A scientist working at her lab bench and a six﹣old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common．After all，the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world，and the baby is，well，just playing…right？Perhaps，but some developmental psychologists （心理学家）have argued that this"play"is more like a scientific investigation than one might think．
Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table．Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge，it falls in the ground﹣﹣﹣and，in the process，it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact（相互作用）； bowls of rice do not float in mid﹣are，but require support to remain stable．It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe；nor are they ever clearly taught it．Instead，babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact．Though their ranges and tools differ，the baby's investigation and the scientist's experiment appear to share the same aim（to learn about the natural world ），overall approach （gathering direct evidence from the world），and logic （are my observations what I expected？）．
Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way﹣﹣﹣that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means．For example，it may only be through repeated experiments，evidence gathering，and finally overturning a theory，that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has，for example，unlike the child，Mommy actually doesn't like Dove chocolate．
Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn，but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists．Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike？Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort﹣﹣﹣the desire to explore，explain，and understand our world﹣﹣﹣is simply something that comes from our babyhood．Perhaps evolution provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds，and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children．The same cognitive systems that make young children feel good about feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists．As some psychologists put it，"It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children．"
50．According to some developmental psychologists，
| A． |
a baby's play is nothing more than a game． |
| B． |
scientific research into babies； games is possible |
| C． |
the nature of babies'play has been thoroughly investigated |
| D． |
a baby's play is somehow similar to a scientist's experiment |
51．We learn from Paragraph 2 that
| A． |
scientists and babies seem to observe the world differently |
| B． |
scientists and babies often interact with each other |
| C． |
babies are born with the knowledge of object support |
| D． |
babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do |
52．Children may learn the rules of language by
| A． |
exploring the physical world |
| B． |
investigating human psychology |
| C． |
repeating their own experiments |
| D． |
observing their parents'behaviors |
53．What is the main idea of the last paragraph？
| A． |
The world may be more clearly explained through children's play． |
| B． |
Studying babies'play may lead to a better understanding of science． |
| C． |
Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists． |
| D． |
One's drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows． |
54．What is the author's tone when he discusses the connection between scientists'research and babies'play？
| A． |
Convincing． |
B． |
Confused． |
| C． |
Confident． |
D． |
Cautious． |
I was telling my boy Sonny the story of the hare and the tortoise. At the end I said, “ Son, remember: Be slow and steady, and that will win the race. Don’t you think there’s something to learn from the tortoise?”
Sonny opened his eyes wide, “Do you mean next time when I’m entering for the 60-metre race I should wish that Billy, Tony and Sandy would all fall asleep halfway?”
I was shocked, “But the tortoise didn’t wish that the hare would fall asleep!”
“He must have wished that,” Sonny said, “Otherwise how could he be so foolish as to race with the hare? He knew very well the hare ran a hundred times faster than he himself did.”
“He didn’t have such a wish,” I insisted. “He won the race by perseverance, by pushing on steadily.”
Sonny thought a while. “That’s a lie,” he said. “He won it because he was lucky. If the hare hadn’t happened to fall asleep, the tortoise would never have won the race. He could be as steady as you like, or a hundred times steadier, but he’d never have won the race. That’s for sure.”
I gave up. Today’s children are not like what we used to be. They’re just hopeless.The writer argued with his son because _______.
| A．he liked tortoises while his son liked hares |
| B．they disagreed about whether the tortoise was stupid |
| C．he tried to teach his son the moral lesson of the story but the son refused it |
| D．he liked the story of the hare and the tortoise while his son didn't |
Sonny believed that the tortoise ______________.
| A．won the race by his own hard working |
| B．took a risk by agreeing to run a race |
| C．was not given a fair chance in the race |
| D．in fact did win the race luckily |
Billy, Tony and Sandy must be_______________.
| A．boys who were unknown to Sonny’s father |
| B．boys who Sonny has run races with before |
| C．boys who Sonny has never raced with before |
| D．boys who Sonny did not expect to race with again |
The writer thinks that his generation (一代人) ______________.
| A．are cleverer than Sonny’s generation |
| B．have the same ideas about life as Sonny’s generation |
| C．are more hopeful than Sonny’s generation |
| D．have different ideas about life from Sonny’s generation |
According to the passage, who do you think learnt a lesson? ______________.
| A．The tortoise | B．Sonny |
| C．The hare | D．Sonny’s father |
Please excuse me if I'm a little sad today. Mark is leaving, and I'm feeling kind of sad.
You probably don't know Mark, but you might be lucky enough to know someone just like him. He's been the heart and soul of the office for a couple of years combining great professional skills with a sweet nature. He just wants to do his job, and to do it superbly well. And now he's moving on to an exciting new professional opportunity. It sounds like it could be the chance of a lifetime, and we're genuinely, sincerely pleased for him. But that doesn't make it any easier to say goodbye to a dear friend and trusted colleague.
Life has a way of throwing these curve balls at us. Just when we start to get comfortable with a person, a place or a situation. A terrific neighbor moves away. Someone in the family graduates. A child finds new love and loyalties through marriage. The family's principle bread-winner is laid off.
But how do we do that? A friend of mine who works for the government once told me that the answer to life's problems can be summed up in four words: "Go with the flow."
"It's like surfing," Chris explained. "You can't organize the ocean. Waves just happen. You ride them where they take you, then you paddle back out there and catch the next one. Sure, you're always hoping for the perfect wave where you can get. But mostly you just take them the way they come.
I'm not exactly sure, but I think Chris was saying that life is a series of events—both good and bad. There will always be life-influencing factors over which you have no control. That doesn't mean you don't keep trying to make all your dreams come true. It just means that when things come up that aren't exactly in your plan, you work around them—and then you move on. Of course, some bumps along the road of life are easier to take than others. A rained-out picnic, for example, is easier to cope with than the sudden death of a loved one. But the principle is the same.
We're going to miss Mark, just like you'll miss that graduate, that neighbor or that newlywed. But rather than drown ourselves in the sadness of our parting, we'll focus on our hopes for a brighter future—for him, and for us. And then we'll go out and do everything we can to make that future happen.The passage is mainly about ___________.
| A．how to change yourself successfully |
| B．how to do if your colleague (同事) leaves |
| C．how to deal with unhappy things in life |
| D．how to deal with unexpected things in life |
In Paragraph 1 , the writer tells the story about Mike to _________.
| A．let us know his colleague | B．praise his colleague |
| C．introduce a topic | D．describe his life |
The leaving of Mike makes the writer feel _________________.
| A．really unpleasant | B．very angry |
| C．both happy and sad | D．a little disappointed |
Which is not an unexpected thing in life mentioned in the passage?
| A．A rained-out picnic. |
| B．A terrific neighbor’s apology. |
| C．The sudden death of a loved. |
| D．The graduation of a family member. |
In the writer’s opinion, one should ________ when unexpected things come up.
| A．accept them and hope for a better future |
| B．do as planned |
| C．overcome difficulties and let them in control |
| D．never give up until he succeeds |
People are being lured(引诱) onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service, and don’t realize that they’re paying for it by giving up loads of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data（资料） to advertisers that want to send targeted (目标的)messages.
Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea what they’re paying for Facebook, because people don’t really know what their personal details are worth.
The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you could keep everything private. That was the great thing about Facebook—you could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules so that many things—your city, your photo, your friends’ names—were set, by default（默认）, to be shared with everyone on the Internet.
According to Facebook’s vice president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don’t share information, they have a “less satisfying experience.”
Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. Its original business model, which involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page, totally failed. Who wants to look at ads when they’re online connecting with their friends?
The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April, Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Commission to set guidelines for social-networking sites. “I think the senators rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them,” Schrage admits.
I suspect that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade（侵犯）our privacy, it’s only the beginning，which is why I’m considering deactivating（撤销） my account(账号). Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don’t trust. That is too high a price to pay.What do we learn about Facebook from the first paragraph?
| A．It is a website that sends messages to targeted users. |
| B．It makes money by putting on advertisements. |
| C．It earns money by selling its user’s personal data |
| D．It provides a lot of information to its users |
What does the author say about most Facebook users?
| A．They don’t know their personal data enriches Facebook |
| B．They are unwilling to give up their personal information |
| C．They don’t identify themselves when using website |
| D．They care very little about their personal information |
Why does Facebook make changes to its rules according to Elliot Schrage?
| A．To help its users make more friends |
| B．To obey the Federal guidelines |
| C．To make money by attracting more users |
| D．To offer better service to its users |
What does Senator Charles Schumer argue for?
| A．Setting guidelines for advertising on websites |
| B．Setting rules for social-networking sites |
| C．Stopping sharing user’s personal information |
| D．Removing ads from all social-networking sites |
Why does the author plan to stop using his Facebook account?
| A．He is dissatisfied with its service. |
| B．He finds many of its users untrustworthy. |
| C．He doesn’t want his personal data badly used. |
| D．He is upset by its frequent rule changes. |
With more and more cars on the road, traffic jams are inevitable. Traffic jams can lead to increased accidents as there are more cars, with more people trying to get to their destination, all the while getting worse. Although it’s impossible to avoid traffic jams altogether, there are some tips you can follow to reduce the amount of time on the road.
Check for traffic jams before you leave. You can listen to the radio for traffic news, or check on the Internet to get up-to-minute information on traffic. If the route you want to take is heavy with traffic, you can choose another.
Look for a different route all the time. Most traffic jams happen on busy roads. Using country roads could see you avoiding a lot of traffic. Although the distance you may have to travel is further, it can work out quicker.
Set your car radio to receive traffic bulletins. Many new car stereo systems (汽车音响系 统) are equipped with a radio system by which you can hear the traffic channel. This way you can get the latest traffic information and change your journey if necessary.
__________ Most traffic jams usually occur during rush hour, so try to avoid this time period if possible. Some jobs offer flexible working hours so that you can travel to work outside of rush hour. Some jobs even allow you to work at home so as to avoid moving altogether. Ask your manager to see what you can do if traffic is a problem for you.
Use public transport alternatives where available. The easiest way to avoid traffic jams is to take buses or the underground instead of driving your own car. Not only will you avoid traffic jams but you will most likely be saving money as the cost of motoring rises.The underlined word “inevitable” in Paragraph 1 probably means _____.
| A．hard to accept | B．impossible to avoid |
| C．getting less serious | D．seen everywhere |
The author wrote the text in order to ______.
| A．explain why there are traffic jams |
| B．tell us how to save time on the road |
| C．tell us what we can do on the road |
| D．tell us the negative effects of traffic jams |
To get the latest traffic information, you could do the following EXCEPT ______.
| A．surfing the Internet |
| B．listening to the radio for traffic news |
| C．listening to the traffic channel |
| D．turning to other drivers for information |
Which of the following can be put in the blank in the text?
| A．Choose a job that has flexible working hours |
| B．Make friends with your manager |
| C．Try traveling at different time |
| D．Work from home |
According to the author, we should use public transport because __________.
| A．it is cheaper and can avoid traffic jams |
| B．it is useful to us |
| C．it is environmentally-friendly |
| D．it is completely free from traffic jams |
When I was fifteen, I announced to my English class that I was going to write and illustrate my own books. Half the students sneered. The rest nearly fell out of their chairs laughing. “Don’t be silly, only geniuses can become writers,” the English teacher said, “And you are getting a D this semester.” I was so humiliated(羞辱) that I burst into tears.
That night I wrote a short sad poem about broken dreams and mailed it to the Capri’s Weekly newspaper. To my astonishment, they published it and sent me two dollars. I was a published and paid writer. I showed it to my teacher and fellow students. They laughed. “Just plain dumb luck,” the teacher said. I tasted success. I’d sold the first thing I’d ever written. That was more than any of them had done and if it was just dumb luck, that was fine with me.
During the next two years I sold dozens of poems, letters, jokes and recipes. By the time I graduated from high school, with a C minus average, I had scrapbooks filled with my published work. I never mentioned my writing to my teachers, friends or my family again. They were dream killers and if people must choose between their friends and their dreams, they must always choose their dreams.
I had four children at the time, and the oldest was only four. While the children slept, I typed on my ancient typewriter. I wrote what I felt. It took nine months, just like a baby.
A month later Crying Wind, the title of my book, became a best seller, was translated into fifteen languages and Braille and sold worldwide. I appeared on TV talk shows. I traveled from New York to California and Canada on promotional tours. My first book also became required reading in native American schools in Canada.
People ask what college I attended, what degrees I had and what qualifications I have to be a writer. The answer is: “None.” I just write. I’m not a genius. I’m not gifted and I don’t write right. To all those who dream of writing, I’m shouting at you: “Yes, you can. Yes, you can. Don’t listen to them.” I don’t write right but I’ve beaten the odds. Writing is easy, it’s fun and anyone can do it. Of course, a little dumb luck doesn’t hurt.Why did many students laugh after hearing what the writer said?
| A．Because they didn’t like him |
| B．Because they wished he could be successful as a writer |
| C．Because their teacher laughed, too |
| D．Because they felt it impossible for him to succeed |
When the writer graduated from high school, ___________.
| A．he had become a famous writer |
| B．he had made progress in his studies. |
| C．his classmates and teachers changed their attitudes towards him |
| D．he decided he wouldn’t become a writer |
What prevented him telling others about his writing?
| A．The characters in his story. | B．His teacher. |
| C．His early experience. | D．His parents. |
What can we infer from the passage?
| A．It is difficult for a person, who cares about what others say, to succeed. |
| B．It is important for a person to tell others what he wants to do. |
| C．It is necessary for a person, who wants to succeed, to take others’ advice. |
| D．It is impossible for an ordinary person to be a writer in the future. |
Which of the following is the best title?
| A．A famous writer |
| B．I Hate My Classmates and Teachers |
| C．I Never Write Right |
| D．A Genius Can Be a Writer |