According to body language expert Robert Phipps, the way people sleep at night actually determines a lot about the type of personality they have. Phipps has identified four sleeping positions that affect personality.
Phipps found that worriers, those who stress the most, tend to sleep in the fetal(胎儿的) position. He found that this is the most common bedtime position, with nearly 58 percent of people sleeping on their side with knees up and head down. The more we curl up(蜷曲), the more comfort we are seeking, according to Phipps.
The second most common position is the log. Sleeping with a straight body, with arms at each side, as if they are standing guard at Buckingham Palace, indicates stubbornness, and these people (the 28 percent who sleep this way) often wake up stiffer than when they went to sleep.
"The longer you sleep like this, the more rigid your thinking is and you can become inflexible, which means you make things harder for yourself," according to Phipps.
Yearner(向往型) sleepers are next on the list. About 25 percent of people sleep in this style — on their side with arms stretched out in front, looking as if they are either chasing a dream or perhaps being chased themselves. Yearners are typically their own worst critics, always expecting the best results, explained Phipps. These people often wake up refreshed and eager to face the challenges of the day ahead.
Perhaps the most peculiar(奇怪的) of sleep styles is the freefaller position. This sleep style makes up 17 percent of the population. They sleep face down with arms stretched out. These people, according to Phipps, feel like they have little control over their life. Not only is this the strangest of sleep styles, but also the least comfortable, and people may wake up feeling tired and have no energy.
In conclusion, Phipps has only one more thing to add: "A good night’s sleep sets you up for the following day and our sleeping positions can determine how we feel when we wake."Which of the following pictures is the fetal position?
The underlined word "rigid" is closest in meaning to " ".
| A．stubborn | B．flexible | C．comfortable | D．strange |
Which sleeping position indicates that the sleeper tends to seek perfection?
| A．The fetal position. | B．The log position. |
| C．The yearner position. | D．The freefaller position. |
Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point C: Conclusion
After years of observing human nature，I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance，curiosity and discontent．I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either．And I have never known an average man who had both．The two belong together．
Together，these deep human urges（驱策力）count for much more than ambition．Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground．Like Galileo，all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent，"Why？Why？Why？"
Fortunately，curiosity and discontent don't have to be learned．We are born with them and need only recapture them．
"The great man，" said Mencius（孟子），"is he who does not lose his child's heart．" Yet most of us do lose it．We stop asking questions．We stop challenging custom．We just follow the crowd．And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average．It encourages us to occupy our own little corner，to avoid foolish leaps into the dark，to be satisfied．
Most of us meet new people，and new ideas，with hesitation．But once having met and liked them，we think how terrible it would have been，had we missed the chance．We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake．
How should you start？Modestly，so as not to become discouraged．I think of one friend who couldn't arrange flowers to satisfy herself．She was curious about how the experts did it．How she is one of the experts，writing books on flower arrangement．
One way to begin is to answer your own excuses．You haven't any special ability？Most people don't；there are only a few geniuses．You haven't any time？That's good，because it's always the people with no time who get things done．Harriet Stowe，mother of six，wrote parts of Uncle Tom's Cabin while cooking．You're too old？Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel，and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78．
However you start，remember there is no better time to start than right now，for you'll never be more alive than you are at this moment．
（1）In writing Paragraph 1，the author aims to ．
A．propose a definition
B．make a comparison
C．reach a conclusion
D．present an argument
（2）What does the example of Galileo tell us？
A．Trial and error leads to the finding of truth．
B．Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious．
C．Creativity results from challenging authority．
D．Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore．
（3）What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent？
A．Observe the unknown around you．
B．Develop a questioning mind．
C．Lead a life of adventure．
D．Follow the fashion．
（4）What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7？
A．Gaining success helps you become an expert．
B．The genius tends to get things done creatively．
C．Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action．
D．You should remain modest when approaching perfection．
（5）What could be the best title for the passage？
A．Curious Minds Never Feel Contented
B．Reflections on Human Nature
C．The Keys to Achievement
D．Never Too Late to Learn
For people，who are interested in sound，the field of sound technology is definitely making noise．In the past，sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios，but many of today's sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound．
Sound can be used as a weapon．Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief．The thief tries to escape．And the officer can't let him get away．He pulls out a special device，points it at the suspect，and switches it on．The thief drops to the ground．This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device（LRAD，远程定向声波发射器）．It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person．The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person，but it is not deadly．
For those who hunger for some peace and quiet，sound can now create silence．Let's say you are at the airport，and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming（哼唱）a short commercial song．He hums it over and over again，and you are about to go crazy．Thanks to the Silence Machine，a British invention，you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents．One may wonder how the Silence Machine works．Well，it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves．The two sets of waves cancel each other out．Simply turn the machine on point it at the target，and your peace and quiet comes back．
Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights（聚光灯）are used in the theater．A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage；similarly，a "spotsound" creates a circle of sound in one targeted area．This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers．Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu，allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining．Directed sound is also beginning to appear in shopping centers and even at homes．
（1）What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD？
| A． |
It causes temporary hearing loss． |
| B． |
It slows down a running man． |
| C． |
It makes it easy to identify a suspect． |
| D． |
It keeps the suspect from hurting others． |
（2）The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to ．
| A． |
silence the people around you |
| B． |
remove the sound of commercials |
| C． |
block the incoming sound waves |
| D． |
stop unwanted sound from affecting you |
（3）What feature do spotsounds and spotlights share？
| A． |
They travel in circles． |
| B． |
They clear the atmosphere． |
| C． |
They can be transformed into energy． |
| D． |
They can be directed onto a specific area． |
（4）Directed sound can be used for ．
| A． |
creative designs of restaurant menus |
| B． |
ideal sound effects on the theater stage |
| C． |
different choices of music for businesses |
| D． |
strict control over any suspicious customer |
（5）What does the passage focus on？
| A． |
How professionals invented sound products． |
| B． |
Inventions in the field of sound technology． |
| C． |
The growing interest in the study of sound． |
| D． |
How sound engineers work in their studios． |
"They tell me that you'd like to make a statue（塑像）of me﹣is that correct，Miss Vinnie Ream？"
The deep，gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl．Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter，especially for a seventeen﹣year﹣old girl．
"Yes，sir，" she replied，her dark eyes meeting his．"I wouldn't have dared to ask you，but my teacher，Mr． Mills，says I am ready．I plan to make it in an admirable manner． "
President Lincoln smiled．"Painters，sculptors﹣they've all tried to make the best of this ordinary face，but I'm afraid there's not much hope．What did you have in mind，Miss Ream？A bust（半身像）？"
Before Vinnie could say yes，the President hurried on，a shade of apology in his voice．"Of course﹣I shouldn't have asked．A full﹣length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size． "
Vinnie's face turned red．She realized she looked like a child，with her tiny figure．"Small does not mean weak，sir，" she defended herself．"I was born in the country of Wisconsin．I've driven teams of horses and carried water．Making a full﹣length clay（粘土）figure would not exhaust my strength﹣and that is what I intend to do!"
The President's eyes，brightened at her show of spirit．"Sorry，madam，I have underestimated you as I didn't know your background．"
But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bony fingers，in thought．"Miss Ream，" he sighed，"I'd like to let you do it，but as you know，we are in the middle of a war．How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now？I hardly have a minute to myself．"
Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office．"I work quickly，" she said．Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows．"If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon，I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk．"
The President seemed to consider her idea seriously．He got up and shook Vinnie's hand warmly， "I've heard that you are a talented young woman，and I have found you charming and intelligent as well．I cannot make my decision immediately，but you will hear from me soon．"
The very next day，Vinnie received an invitation from the President．
（1）What gave Vinnie confidence to make her request of President Lincoln？
| A． |
Her aggressive personality． |
| B． |
Mr． Mills's encouraging remark． |
| C． |
President Lincoln's gentle voice． |
| D． |
Her interest in a challenging job． |
（2）How did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnie's request？
| A． |
Pleased． |
| B． |
Thrilled． |
| C． |
Regretful． |
| D． |
Doubtful． |
（3）Vinnie confirmed her ability to make a full﹣length statue by highlighting ．
| A． |
her experience from other projects |
| B． |
her innocent childhood in the country |
| C． |
the heavy labor she had done before |
| D． |
the skill she picked up in Wisconsin |
（4）Vinnie wanted to choose the corner near the windows to ．
| A． |
achieve effects of natural lighting |
| B． |
keep all her tools within easy reach |
| C． |
observe the President at a right angle |
| D． |
avoid disturbing the President's work |
（5）What message does the story convey？
| A． |
A strong﹣willed soul can reach his goal． |
| B． |
Experience helps to promote excellence． |
| C． |
Ups and downs make one strong． |
| D． |
Devotion requires enthusiasm． |
How to Use a Modern Public Library
Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library？If so， you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better．It's been years since they were dusty little rooms with books．They have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge，meet interesting people，or find out how to start a business．
Check out a book．While libraries still loan out（出借）books，you'll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you're looking for，thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries．Via such networks，libraries share their books with each other through the use of delivery vehicles．Once the book you've requested is delivered to the nearest branch，they will inform you by e﹣mail，so you can pick it up．
Check out other items．The library is now a multimedia zone，loaded with information in many formats（载体形式）．You can borrow movies on DVDs，music on CDs，and popular magazines．Some libraries even loan out toys and games．If a popular magazine you want isn't offered and the library keeps a list of such requests，they may bring it in when enough interest is shown．
Join targeted reading groups．Libraries will often hold reading﹣group sessions targeted to various age groups．Perhaps you'd like to learn a language or improve your English．The library may sponsor a language group you could join．If you have difficulties reading，ask about special reading opportunities．Your library might be able to accommodate you．And you might find it relaxing to bring your small kid to a half﹣hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book．
Start a business using the help of your local library．If you want to have a business of your own，your local library can become a launch space for it．In library books and computers，you can find information on starting a business．Many libraries will help you with locally supplied information about business management shared through chambers of commerce（商会）and government agencies，and they will offer printing，faxing and database services you need．
（1）Public libraries connected by a cooperative network benefit readers by ．
| A． |
sharing their books on the Internet |
| B． |
giving access to online reading at a library branch |
| C． |
sending a needed book to a library branch nearby |
| D． |
making the checkout procedures diverse |
（2）According to Paragraph 3，what items may be checked out from a public library？
| A． |
A magazine and an e﹣book． |
| B． |
A game and an oil painting． |
| C． |
A music CD and a kid's toy． |
| D． |
A DVD and a video player． |
（3）As is described in Paragraph 4，taking a small kid to a half﹣hour Story Time allows ．
| A． |
the kid to learn a new language |
| B． |
the parent to enjoy quiet reading |
| C． |
the kid to overcome reading difficulties |
| D． |
the parent to meet their program sponsor |
（4）Your local library can help you start a business by ．
| A． |
providing relevant information and supporting services |
| B． |
offering professional advice on business management |
| C． |
supplying useful information of your potential buyers |
| D． |
arranging meetings with government officials |
（5）What is the purpose of the passage？
| A． |
To point out the importance of public libraries． |
| B． |
To encourage people to work in public libraries． |
| C． |
To introduce the improved services of public libraries． |
| D． |
To call for the modernization of public library systems． |
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research，both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake．And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions （份），it's the beanpoleswith big appetites you really need to avoid．
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits，the researchers conducted two experiments．In the first，95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly （表面上）participate in a study about movie viewership．Before the film began，each woman was asked to help herself to a snack．An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first．In her natural state， the actor weighed 105 pounds． But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds．
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food．The participants followed suit，taking more food than they normally would have．However，they took significantly more when the actor was thin．
For the second test，in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls．In the other case，she took 30 pieces．The results were similar to the first test：the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces．
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions．If this fellow participant is going to eat more，so will I．Call it the "I'll have what she's having" effect．However，we'll adjust the influence．If an overweight person is having a large portion，I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits．But if a thin person eats a lot，I'll follow suit．If he can eat much and keep slim，why can't I？
（1）What is the recent study mainly about？
| A． |
Food safety． |
| B． |
Movie viewership． |
| C． |
Consumer demand． |
| D． |
Eating behavior． |
（2）What does the underlined word "beanpoles" in paragraph 1 refer to？
| A． |
Big eaters． |
| B． |
Overweight persons． |
| C． |
Picky eaters． |
| D． |
Tall thin persons． |
（3）Why did the researchers hire the actor？
| A． |
To see how she would affect the participants． |
| B． |
To test if the participants could recognize her． |
| C． |
To find out what she would do in the two tests． |
| D． |
To study why she could keep her weight down． |
（4）On what basis do we "adjust the influence" according to the last paragraph？
| A． |
How hungry we are． |
| B． |
How slim we want to be． |
| C． |
How we perceive others． |
| D． |
How we feel about the food． |