misfortune. She wants to use her own experience to tell them how to protect themselves and create their own happiness.
As a busy communications major at Northern Illinois University, it isn’t easy for Joy Perryman to find a volunteer opportunity that would work out. However, she is anxious to use her energy and major related skills to help where she could.
Lazy people will never amount to anything in life. However, laziness can be defeated once a few changes have been made in your mind.Many people lack sleep constantly, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to procrastinate(拖延). By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day.
Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from project to project. Others take a more proactive approach, viewing each project or task as a challenge they must overcome alone.
Some people fight laziness by removing the temptations(诱惑) that surround them. A television in the living room may provide entertainment, but watching too much TV often promotes laziness. Create a reward system for yourself, just as parents do for a child to promote responsibility. Complete a certain number of chores and reward yourself with a good dinner.Spouse(配偶) and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not addressed quickly. To fight household laziness, lead by example. Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own chores. It is difficult to practice laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people.
Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle, thus enabling you to have more energy and help boost your mood.
| A．Knowing how to fight laziness is important. |
| B．One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep. |
| C．Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. |
| D．If you have a hobby, celebrate after completing a project. |
E. Finally, taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness.
F. With strong determination, you will be able to achieve your goal.
G. Laziness sets in when you no longer feel in charge of your own life.
根据短文内容，从下面的A——F 选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑，选项中有一项为多余选项。
| A. Name of the same history textbook. B. Benefits of sharing the same textbook. C. The origin of the idea of the same history book. D. The dislike for each other. E. The same history textbook in France and Germany F. Reasons for the hatred between France and Germany . |
High—school students in France and Germany are to learn modern history from the same textbook starting in the 2012 school year. It’s thought that the new book will help the next generation of the French and Germans develop a shared European identity. The book, called “Historie/Geschichte”, the French and German words for history, was co-written by historians from both countries. It will provide students from both sides of the Rhine(莱茵河) with the different explanations of their common history.
The idea for the books came about in 2008, when high school students from both countries celebrated the 45th anniversary of the Elysee Treaty(爱丽舍条约)， a friendship agreement signed to show that France and Germany had buried their post—war differences. The students’ suggestion soon got strong support from both governments. “The big lesson is that hatred won’t last forever,” said French Education Minister Gilles de Robien. “This book allows us to create a shared future and build on our past,” he added.
However, the French and Germans both have their own different origins, styles and culture. According to a survey by leading French newspaper Le Figaro (费加罗报)，the French regard Germans as being highly disciplined and hard-working, while the Germans see the French as proud and shallow. So they don’t like each other.
Conflicts between France and Germany have been existing over the years. The defeated power was robbed of its resources. Things were at the top in the two world wars, which further damaged relations. Many people lost their families, and hatred increased. Europe was seriously damaged by the conflicts.
The wars’ bitter lessons told the two powers that they needed to unite in order to rise to their feet. Now France and Germany have put an end to their age-old rivalry(敌对状态)，and they try to work together as the engines driving Europe forward. “The book is another milestone in Franco-German relations,” Peter Miler, a German official said. He said that it’s the first time that two nations have sat down and written history together. “If France and Germany can do it, why shouldn’t other countries follow suit?”