In 1693 the philosopher John Locke warned that children should not be given too much “unhealthy fruit” to eat．Three centuries later, misguided ideas about child-raising are still popular．Many parents fear that their children will die unless ceaselessly watched．In America the law can be equally paranoid (偏执的)．In South Carolina this month Debra Harrell was jailed for letting her 9-year-old daughter play in a park unsupervised (无人监督的)．
Her severe punishment reflects the rich world’s worry about parenting．By most objective measures, modern parents are far more conscientious (认真的) than previous generations．Dads are more hands-on than their fathers were, and working mothers spend more time nurturing their children than the housewives of the 1960s did．However, there are two problems in this picture, connected to class．One is at the lower end．Even if poor parents spend more time with their children than they once did, they spend less than rich parents do．America is a laggard here: its government spends abundantly on school-age kids but much less than other rich countries on the first two or three years of life．If America did more to help poor parents with young children, it would have huge returns．
The second one, occurs at the other end of the income scale, and may even apply to otherwise rational (理性的) Economist readers: well-educated, rich parents try to do too much．Safety is part of it—they fear that if they are not constantly watching their children may break their necks, which is the least rational．Despite the impression you get from watching crime dramas, children in rich countries are safe, so long as they look both ways before crossing the road．The other popular parental fear—that your children might not get into an Ivy League college—is more rational．Academic success matters more than ever before．But beyond a certain point, parenting makes less difference than many parents imagine．Studies in Minnesota and Sweden, for example, found that identical twins grew up equally intelligent whether they were raised together or apart．A study in Colorado found that children that adopted and raised by brainy parents ended up no brainier than those adopted by average parents．
This doesn’t mean that parenting is irrelevant．The families who adopt children are carefully screened, so they tend to be warm, capable and middle-class．But the twin and adoption studies indicate that any child given a loving home and adequate stimulation is likely to fulfill her potential．Put another way, better-off parents can afford to relax a bit．And if you are less stressed, your children will appreciate it, even if you still make them eat their fruit and vegetables．Which of the following statements is NOT a misguided idea of parenting mentioned in the passage?
| A．Children should be protected from any dangers by their parents |
| B．The more conscientious parents are, the more children will surely benefit from parenting |
| C．Children will die unless ceaselessly watched |
| D．Children are likely to fulfill their potential with a loving home and adequate stimulation |
The underlined word “laggard” in Paragraph 2 probably means a country that __________．
| A．is ahead in development |
| B．falls slow behind others |
| C．is free from physical or mental disorder |
| D．moves to a higher position |
Which of the following can we learn from the passage?
| A．Only warm, capable and middle-class people can adopt a child． |
| B．When it comes to child-raising, Economist readers will become more rational． |
| C．Children in rich countries are in greater danger due to the bad influence of crime dramas． |
| D．Although poor parents spend more time with their kids than they once did, they spend less than rich parents do． |
This passage is mainly written to __________．
| A．urge American laws concerning parenting to be changed |
| B．advise modern parents to learn from their previous generations |
| C．persuade stressed parents to learn to relax and give more freedom to their children |
| D．call on the government to do more to help poor parents with school-age children |
Across the United States, there are several places where two independent towns grew together to become one city — but kept both their names. 
WinstonSalem is one of them. It’s a midsized city in what’s called the plateau（high land）, between the Atlantic Coast and the inland mountains in the state of North Carolina. The Winston part is a relatively new place, founded early this century. It’s home to the nation’s biggest openair tobacco market.
The giant R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company’s headquarters is in WinstonSalem, and Winston is the name of one of Reynolds’bestknown cigarette brands. Fastgrowing Winston soon surrounded the much older town of Salem, so in 1913, people in the area voted to combine them into a single place.
From a historical and tourist point of view, Salem, or Old Salem, as it’s called today, is the interesting and unusual part of town.
Salem was founded in the 1700s by the Moravians. They spoke German, and their community was religiously based, with single men and single women living apart in separate dormitories. The Moravians greatly valued women’s work and brainpower. In fact, one of the nation’s oldest boarding schools for young women— the Moravians’Salem Academy founded in 1772 — is still in operation.
Over the years, Salem lost its Moravian character. That all changed, though, when a nonprofit group began to rehabilitate the historic area. These days Old Salem is what’s called a living history museum, with exhibits, music, and tours of 18th-century houses, taverns and Moravian dormitory buildings just seven blocks from the tallest skyscraper in Winston-Salem.
The historic community is booming again. Just as R. J. Reynolds is taking in millions of dollars making cigarettes across town, Old Salem is generating about S| 15 million a year in tourism revenue and donations.
61. From the passage we can know that____________.
A. Winston-Salem is the name of a city
B. Salem is home to the tobacco market
C. the city Winston-alem has two names
D. Old Salem is the name of a tobacco brand
62. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________.
A. the two cities benefited each other
B. Salem developed faster than Winston
C. R.J. Reynolds Company has moved into Salem
D. the combination meets the wishes of the people
63. The city Salem is special for its__________.
A. boarding school B. lifestyle and tradition
C. respect for brainpower D. religious belief
64. The underlined word “rehabilitate” in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to “_________”.A. reconstruct B. evaluate C. enlarge D. decorate
65. What will probably be talked about in the following part?
A. Some other attractions in Winston-Salem.
B. How Winston makes profits from tourism.
C. Other examples of cities combined by two parts.
D. Something about the boarding school for women.
In their book Time to Eat the Dog: The Real Guide to Sustainable Living, Robert and Brenda Vale say keeping a mediumsized dog has the same ecological impact as driving 10,000 km a year in a 4.6 liter Land Cruiser.
“We’re not actually saying it is time to eat the dog. We’ re just saying that we need to think about and know the ecological impact of some of the things we do and that we take for granted.”
Constructing and driving the jeep for a year requires 0.41 hectares of land, while growing and manufacturing a dog’s food takes about 0.84 hectares — or 1.1 hectares in the case of a large dog such as a German shepherd.
Convincing flesheating cats and dogs to go vegetarian for the sake of the planet is a nonstarter, the Vales say. Instead they recommend keeping “greener”, smaller, and more sustainable pets, such as goldfish, chickens or rabbits.
The book’s playful title, and serious suggestion that pet animals may be usefully “recycled”, by being eaten by their owners or turned into pet food when they die, may not appeal to animal fans.
Annoying as the idea may be, the question is valid given the planet’s growing population and limited resources, Robert Vale said.
“Issues about sustainability are increasingly becoming things that are going to require us to make choices which are as difficult as eating your dog. It’s not just about changing your light bulbs or taking a cloth bag to the supermarket,” he said.
“It’s about much more challenging and difficult issues,” he added. “Once you see where cats and dogs fit in your overall balance of things, you might decide to have the cat but not also to have the two cars and the three bathrooms and be a meat eater yourself.”
56. The authors gave their book the playful title to________.
A. make it amusing B. create a vivid image
C. show writing skills D. arouse people’ s concern
57. In Paragraph 3 the writer mainly wants to tell us________.
A. the amount of consumed land
B. the neglected ecological impact
C. some familiar examples
D. some actual figures
58. What does “sustainability” mean according to the passage?
A. Going vegetarian.
B. Raising cats and dogs.
C. Using a cloth bag.
D. Keeping a greener life.
59. Who may not like the idea of “recycling” pet animals?
A. Manufacturers.B. Drivers.
C. Animal fans. D. The authorities.
60. What do the authors think of living a sustainable life?
A. Challenging. B. Inspiring. C. Inviting. D. Touching.
When you are little, it’s not hard to believe you can changed the world. I remember my enthusiasm when, at the age of 12, I addressed the people at the Rio Earth Summit. “I am only a child,” I told them. "Yet I know that if all the money spent on war was spent on ending poverty and finding environmental answers, what a wonderful place this would be. In school you teach us not to fight with others, to work things out, to respect others, to clean up our mess, not to hurt other creatures, to share, not be greedy. Then why do you go out and do the things you tell us not to do? You grownups say you love us, but I challenge you, please, to make your actions reflect your words."
I spoke for six minutes and received a standing ovation. Some of the delegates even cried. I thought that maybe I had reached some of them, that my speech might actually spur（刺激） action. Now, a decade from Rio, after I've sat through many more conferences, I'm not sure what has been accomplished. My confidence in the people in power and in the power of an individual's voice to reach them has been deeply shaken.
When I was little, the world was simple. But as a young adult, I'm learning that as we have to make choices--education, career, lifestyle--life gets more and more complicated. We are beginning to feel pressure to produce and be successful. We are learning a shortsighted way of looking at the future, focusing on four-year government terms and quarterly business reports. We are taught that economic growth is progress, but we aren't taught how to pursue a happy, healthy or sustainable way of living. And we are learning that what we wanted for our future when we were 12 was idealistic and naïve（天真）.
Today I'm no longer a child, but I'm worried about what kind of environment my children will grow up in. I know change is possible, because I am changing, still figuring out what I think. I am still deciding how to live my life. The challenges are great, but if we accept individual responsibility and make choices, we will rise to the challenges, and we will become part of the positive tide of the change. I hope this goal will be met through our common efforts. Thank you all.
57．The purpose of what the speaker said at the age of 12 was to .
A．end poverty and make school beautiful
B．find environmental answers and show off
C．focus people’s attention on some social problems
D．find a wonderful place and clean it up
58．What does the underlined word “ovation” in the second paragraph refer to?
A．A long period of laughing.
B．A cold and unfriendly welcome.
C．An expression used for greeting.
D．Great applause or cheering.
59．The information in the text is presented mainly through .
A．question and answer B．a personal lecture[来
C．cause and effect D．listing steps in a process
60．Which of the following best describes the speaker?
A．He is an experienced educator. B．He is an impolite man.
C．He is a man of great worries. D．He is a man of social responsibility.
Frederick Law Olmsted （1822 - 1903）, a Connecticut farm boy, saw his first public park in Liverpool, England, as he accompanied his brother on a walking tour. He was impressed by the park’s winding paths, open fields, lakes and bridges. Perhaps the most wonderful things of all was that the park was open to everyone.
A moment beginning in 1840 to set aside park land on New York City’s Manhattan Island has successful result in 1856 with the purchase of 840 acres of rocky and swampy （沼泽） land, bought with about $ 5 million in state funds. Olmsted’s chance meeting with a project organizer led to his applying for the job of park manager. In 1857 Olmsted was appointed manager of the proposed park, and the clearing of the site began.
Calvert Vaux, a British architect, asked Olmsted to collaborate with him on a park design, and Olmsted agreed. Vaux saw the park as a work of art, while Olmsted saw the park as a place for people to escape the noise of the city. Together they invented a plan that would give the persons and animals living in the city a quiet, green park and would also preserve and increase the good qualities of the natural features of the land. The commissioners voted in favor of Vaux and Olmsted’s plan, and in 1858, the two became the official designers of New York City’s Central Park.
It took millions of cartloads of topsoil to build Central park’s gentle slopes, shady glens, and steep, rocky ravines. Five million trees were planted, a water – supply system was laid, and bridges, arches, roads and paths were constructed. The park officially opened in 1876, and today, well over a century later, people still escape the noise of the city in Olmsted and Vaux’s great work of art.
53．What is the text mainly about?
A．A history of the planning of Central park.
B．An engineering plan for Central Park.
C．A biography of Frederick Law Olmsted.
D．A guided walking tour of Central park.
54．Olmsted became manager of Central Park because of .
A．his friendship with Calvert Vaux
B．his hard work in clearing the land
C．his winning a design competition
D．a chance meeting with one of the park’s organizers
55．The underlined word “collaborate” in the third paragraph means .
A．disagree B．comment C．vote D．work together
56．Which of the following is true about Central Park?
A．It is out of date nowadays.
B．The designers came from the same country.
C．It is an old park in America.
D．It is only for people who can well afford it.
Games originally are entertainment. Contemporary games are very realistic and for this reason they are a source of great experience for the player and develop the imagination. Games are entertainment and even more than that. The statistics （统计） of the New York University led by Green claim that the player preferring active games get improvement of some types of brain activity. In particular, game players deal with problems of simultaneously （同时地） tracking several moving objects at the average level of 30% better than people who do not play active computer video games. The “gaming” violent experience may not be the cause of violent behavior in reality. None of the playing experience will become the priority in making important decisions concerning problems in real life. A game is an abstraction （虚拟物）. A player gets abstract tasks and acts according to abstract rules.
Games are also the possibility to be however a person wants to he and to rest from the outside world for some time. But what if a person gets so much excited with the game scenes that he becomes violent in reality? Then, it proves that the games cause people to become violent in reality. But a psychologically healthy person will never confuse these two different worlds. A game is virtual world with visual images very similar to human. These images represent by themselves nothing but playing obstacles （障碍）. A game may potentially give the opportunity to “destroy the obstacles” that may not be destroyed according to the rules but it is more about personal choice whether to do it or not. This leads us to the conclusion that violence is not a consequence but the cause. People who are originally trended to violence may get into a temper by games and perform violence in the “real world”. But in this case violence in games is a simple justification （理由） of the violent nature of the player.
49．The passage is .
A．a story B．a descriptive writing
C．an argumentative writing D．a scientific essay
50．In the first paragraph the author used the statistics to prove that .
A．games can provide experience for the players
B．games can help develop player’s imagination
C．games can cause violent behavior
D．game are more than entertainment
51．What is the author’s attitude towards the “computer games”?[
A．“Violent games” can lead to the performance of violence in the real world.
B．Violence is not a consequence of the “computer games” but the cause.
C．Games are just entertainment and nothing more.
D．The virtual world and the real world are just the same.
52．The best title for this passage is .
A．Violent games cause violence B．Games: good or bad?
C．The cause of violence D．The consequence of games