Wilma Subra had no intention of becoming a public speaker. After graduating from college with degrees in chemistry and microbiology, she went to work at Gulf South Research Institute in Louisiana.
As part of her job, she conducted field research on toxic (poisonous) substances in the environment, often in minority communities located near large industrial polluters. She found many families were being exposed to high, sometimes deadly levels of chemicals and other toxic substances. But she was not allowed to make her information public.
Frustrated by these restrictions, Subra left her job in 1981, created her own company and has devoted the past two decades to helping people fight back against giant industrial polluters. She works with families and community groups to conduct environmental tests, interpret test results, and organize for change.
Because of her efforts, dozens of toxic sites across the country have been cleaned up. And one chemical industry spokesperson calls her “a_top_gun” for the environmental movement.
How has Subra achieved all this? Partly through her scientific training.Partly through her commitment to environmental justice. But just as important is her ability to communicate with people through public speaking. “Public speaking，” she says, “is the primary vehicle I use for reaching people.”
If you had asked Subra before 1981 “Do you see yourself as a major public speaker？”， she would have laughed at the idea. Yet today she gives more than one hundred presentations a year. Along the way, she’s lectured at Harvard, testified before Congress, and addressed audiences in 40 states, as well as in Mexico, Canada, and Japan.What did Wilma Subra study for her job before 1981?
| A．Chemistry and microbiology. |
| B．Families affected by toxic chemicals. |
| C．Toxic substances in the environment. |
| D．Minority communities near industrial polluters. |
Why did Wilma Subra quit her job in 1981?
| A．She wanted to create her own company. |
| B．She preferred freedom to restrictions. |
| C．She hoped to work with families and communities. |
| D．She was forbidden to inform the public of toxic pollution. |
Wilma Subra is called “a top gun” in the 4th paragraph for ________．
| A．her scientific training |
| B．her efforts to fight against pollution |
| C．her help in closing down dozens of toxic sites |
| D．her strong belief in environmental justice |
What does Wilma Subra think of “public speaking”？
| A．She values it. | B．She laughs at it. |
| C．She is against it. | D．She has no idea of it. |
Dear Carol,
I wear braces （牙箍） and I know I look just terrible in them. Is there anything I can do to improve my appearance until they come off?
Connie N.
Philadelphia, PA
Dear Connie,
Start by thinking about how good you are going to look when your braces come off. If you are negative about your appearance, people will pick that up right away about you. In the meantime there are several things that you can do to lift your spirits:
Change your hairstyle. Be sure to get a good cut so that the shape of your hair will be flattering to your face and also good for your type of hair （fine, thick, straight, curly, etc.） Choose a hairstyle that draws attention away from your face. Hair pulled back into a pony-tail or into a ball on top or slightly off-center can be attractive and practical for this purpose.
Keep skin clean. If you choose to wear makeup（化妆品）, it should look natural. Blusher（腮红） and lip gloss（润唇膏） in light tones of peach or pink are best.
Be well-groomed（打扮）. Neatness really counts. People see a total look about you before they ever become aware of your braces. And first impressions are lasting ones!
68. Why did Connie write to Carol?
A. Because she really cared about her clothes.
B. Because she cared much about her appearance.
C. Because her teeth were not good.
D. Because she didn’t know how to make up.
69. Carol’s idea about one’s appearance is that ___________.
A. change your hairstyle and you will look beautiful
B. wear your make-up and you will look good
C. neatness is not important
D. if you yourself don’t think you look smart, neither will people
70. Carol tries to let Connie know that ___________.
A. the deepest impressions one leaves on others is the first ones
B. spirits are important when we talk about one’s appearance
C. there are some practical ways to draw people’s attention away from where you don’t feel good
D. all of the above
71. The underlined word “count” means “___________” in the last paragraph.
A. say numbers in order B. be of importance C. not include D. be accepted
Many teenagers feel that the most important people in their lives are their friends. They believe that their family members, especially their parents, don’t know them as well as their friends do. In large families, it is often for brothers and sisters to fight with each other and then they can only go to their friends for advice. It is very important for teenagers to have one good friend or many friends. Even when they are not with their friends, they usually spend a lot of time talking among themselves on the phone. This communication is very important in children’s growing up, because friends can discuss something difficult to say to their family members.
However, parents often try to choose their children’s friends for them. Some parents may even stop their children from meeting their good friends. The question of “choice” is an interesting one. Have you ever thought of the following questions?
Who choose your friends?
Do you choose your friends or your friends choose you?
Have you got good friends your parents don’t like?
64. Many teenagers think their ___________know them better than their parents do.
A. friends B. teachers C. brothers and sisters D. classmates
65. When teenagers stay alone, the usual way of communication is to ___________.
A. go to their friends B. talk with their parents
C. have a discussion with their family D. talk with their friends on the phone
66. Which of the following sentences is TRUE?
A. Parents should like everything their children enjoy.
B. In all families, children can choose everything they like.
C. Parents should try their best to understand their children better.
D. Teenagers can only go to their friends for help.
67. The main idea of this passage is that ___________.
A. Teenagers need friends
B. Friends can give good advice
C. Parents often choose their children’s friends for them
D. Good friends can communicate with each other
We are often asked to make a speech in life. Most of us are afraid of it and don’t do a good job. Here are some simple steps to make your speech a successful one. First of all, find out everything you can about your subject and at the same time find out as much as you can about your audience. Who are they? What do they know about your subject? Put yourself in their shoes as you prepare your speech. Then try to arrange your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible. Never forget your audience. Don’t talk over their heads or talk down to them. When you are giving your speech, speak slowly and clearly, look at your audience and pause for a few seconds from time to time to give your audience chances to think over what you’ve said. Just remember: be prepared, know your subject and your audience, say what you have to say and be yourself so that your ideas will bring you and your audience together.
60. When he is giving his speech, the speaker should ___________.
A. let his eyes rest on the subject B. follow the audience step by step
C. face the audience in a natural way D. look up and down from time to time
61. During the course of a speech, it is not right for a speaker to ___________.
A. think nothing of the audience B. speak in a clear voice
C. take a short stop at times D. give a lot of examples
62. What does the underlined word “pause” mean in the passage?
A. listen B. stop C. choose D. search
63. Which title best gives the main idea of the passage?
A. How to Remember the Audience
B. How to Pick out the Topic for a Speech
C. How to Prepare the Material for a Speech
D. How to Improve Your Speech
第三部分：阅读理解（共一节，满分32分）
第一节阅读理解（共16小题；每小题2分，满分32分）
阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Nearly all the tourists who come to southeast France make a tour to Monaco（摩纳哥）, too. Lying near the French-Italian border, Monaco is not part of France, but a separate principality（公国）, though it is surrounded by its greatest neighbour.
Monaco became a principality in the 16th century after being owned by a family member of a certain Italian king. The French and Italians, however, soon came to “protect” it one after another, until 1861, when it became its own master again.
Facing the blue Mediterranean（地中海）, Monaco is mainly made up of two cities, Monaco, where the palace of the prince（王子） stands, and Monte Carlo（蒙特卡洛）, which is a wonderful place for tourists. Every year, around 500,000 people from all parts of the world come to Monaco, nearly 25 times as much as its population.
Believe it or not, Monaco has no soldiers or policemen of its own. Law and order is kept by French police, and French stands for it in its foreign affairs, even the money used in Monaco is franc, too.
56. Monaco is ___________ .
A. another name for Monte Carlo B. mostly visited by French tourists
C. surrounded by France D. more related to Italy than to France
57. Which is the right order that tells the history of Monaco?
a. became a principality b. controlled by the Italians
c. became a principality again d. under the protection of French
A. a c b d B. b a c d C. c d b a D. a b d c
58. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. The national income of Monaco depends mainly on France.
B. Monaco is famous for having no soldiers or policemen of its own.
C. Monaco does not have a seat in the UN because it is too small a country.
D. Monte Carlo City seems more important for the existence of this principality.
59. The Head of Monaco is ___________ .
A. the King B. the President of France
C. a member of the royal family（王室） D. the Emperor
It was once thought that air pollution only affected the area immediately around large cities with factories or heavy automobile traffic. Today we know that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is actually worldwide. On several occasions over the past ten years, a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the entire eastern half of the United States and led to health warning even in rural areas away from any major concentration of big factories or automobile. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be affected by air pollution. Some scientist feel that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of coal and oil is creating a "green house" effect--holding in heat reflected from the earth and raising the world's average temperature. If this view is correct and the world's temperature is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice will disappear and cities, such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be under water.
Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particulate matter (颗粒物质) in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth's temperature--a result that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to new ice age and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. At present we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen (though one recent government report prepared by experts in this field concluded that the green house effect is very likely). Perhaps, if we are lucky enough, the two trends will offset each other and the world's temperature will stay about the same as it is now.
72. As far as the green house effect is concerned, the author_________.
A. shares the same view with the scientist
B. is not sure that it will happen
C. thinks it impossible because there is no strong evidence
D. thinks it will destroy the world soon
73. According to what we read in the passage, _________.
A. raising the world's temperature only a few degrees would do no harm to life on the earth
B. lowering the world's temperatures only a few degrees would lead many major farming areas to disaster
C. the temperature in the countryside will remain permanent in the years to come
D. the particulate matter in the atmosphere has lowered the world's average temperature
74. The word "offset" in the last sentence means_________.
A. strengthen B. worsen C. balance D. support
75. This passage is mainly about_________.
A. the pollution caused by human beingsB. the green house effect
C. the potential effect of air pollution D. the possibility of a new ice age