Penguins are lovely animals. Most people like them. But now as many as 10 of the 17 kinds of penguins are in danger of disappearing. The number of penguins has decreased by ( 减少了) 30% since 1987.
Penguins are black and white birds that live in the southern part of the world. They are common in the Antarctic Continent (南极大陆) ,New Zealand, Australia and South America. Many live near cold waters (水域). But some live near warm waters in Galapagos Islands. Penguins cannot fly, but they are fine swimmers. The shape of their body helps them to survive. Penguins eat fish and krill (磷虾). They have short wings that help them to dive up to 900 feet to catch larger fish. They can swim 10-15 kilometers an hour which lets them protect themselves. They also have lots of body oil that helps in keeping them dry in the water.
The warming of the earth is the reason for the decrease in the number of penguins. The hotter and hotter air has caused ocean waters to become warmer. Higher water temperature has decreased the fish and krill. Some years later these birds are completely unable to reproduce. And many adult penguins die of hunger.
Too much fishing, exploration for oil and oil leaks (泄漏) also make penguins be in danger. Poisonous things in ocean waters are another danger. Penguins also have their enemies, including sharks, seals and sea lions.Penguins can do the following except________.
| A．diving | B．flying | C．swimming | D．catching fish |
Which of the following is NOT the reason for the decrease in the number penguins?
| A．The warming of the earth. | B．Too much fishing. |
| C．Natural disasters. | D．Poisonous things in ocean waters. |
What does the underlined word "reproduce" mean?
| A．繁殖 | B．灭绝 | C．迁徙 | D．觅食 |
What’s the passage mainly about?
| A．Fish and krill have decreased. |
| B．Ocean waters are polluted. |
| C．Sharks and seals are the enemies of penguins. |
| D．The decrease in the number of penguins. |
阅读理解
(2013茂名)
The Chinese first made paper about 2，000 years ago．China still has pieces of paper which were made as long ago as that．But Chinese paper was not made from the wood of trees．It was made from the hairlike parts of certain plants．
Paper was not made in southern Europe until about the year 1100．Scandinavia(斯堪的纳维亚半岛)，which now makes a great deal of the world’s paper，did not begin to make it until l，500．It was a German named Schaeffer who found out that one could make the best paper from trees．After that，the forest countries of Sweden，Norway，Finland，and the United States became the largest paper producers．Today in Finland，which makes the best paper in the world，the paper industry is the biggest in the land．New paper－making machines are very big，and they make paper very fast．The biggest machines can make a piece of paper 300 meters long and 6 meters wide in one minute．
When we think of paper，we think of newspapers，books，letters，envelopes and writing paper．But there are many other uses．Only half of the paper that is made is used for books and newspapers，etc．Which of the following is the first to make paper？
| A．China． |
| B．Scandinavia． |
| C．Germany． |
| D．Finland． |
Schaeffer found out that________．
| A．the best paper was in the forest |
| B．a German made the best paper |
| C．wood could be made into the best paper |
| D．the oldest paper was made 1，500 years ago |
What does the underlined word“industry”mean in Chinese？
| A．国防 |
| B．教育 |
| C．农业 |
| D．工业 |
According to the passage，paper is not used for________．
| A．newspapers |
| B．envelops |
| C．writing paper |
| D．food and drinks |
The second paragraph mainly talks about paper making________．
| A．in the United States |
| B．in Scandinavia |
| C．in Europe |
| D．in all forest countries |
阅读理解
(2014泸州)
All living things on the earth need other living things to live．Nothing lives alone．Most animals must live in a group，and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind．Sometimes one living thing kills another，or one eats and the other is eaten．One kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live，and together they form a food chain(食物链)．All food chains begin with the sun，and all food chain become broken up if one of them disappears．
All life needs sunlight to live on．But only plants can use sunlight directly．Plants are“factories”．They make food from sunlight，water and things in the soil and air．
Plants feed all other living things．Animals can only use the sun’s energy(能量)after it has been changed into food by plants．Some animals feed directly on plants，and others eat smaller animals．Meat－eating animals are only eating plants indirectly．
What about human beings？We are members of any food chain．We eat rice，vegetables，fruits and so on．We also eat meat．But men often break up the food chain．They kill wild animals．They also make rivers，lakes and seas dirty．When these rivers，lakes and seas are polluted，the fish in them cannot be eaten．If men eat the fish，they will get strange diseases．
Each form of life is linked(联系)to all others．Breaking the links puts all life in danger．Food chains suggest that________．
| A．every life needs food |
| B．plants are very important |
| C．no living thing can live alone |
| D．1iving things need different food |
From the text we can learn that the sun________．
| A．forms a food chain |
| B．makes animals to grow fast |
| C．is the beginning of food chains |
| D．is directly giving us different food |
What do plants need to grow up？
| a．living things b．soil c．water d．sunlight e．things in the air |
A．a；b；c；d
B．b；c；d；e
C．a；b；d；e
D．a；c；d；eWhich can change the sun’s energy into food？
| A．Plants． |
| B．Humans． |
| C．Plant－eating animals． |
| D．Meat－eating animals． |
The writer is trying to tell us not to________．
| A．kill animals |
| B．break the links of life |
| C．worry about food chains |
| D．eat fish from polluted water |
阅读理解
(2013广东)
Wildwood School library guide
This will offer you some information about our school library．You can use this guide to help your kids use our library．
Service Hours：
3:00 p.m．—5:30 p.m．on school days；8:30a.m．—11:00 a.m．on weekends
On school days，your kids may borrow or return books during opening hours only when his classroom teacher allows him to．At the weekend，our library is open to both you and your kids．
Borrowing：
Each student can borrow one or two books at a time．More books can be borrowed only for class reading activities and school research．
Returning：
Books borrowed from the library can be kept for 15 school days．The books must be returned before the due(到期的)date or the kid can not borrow other books．
Damaged(受损的)or Lost Books：
When a book is returned in a damaged condition，the kid will have to pay three dollars for
the damage．Full price must be paid if a book is lost．We encourage students to carry their library
books in plastic bags to protect them from rainy weather．
Please call us at 3362－1323 for more information．Students can borrow more than two books at a time________．
| A．for reading exams |
| B．to do school research |
| C．for after－school activities |
| D．to read together with their parents |
________must be paid when a student loses the book he borrows．
| A．Three dollars |
| B．Half price of the book |
| C．Full price of the book |
| D．Twice the price of the book |
The students are advised to________to prevent rain．
| A．carry their library books in plastic bags |
| B．cover their library books with raincoats |
| C．put their library books into their pockets |
| D．keep their library books in their classrooms |
This library guide is for________．
| A．teachers from Wildwood School |
| B．workers in Wildwood School library |
| C．visitors to Wildwood School library |
| D．parents of the Wildwood School students |
Which of the following is NOT true？
| A．The library is open for two and a half hours every day． |
| B．Students’parents can go to the school library on weekends． |
| C．Students can go to the library during opening hours as they like． |
| D．Students can keep the books that they borrow for fifteen school days． |
阅读理解
(2013济南)
Camilla Chomp was a strange little girl．She liked to spend her time alone eating chocolate．Her parents were worried，so they took all the chocolate away．
Camilla left her house to look for some chocolate．She found a small house full of bottles．Among the bottles，a blue bottle caught Camilla’s eye．It was full of chocolate．In the bottle there was also a card with the words“Change tears(眼泪)into chocolate”．
Camilla was very excited．She ran out of the house with the bottle to look for someone crying．First，she met a little boy crying h ard and collected his tears．The tears were quickly changed into chocolate．While Camilla was collecting the tears，she comforted the boy．Finally，the boy stopped crying and they had a good time together．
Later，Camilla met a woman and an old man crying．The woman had broken some bowls．And the old man’s dog had just died．Camilla collected their tears and made them happy again．
Soon，Camilla knew that making people happy was much more important than finding chocolate．So she stopped collecting tears and began to help sad people．As a result，she had many friends and had a happy life．Camilla liked to________．
| A．eat chocolate | B．read books | C．collect coins | D．eat fruit |
Camilla’s parents took away all the chocolate because they were________．
| A．happy | B．angry | C．worried | D．hungry |
What caught Camilla’s eye？
| A．A nice card． | B．A black dog． | C．A red cup． | D．A blue bottle． |
The old man was crying because________．
| A．he had broken some bottles |
| B．he couldn’t find his way home |
| C．he couldn’t find his daughter |
| D．his dog had just died |
How many people did Camilla help before she stopped collecting tears？
| A．One． | B．Two． | C．Three． | D．Four． |
阅读理解
(2014杭州)
How quickly can you count from one to ten？Do you use ten different words to do it？Can you do it in English，or do you have to use your first？language？Do you count on your fingers？Many
people think that numbers and math are the same all over the world．But scientists have discovered that it is not true．
People in different parts of the world use different ways to count on their fingers．In the United States，people begin counting with their first finger，which they extend or stick out．They then extend the rest of their fingers and finally the thumb(拇指)to count to five．Then they repeat this with the other hand to get to ten．In China，people count by using different finger positions．In this way，a Chinese person can easily count to ten on only one hand．
Besides ways of finger counting，scientists have found that cultures and languages are also different when it comes to numbers．Some languages have only a few words for numbers，and others have no words for numbers．A group of scientists studied aboriginal(土著的)people in Australia．There people don’t have hand movements to stand for numbers．They don’t even have words for numbers．However，they are still able to understand different ideas about numbers．
In a similar study，researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered that people of the Piraha tribe(部落)in northwestern Brazil don’t have words for numbers such as“one”or“three”．They are not able to say“five trees”or“ten trees”but can say“some trees”．“more trees”．or“many trees”．Professor Edward Gibson said that most people believe that everyone knows how to count，“but here is a group that does not count．They could learn，but it’s not useful in their culture，so they’ve never picked it up．”
Although all humans are able to understand quantities(数量)，not all languages have numbers and not all people use counting．Number words in a certain language are a result of people needing numbers in their daily lives．Now we know that people have different ideas about numbers and math，too．The writer begins with the four questions in order to________．
| A．make a survey |
| B．interest readers |
| C．tell a story |
| D．solve math problems |
What do we learn from the difference in finger counting between the US and China？
| A．People from China count much faster than people from the US． |
| B．People from China need two hands to count from one to ten． |
| C．People of different cultures may use different ways of finger counting． |
| D．People of different cultures use the same way of finger counting． |
Which of the following is true about aboriginal Australians？
| A．They have only a few words for numbers． |
| B．They have hand movements to stand for numbers． |
| C．They can only count to five on their fingers． |
| D．They can understand different ideas about numbers． |
The study of the Piraha tribe shows that________．
| A．people all over the world know how to count |
| B．people of the tribe have words for numbers |
| C．some groups of people are not smart enough to count |
| D．counting is not useful in the culture of the tribe |
What is the main idea of the passage？
| A．People from different cultures have different ideas about numbers and math． |
| B．Chinese people can count more easily on their fingers than Americans． |
| C．In some aboriginal cultures，people don’t even know how to count． |
| D．Some languages don’t have number words because people don’t need numbers． |