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Here are some traditional German beer games .
Beer Boot Pass
A very , very popular game played in Germany is the beer boot pass ( Bier Boot ) , which has gained popularity all over the world . The game is usually played to pin the next round of beer on a person . In this , a full glass of beer is passed around in the group—there are some rules for this—it has to be tipped every time before it is passed and not a drop of beer must be spilled . The second-to-last person who finishes the beer must pay for the next round . The game then becomes all about judgment because either you drink the entire beer or have a sip and pass it on . You never know who the second to last person will be , so the uncertainty and excitement makes the game a favorite .
Beer Crate-Running
This is a traditional game that is extremely popular in Germany , Switzerland , and Austria , more popularly referred to as Kastenlauf . The game is similar to running a race , where a route is marked , ranging from anywhere between 5-12 km . Each participant brings a crate of beer ( the size and quantity will be specified ) . The first person who success fully finishes the entire crate of beer before getting to the finish line wins .
Flunkyball
This outdoor game is played with one team being matched against another , with equal numbers in both . The teams stand on opposite sides of the ground in a line , with their beers lined before them . An empty bottle or a tin can is placed in the center and another object ( used as an aim ) is brought in , something like a tennis ball . The first team ( A ) hits the ball onto the target to tumble(打翻)it . Once the bottle has tumbled , team A will start drinking their beers . Meanwhile , team B must run to the center , place the bottle upright , find the ball , and cross back into the line before yelling ‘ Stop ’ . Team A then stops drinking and team B starts to throw the ball at the bottle and carrying forward the game . The game continues till one team has finished all their beer and they are declared winners .
Drinking Relay
Divide the group of people into two teams and get them to stand in a line with beer placed in front of each member . At the blow of the whistle , the first person lifts the glass and starts drinking the beer . After he is done , he has to turn the glass over to show that there is no more beer in the glass . Then , the next person starts drinking and so on . The next in line can only drink when the first person has emptied his glass . The team whose last member empties the glass ahead of others wins .
Herman the German
Even though this game seems simple , it is a lot of fun . It runs on the lines of ‘ Who stole the cookie ’ . A person is chosen as ‘ Herman the German ’ ( HTG ) and he has to get the game running . The other members sit in a random manner and are given names , better if they are confusing names like China Port No. 1 , Rum Master Blaster etc . The game starts with HTG saying – “ HTG dropped a missile on China Port No. 1 , sir ” and China Port No. 1 has to reply with – “ It wasn’t me , sir . ” Then HTG replies – “ Who then , sir ” and it goes on . The sentence has to end with ‘ sir ’ and if it doesn’t , then the player has to down a beer . Similarly , if at any point the players fumble , they have to do the same . The tension makes the players forget things and there’s a whole lot of beer flowing as a result .
Which two games have something to do with running ?

A.Beer Boot Pass and Beer Crate-Running
B.Flunkyball and Drinking Relay
C.Beer Crate-Running and Flunkyball
D.Drinking Relay and Herman the German

The loser will have to buy beers for others in the game __________ .

A.Beer Boot Pass B.Beer Crate-Running
C.Flunkyball D.Drinking Relay

A person with a good memory may have a advantage in playing __________ .

A.Beer Boot Pass B.Flunkyball
C.Drinking Relay D.Herman the German

Which of the following statements is listed as a rule of the games ?

A.Every person has to sip the beer when playing Beer Boot Pass .
B.The person who replies to HTG with “ sir ” at the end will be punished .
C.The team can start drinking their beers as soon as they throw the ball in Flunkyball
D.The team members have to drink their beers in turn when playing Drinking Relay .
科目 英语   题型 阅读理解   难度 中等
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There have always been a lot of commonly believed but exercise. Some people believe that they can’t help putting on hold that if they stop exercising, their muscles will turn into fat. Here are some more myths:
false ideas about being fat and doing weight as they get older, while others
I‘ll never lose weight一I come from a fat family
Wrong! While we can’t change the body type we are bom with, we can’t blame our genes for making us fat. There’s plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families, and the main reason is that they
share the same habits of eating too much and exercising too little.
I am fat because I burn calories slowly
Wrong! Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢). In fact, although fat people consume more energy than slim people,they also fail to realize how much they eat! Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately.
Exercise is boring
Wrong! Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively. The key is to develop a balanced and varied program thafs fun as well as progressive. If you enjoy a Sunday walk,take a different route. If you do yoga,try a tai chi class. If you like swimming, set yourself a distance or time challenge.
No pain, no gain
Wrong! Exercise is not meant to hurt. Indeed, pain is your body telling you something’s wrong, and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury. You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly, but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly. If they don’t, rest and seek medical advice.
What does the author think about being fat?

A.It is the family genes that make people fat.
B.People are fat because they consume too little energy.
C.A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat.
D.It is the consequence of people’s unbalanced lifestyle.

According to the author, how can we make exercise more interesting?

A.By taking varied exercise. B.By choosing simple exercise.
C.By doing regular exercise. D.By sticking to outdoor exercise.

What is the author’s opinion about “No pain, no gain” in exercising?

A.Keeping fit is essentially a painful experience.
B.Exercise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt.
C.Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal.
D.Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body.

What is the purpose of the passage?

A.To declare the importance of keeping fit.
B.To clarify some misconceptions about fatness and exercise.
C.To confirm what has long been believed about keeping fit.
D.To explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise.

The Cost of Higher Education
Individuals (个人) should pay for their higher education.
A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources (资源) of the government. Using taxpayers' money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.
Full government funding (资助) is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy.
If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.
Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.
The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 2 refers to

A.taxpayers B.pressing calls C.college graduates D.government resources

The author thinks that with full government funding

A.teachers are less satisfied
B.students are more demanding
C.students will become more competent
D.teachers will spend less time on teaching

The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to

A.argue against free university education
B.call on them to finance students' studies
C.encourage graduates to go into business
D.show their contribution to higher education

Depression (抑郁症) is a serious problem today.Depression causes workers to be unproductive,causing companies and countries to lose billions of dollars.One expert says that depression is like cancer because it is “widespread,costly and deadly”.Depression hits one person in five around the world.
Although people have believed depression to be a problem among the rich and educated,studies show that depression is a problem among everyone.Over any sixmonth period,between five to seven percent of the world’s population will be suffering from a serious depression.Suicide rates among people suffering from the disease in its extreme,or clinical form were 80 percent higher than in the population at large,and sufferers were four times more likely to have heart attacks.People who suffer from depression often have problems sleeping,getting up on time,and doing work productively.
Depression,which researchers agree has its origin in the genes,brings loss of confidence and ability to concentrate—making it impossible for employees and managers to work efficiently.
Depression is made more serious in China by Chinese’s inability to face it.Many people believe that depressed people are either weak or lazy.Besides,there is no good treatment,with few specialists available.“Most patients in China just don’t get help,”a Chinese doctor says.“In my hospital,I have to see 30 or 40 patients in a morning,just have time to say ‘Hello,how do you feel?’”
In Western countries,people are not afraid to admit that they have depression,but most do not tell it to their boss,because they fear that they will be stricken_off_the_rolls.“In my experience,aging bosses are the most willing to admit they have it.Because they feel the most secure about themselves,” an American doctor says.
Hopefully,in the near future,people around the world will be able to admit that they have depression so that they can get the right treatment.
Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A.It is widely believed that everyone may suffer from depression.
B.Depression brings great problems to its sufferers in their life and work.
C.Depression is a commonlyexisting problem only in rich countries.
D.The poorer and the less educated a person is,the less he will suffer from depression.

Compared to normal people,the depressed people are likely to be________.

A.very unconfident and often absentminded
B.easy to avoid being hit by heart attacks
C.working efficiently and productively
D.either weak or lazy

Depression becomes more serious in China because of________.

A.the understanding of the problem
B.the lack of treatment and doctors
C.their unwillingness to tell it to their boss
D.the doctors’ careless work

What can we infer from the passage?

A.People are suffering from depression because of the shortage of specialists.
B.The aging bosses around the world dare to say they are depressed.
C.More and more patients will turn to specialists for help.
D.Western people are braver than Chinese people.

What does the underlined words in the 5th paragraph mean?

A.Hired. B.Dismissed. C.Promoted. D.Recommended.

There was a sweet smell of incense (香) in the air as the wellmuscled man moved his legs into a position well behind his head.It was something that the human body really should not be able to do.But what else would you expect at the First World Yoga Championships?
On September 25,the world’s leading yoga experts arrived in the US to find out who was the best.But the real prize was to turn yoga into a proper Olympic event.
“Yoga is a combination of bodybuilding,Miss World,Mr Universe and gymnastics,” said championship organizer Bikram Choudhury.“There are some 70 people from more than 20 countries competing in this event.Why not have yoga at the Olympics?”
The public cannot decide whether or not Choudhury’s dream will come true.But he is right about one thing:yoga has become popular with young and old people all over the world.In the US alone,15 million people practise yoga.Everyone is at it,including Madonna and Ricky Martin.
Yoga started in India more than 5,000 years ago.The name means “to join together”.That is to bring the body and mind together into one pleasing experience.The whole system of yoga is built on three things:exercise,breathing and meditation (沉思).
The yoga that we know today is mostly physical yoga.It’s seen as a type of exercise,but is different from sports like football or running.When we do yoga,we move our body into positions that stretch the muscles and joints,making them stronger.
One of the best things about yoga is the fact that everyone can do it.To women,it means a flat stomach,more shapely legs and a graceful body.To men,it is a way of becoming stronger and more athletic.
There are also speciallydesigned yoga classes for pregnant women or children suffering from mental disabilities,such as autism (孤独症).As for teenagers,meditation and simple breathing exercises can help them learn to calm down,relax and concentrate better.But teenagers under 16 are not supposed to do the body exercises as it could have a bad effect on their natural growth.
What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?

A.Something sportsmen should not do in practising yoga.
B.Basic skills that are required in performing yoga.
C.The performance of the sportsmen at the First World Yoga Championships.
D.The unique setting where yoga is performed.

What is Choudhury’s dream in the passage?
A.Turning yoga into a proper Olympic event.
B.Making all Americans practise yoga.
C Winning the First World Yoga Championships.
D.Getting the public support for promoting yoga.
Why does the author mention Madonna and Ricky Martin in the fourth paragraph?

A.To compare the differences between the young and the old.
B.To describe the extensive popularity of yoga in the US.
C.To emphasize the importance of practising yoga.
D.To explain the strong influence of public figures in the US.

Which statement is NOT true about yoga?

A.It is a type of exercise which benefits the body and mind.
B.It makes muscles and joints stronger by stretching.
C.It contains exercise,breathing and meditation.
D.It is similar to the sports like football or running.

According to the passage,who does not need to pay special attention in practising yoga?

A.Women to be mothers. B.Teenagers under 16.
C.Adult men. D.Children with autism.

Boiler rooms are often dirty and steamy, but this one is clean and cool. Fox Point is a very new47-unit living building in South Bronx, one of the city’s poorest areas. Two-thirds of the people living there are formerly (以前) homeless people, whose rent is paid by the government. The rest are low-income families. The boiler room has special equipment, which produces energy for electricity and heat. It reuses heat that would otherwise be lost to the air, reducing carbon emissions(碳排放)while also cutting costs.
Fox Point is operated by Palladia, a group that specializes in providing housing and services to needy, people. Palladia received support from Enterprise Community Partners (ECP), which helps build affordable housing by providing support to housing developers.
ECP has created national standards for healthy, environmentally (环境方面) clever and affordable homes which are called, the Green Communities Standards. These standards include water keeping, energy saving and the use of environmentally friendly building materials. Meeting the standards increases housing construction costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs. Even the positioning of a window to get most daylight can help save energy.
Michael. Bloomberg, New York's mayor, plans to create 165,000 affordable housing units for500,000 New Yorkers. Almost 80% of New York City’s greenhouse-gas emissions come from buildings, and 40% of those are caused, by housing. . So he recently announced that the city’s Department of Housing and Preservation and Development (DHPD) , whose duty is to develop and keep the city’s supply of affordable housing, will require all its new projects to follow ECP’s green standards.
Similar measures have been taken by other cities such as Cleveland and Denver, but New York’s DHPD is the largest city developer of affordable housing in the country.
What is the purpose of describing the boiler room in the first paragraph?

A.To explain the measures the city takes to care for poor people.
B.To suggest that affordable housing is possible in all areas.
C.To show how the environment-friendly building works.
D.To compare old and new boiler rooms.

What is an advantage of the buildings meeting the Green Communities Standards?

A.Lower running costs.
B.Costing less in construction.
C.Less air to be lost in hot days.
D.Better prices for homeless people.

It can be learned from the text that

A.New York City is seriously polluted
B.people’s daily life causes many carbon emissions in New York City
C.a great number of people in New York City don't have houses to live in
D.some other cities have developed more affordable housing than New York City

What is the main purpose of this text?

A.To call on people to pay more attention to housing problems.
B.To prove that some standards are needed for affordable housing.
C.To ask society to help homeless people and low-income families.
D.To introduce healthy, environmentally clever-and affordable housing.

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