Doyoulikechocolate?Maybemostpe-优题课

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule，protecting them from the body-and the body from them－until they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger(引发)this release，including changing temperature，acidity，and so on. But triggers can come with their own risks－burns，for example. Now，researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date：shining near-infrared light(NIR，近红外线)on the drug in the capsule.
The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn't new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers(聚合物)and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet(UV，紫外线)or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light，which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin，where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues，so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds(化合物)absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.
That changed last year when Adah Almutairi，a chemist at the University of Califomia，San Diego，reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIRabsorbing group called onitrobenzyl(ONB)．When they catch the light，ONB groups fall off the polymer，leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber，and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.
So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that's even better. This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive(易反应的)components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form，a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols，they cap each reactive component with a light-absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light，the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown，potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. What's more，Almutairi says，Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.
According to the passage，which of the following could be the best trigger?

A．Temperature change.

B．NIR light.

C．Acidity change.

D．UV light.

Why is ONB unsatisfactory?

A．It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.

B．It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.

C．It has not come onto the market up till now.

D．It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.

Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?
⇨⇨⇨

A．protected

B．formed

C．exposed

D．combined

Parents are often amazed at how fast their child grows and develops. New research has determined that the ability to quantify may develop much sooner than most parents realize.
Kristy vanMarle, professor of the University of Missouri, has determined that contrary to what previous studies have shown, infants（婴儿）are able to quantify substances（物质）—like sand or water—as early as 10 months. As long as the difference between the two substances is large enough, infants will choose the larger amount, especially when it comes to food.
With the assistance of her team researchers, vanMarle tested the quantifying skills of babies by presenting them with two cups: one containing a small amount of food, and one containing a larger amount. Consistently, the babies chose the larger amount.
“Several studies throughout the last 15 years have shown that infants are very good at telling how many objects they see; however, infants don’t seem to count things like water or sand,” vanMarle said. “What we’re saying is that they can quantify substances; it’s just much harder. The infants can see how much food goes into each cup and compare that in their memories. They decide which amount is larger, and they almost always select the larger one.”
This information further refutes（驳斥）the long-held idea that babies “know nothing of the world,” vanMarle said.
“Since psychologists have begun studying infants with sensitive measures, we’ve discovered a lot of early abilities. I think for parents, it should be exciting to know that there’s somebody in there that has some fundamental and basic knowledge of the world, and that knowledge is guiding their development,” vanMarle said.
In the future, vanMarle says this kind of study could be linked to a child’s progress in math-related skills, although programs marketed to increase those abilities, such as “Baby Einstein,” still have mixed reviews when it comes to academic study.
The quantifying ability refers to the ability to ________.

A．choose between different substances

B．get much knowledge of the world

C．identify the quantity of something

D．obtain math-related skills

Babies choose the larger amount of food ________.

A．by saying numbers

B．with the help of parents

C．on personal preference

D．through their natural abilities

We can learn from the text that ________.

A．some parents don't care about their kids

B．people used to think the world is known to babies

C．little research has been done on infants

D．scholars have different opinions on baby-training programs

Forget counting sleep. Next time you are having trouble going to sleep，try putting on a jazz CD.
Researchers have shown just 45 minutes of relaxing music before bedtime can make for a restful night.
The Taiwanese researchers studied the sleeping patterns of 60 elderly people with sleep problems. They told the Journal of Advanced Nursing how the technique was easy to learn and lacked the side effects of other treatments. The study participants were either given a choice of music to listen to before going to sleep or nothing at all. The music group were able to choose from six tapes that featured soft, slow music—around 60-80 beats per minute—such as jazz, folk or orchestral pieces.
Listening to music caused physical changes that aided restful sleep, including a lower heart and respiratory(呼吸的) rate, the researchers found.
The people in the music group reported a 35% improvement in their sleep, including better and longer night-time sleep and less dysfunction(机能障碍) during the day.
Lead author Professor Hui-Ling Lai, of the Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital and the University of Taiwan, said, “The music group reported a 26% overall improvement in the first week and this figure continued to rise as they mastered the technique of relaxing into sedative(安神的) music.”
Professor Jim Horne, from the Sleep Research Centre at Loughborough University, said, “If anyone is a bit agitated before they go to bed, then anything that can help calm them down and relax is a good thing.”
“Some say making sure older people sleep less in the afternoon and get plenty of exposure to daylight can help them get a better night’s sleep.”
Listening to music before going to sleep ________.

A．is better than other treatments to help you sleep

B．can cure some diseases as well as sleeplessness

C．is a necessary step for the elder

D．can improve one's taste for music

Listening to music has some help on the elder EXCEPT ________.

A．sleep well

B．lower heart rate

C．increase blood cycle

D．lower breath rate

The underlined word “agitated” means “________”．

A．relaxed

B．disappointed

C．nervous

D．surprised

What's the best title for the passage?

A．People will benefit from music

B．The relation between sleeplessness and music

C．A research shocks the world

D．Listen to music to help you sleep

I have happy memories of trips to Europe, but my trip to Romania (罗马尼亚) was unique. When I was there as recalled, it was like being in a “James Bond” movie. My husband was born there, but his family sent him to study in Italy. Before he left, his mother told him, “As long as I write in pencil, don’t come back. When I write to you in pen, it’s safe to return.” But she never wrote in pen.
My husband lived a poor life in Italy. He applied to go to America, but there was a limit in number and he was rejected. He was accepted by Canada, though, and from Calgary he jumped onto a train to San Francisco. There he stayed —illegally. He became a US citizen when we got married. By then he was a charming European with a Romanian accent and the manners of a prince.
With seven years’ experience in America, a US passport, and two children later, he felt it was safe to visit Romania. He hadn’t seen his mother, two sisters, and two brothers since he was sixteen. We flew to Munich, Germany; picked up the German-made car we had purchased in the States; and drove to Romania via Austria and Hungary. When we reached Bucharest, the capital city of Romania, his family was waiting outside his sister’s house to greet us. After a long time of hugging, kissing, and crying, his family also hugged me, the American wife with two young children. They had great interest in me. Few Americans visited Romania at that time, and most Romanians had little chance to travel. I had brought an English-Romanian dictionary with me and managed to communicate, using only nouns, with no verbs. My Romanian improved, and the family’s stock of English words increased, but mostly I spoke in broken, New York-accented Romanian. The sisters loved their gifts of skirts and purses, the brothers loved the radios, and the children loved the candy. We made side trips to the Black Sea and enjoyed sightseeing in beautiful mountains. Dining at outdoor cafes to the music of violins was fantastic with fancy flavor, but nothing was as special as family dinners.
Romania didn’t have many dry cleaners. Most homes had old-fashioned washing machines but no dryers, and it was a hot summer. My husband’s relatives didn’t want to risk dirtying their clothes. Their solution was as simple as it was shocking: the women only wore their bras(胸罩) and slips (衬裙) at dinner table. The men were eating without shirts. They all had jobs, so time was precious. Having dinner without proper clothes was a small inconvenience compared with the effort of washing clothes —at least in my husband’s home, perhaps all across Romania. I, of course, having just met them, ate fully clothed. I washed my clothes by hand and hung them outdoors to dry.
On the last night of our three-week stay, we had a large family dinner. I was tired of washing my clothes. So I pulled my dress over my head and placed it on the chair behind me. All men and women applauded for my action. Even with my poor Romanian, I understood that they were saying, “She’s part of our family now.”
My children were 4 and 5 at the time, but they still have memories of that trip. They know how to say, “Good morning.” and “There are apricots (杏子) on the tree.” I can still say, “Do you speak Romanian?”and “I swim in the Black Sea.” But most of all, I remember sitting at a long dining-room table in my bra, enjoying meatballs with fresh garlic (大蒜).
From Para. 1, we learn that ________.

A．a trip to Europe would be dangerous

B．the mother didn’t want to see her son

C．Romania might be unsafe at that time

D．the mother didn’t like to write in pen

The writer’s husband became an American citizen through ________.

A．experiences	B．application
C．illegal stay	D．marriage

During the writer’s trip in Romania, she ________.

A．bought a new German-made car

B．had little interest in the relatives

C．used a new language with effort

D．enjoyed the mountain sights best

What made the writer feel special about the family dinner in Romania?

A．The way people dressed .

B．The way people spoke.

C．The fantastic violin music.

D．The fancy food flavor.

The writer was completely accepted by her husband’s family when ________.

A．she offered gifts to the whole family

B．she spoke her husband’s language

C．she washed all the clothes by hand

D．she had dinner in bra like other ladies

The writer shared her story to say ________.

A．“east and west, home is the best”

B．“when in Rome do as the Romans do”

C．“marry a dog and follow the dog forever”

D．“the course of true love never runs smooth”

The term “Industry 4.0” refers to the fourth industrial revolution. The first industrial revolution was the production of goods with machines like steam engines, which was followed by the second industrial revolution that introduced mass production with the help of electric power, followed by the digital revolution —the use of electronics and IT in production.
Industry 4.0 is a high-tech project, which promotes the computerization of manufacturing (制造业). The basic principle of Industry 4.0 is that by connecting machines, work pieces and systems, we are creating intelligent networks along the entire value chain that can control each other automatically. The goal is the Smart Factory, which adapts well and uses resources efficiently as well as linking customers and business partners with great intelligence. Technological basis are the Internet systems and advanced factories. Experts believe that Industry 4.0 could be a reality in about 10 to 20 years.
So, what effects does this change have on the classic manufacturing? According to an expert, “it is highly likely that the world of production will become more and more networked until everything is connected with everything else.” Networks and processes have so far been limited to one factory. But in the time of Industry 4.0, the boundaries (界限) of individual factories will most likely no longer exist. Instead, they will be lifted in order to inter-connect multiple factories or even geographical regions.
How is an Industry 4.0 factory different from a today’s factory? In current industry environment, providing high-end quality service or product with the least cost is the key to success. Factories are trying to increase their profit as much as possible. In the time of Industry 4.0, various data sources are available to provide worthwhile information about different aspects of the factory. Using data for understanding the current condition and checking faults and failures is a natural thing. The sharing of information around the clock and around the globe will enable these connected systems to manage themselves independently, work more efficiently and identify any errors quickly.
The good news is that Europe is much better prepared for the Industry 4.0 revolution than one might think. Europe will position itself as a pioneer in the fourth revolution. Industry 4.0 is a project in the high-tech strategy of the German government. Meanwhile, in the U.S., some companies are also working hard on it. But the success of industry depends on whether business and politics can work together. It’s not only politics that needs to help open the door for Industry 4.0. Every company is advised to seize the new digital opportunities.
What marks the coming of Industry 4.0?

A．Steam engines.	B．Mass production.
C．Use of electronics.	D．Intelligent networks.

Industry 4.0 will probably result in ________ in the world of manufacturing.

A．production limited to an individual factory

B．everything connected with everything else

C．networks and processes no longer existing

D．classic factories stopping their competition

What’s the meaning of the underlined part in Para. 4?

A．Sharing information of the world time.

B．Global news broadcast at any time.

C．Instant worldwide information exchange.

D．Spreading news widely on the hour.

According to the last paragraph, who is the most active in pushing Industry 4.0?

A．The European companies.	B．The American government.
C．The American companies.	D．The German government.

The writer’s attitude toward Industry 4.0 can best be described as ________.

A．supportive	B．negative
C．doubtful	D．cautious

A．in oval shape	B．in square shape
C．with nuts	D．with coffee