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Methods of training animals have changed greatly in recent years. Zoo keepers have always had problems getting the animals to leave their cages in order for the cages to be cleaned, and also training them to move indoors when appropriate. Another problem was that many of the large animals became listless and bored. In the last twenty years, scientists have done research on dolphins and whales, training them to obey commands. The scientists found they could get animals to obey by rewarding them with food and affection when they responded correctly.
Proper training allows the animals to receive the care they need. It was very difficult to get untrained animals, especially the larger ones, to stay still when they needed medical attention. Now they can be trained, on command, to remain still and even to allow blood samples to be taken and shots administered. All this is accomplished through positive reinforcement, without the use of any force. Affection training, as this process is called, has been used with great success on a wide variety of zoo animals. Animal behavior experts have taught zoo keepers to train bears, tigers, monkeys, and many other species to behave in a way that provides for better animal-keeper interaction. This training also keeps the animals from becoming bored and inactive.
Although some people proclaim(谴责) that this training is inhumance and cruel to animals, results have shown that captive(猎获的)animals who previously were not doing well flourish under the new training procedures.
The word “listless” means _______.

A．countless	B．obedient
C．inactive	D．mysterious

Which of the following is valid conclusion based on this passage?

A．It is safe to pet any animal.　

B．Many animals respond favorably to rewards and affection.

C．Animals in the wild can be trained.

D．Animals should not be kept in zoos.

The writer's purpose is to _______.

A．persuade people not to feed animals in the zoo

B．show how easy it is to train animals

C．explain method of training animals through rewards

D．criticize zoo keepers

Which of the following is an opinion?

A．Zoo keepers had problems in getting animals to leave their cages.

B．Training is cruel to animals.

C．Animals obey commands if they are trained to do so.

D．Many animals can be trained, on commands, to remain still.

A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three or four maps presents a continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasters are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts. They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal an synoptic picture(气象图) of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time.
All students of geography should to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States Weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts, droughts and all climate conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “outlook” which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These outlooks are based on an analysis of the upper air levels.
With the use of electronic instruments and satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations(气象站).Experiments are also in progress for weather modification studies, although few successful results such as artificial rainmaking have been achieved so far.
Which is not mentioned in this passage in the following about one characteristic of weather?

A．Fronts.

B．Temperature change.

C．Wind speed.

D．Frost.

The observation of weather conditions by satellites is advantageous because
_______.

A．it is modern and sophisticated

B．it used electronic instruments

C．it enables man to alter the weather

D．it gives the scientists information not obtained readily otherwise

The word “interpret” in Paragraph 2 most probably means _______

A．explain

B．present

C．modify

D．illustrate

In Europe people hold the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right throughout the meal, a system that is generally agreed to be more efficient than the American zigzag（曲折的）method. Americans hold both the fork and the knife in their right hands throughout the meal, so they continually change their forks to the left hand when they have to cut their meat. It seems to be funny for the Europeans to see Americans busy changing their dinner sets, making a lot of noises. A few explanations for this American style are as follows:
(1)Americans are practical and efficient. Since most of us are right-handed, it is reasonable to keep our working tools at all times in the right hand that can use them most efficiently.
(2)Americans, the master of the New World are rebels（叛逆者）.They use the zigzag method to break the rules in the Old World and in this way they are thumbing their nose at Mother England. Americans are a restless kind. They do not like to sit in one spot for very long when dining.
(3)Forced to do so, they respond by “playing” with the silver.
Whatever the reason for the practice, it is now certainly as American as apple pie. Europeans recognize this and are quick to attack it as evidence of American innocence（无知）of form. Arguments against the zigzag method rest not only on grounds of efficiency but also on those of tradition. In Old World dining, the knife is held in the right hand continually because it can serve as an instant defense against the uninvited intruders（入侵者）.However, such alertness（警觉） is out of place in the New World, as every American believes that this is the home of the brave. Americans juggle their silverware, perhaps, to show that they are not afraid and that one of them holding a fork is worth any number of them holding blades（刀）.
Americans use _______ to hold their fork to pick up the salad.

A．the right hand	B．the left hand
C．both hands	D．either of the two hands

As the masters of the New World, Americans use a different cutting method from that in the Old World to _______.

A．show their independence of Mother England

B．show their disrespect to Mother England

C．add a new tradition to those in Mother England

D．show off their creativeness to Mother England

In the sentence, the word “juggle” probably means _______.

A．hold

B．play with

C．pick up

D．lay down

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A．European people hold the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right hand.

B．The zigzag eating method is related to American characteristics.

C．The zigzag eating method has become an American feature.

D．European people will use the American method because of its efficiency.

Awareness Weeks（认知宣传周）have become a regular part of Britain's cultural landscape over the past few years. They started back in 1957,when one charity（慈善机构）,Christian Aid, decided to make all its money-raising efforts on one time of year. It was thought that by doing this they would get more publicity for their cause.
They were right, and soon other charities and campaign groups followed them. These days, most donations to charity are not collected on the streets. So instead of just asking for money, charities prefer to spend their time “raising awareness”—spreading knowledge of the work they do or the cause they support. They also compete with businesses and trade groups who use awareness weeks as marketing campaigns for their products.
There are now 500 awareness weeks held every year in the UK. No week goes by without one group or another trying to make the British public aware of something, with most held in May or October.
The danger with all these awareness weeks is that people start to become cynical(不信任).Take National Smile Week, it seems like a great idea. Let's all make each other's life a little bit happier with a friendly smile. But really it's just a group of dentists and cosmetics companies trying to sell us toothpastes. It's enough to make you want to start National Forget About It Week.
“People feel that many awareness campaigns are just marketing exercises,” says Ms Ormiston, who edits the Awareness Campaign Register, a newsletter which encourages people who run Awareness Weeks to become more aware of each other.“But 90 per cent of campaigns are run by traditional charities or not for groups to make money.”
“There's still no official group for awareness campaigns,” says Ms Ormiston.“People can do what they like, whatever the size of their budgets（经费）or their public relations machines allows.”
This situation has led to calls for laws to stop real charities having their efforts overshadowed by marketing campaigns. This could be done by making the two groups hold their weeks at different times or stopping businesses running imitation(模仿) charity campaigns.
But there is another way. Maybe it's time for National Weak Awareness Week, especially for people whose awareness of Awareness Weeks is weak.
What's the main purpose of awareness weeks run by charities in Britain?

A．To raise money for charities.

B．To spread knowledge of charities.

C．To take up marketing campaigns.

D．To advertise their goods for sale.

Why do people start to become cynical about awareness weeks?

A．Too many awareness weeks make people feel bored.

B．People feel many awareness weeks are just for marketing exercises.

C．People have a weak awareness of awareness weeks.

D．Awareness weeks are held too often and too much money is raised.

What does Ms Ormiston think about awareness weeks?

A．Most of the awareness weeks should not be for making money.

B．Official groups should take the place of charities in awareness campaigns.

C．People can do what they like in awareness weeks.

D．People can get larger budgets through awareness campaigns.

In the 1960s,medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They found out that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member” were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not show how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you deal with these events has a great effect on your chances of staying healthy.
By the early 1970s,hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women's magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illnesses”.If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events. But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. ven if stressful events are dangerous, many—like the death of a loved one—are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription(处方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.
The idea that all stress makes you sick also takes no notice of what we know about people. It is supposed that we're all weak and passive in the face of difficulty. But many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental strength than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and mental damage.
The result of Holmes-Rahe's medical research tells us _______.

A．the way of dealing with major events may cause stress

B．what should be done to avoid stress

C．what kind of event would cause stress

D．how to deal with sudden changes in life

The studies on stress in the early 1970's led to_______.

A．widespread worry over its harmful effects

B．great fear about the mental problems it could cause

C．a deep research into illnesses connected with stress

D．popular avoidance of stressful jobs

According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become_______.

A．discouraged when faced with difficulty

B．physically and mentally weak

C．more experienced in the face of difficulty

D．uninterested in what happens to them

What's the purpose of writing the text?

A．To tell people the discoveries about stress.

B．To tell people how to keep healthy.

C．To help people avoid stressful events.

D．To help people view stress properly.

A．Cook's Cottage.	B．Westfield Centrepoint.
C．Sydney Tower:	D．Sovereign Hill.

A．11:00 am--2:00 pm.	B．5:00 pm--10:30 pm.
C．9:00 am--5:30 pm.	D．9:00 am--5:00 pm.

A．in Williamstown	B．in the centre of the city
C．in Anchorage	D．in a Cantonese fishing port