Perhapseveryoldergenerationsin-优题课

What do consumers really want? That’s a question market researchers would love to answer. But since people don’t always say what they think, marketers would need direct access to consumers’ thoughts to get the truth.
Now, in a way, that is possible. At the “Mind of the Market” laboratory at Harvard Business School, researchers are looking inside shoppers’ skulls to develop more effective advertisements and marketing styles. Using imaging techniques that measure blood flow to various parts of the brain, the Harvard team hopes to predict how consumers will react to particular products and to discover the most effective ways to present information. Stephen Kosslyn, a professor of psychology at Harvard, and business school professor Gerald Zaltman, oversee the lab. “The goal is not to influence people’s preferences,” says Kosslyn, “just to speak to their actual desires."
The group’s findings, though still preliminary (初步的), could change how firms develop and market new products. The Harvard group use position emission tomography (PET) scans to monitor the brain activity. These PET scans, along with other imaging techniques, enable researchers to see which parts of the brain are active during specific tasks(such as remembering a word).Correlations (相互关系) have been found between blood flow to specific areas and future behavior. Because of this, Harvard researchers believe the scans can also predict future purchasing patterns. According to an unpublished paper the group produced, “It is possible to use these techniques to predict not only whether people will remember and have specific emotional reactions to certain materials, but also whether they tend to want those materials months later.”
The Harvard group is now moving into the next stage of experiments. They will explore how people remember advertisements as part of an effort to predict how they will react to a product after having seen an ad. The researchers believe that once key areas of the brain are identified, scans on about two dozen volunteers will be enough to draw conclusions about the reactions of specific sections of the population. Large corporations-including Coca Cola, Eastman Kodak, General Motors, and Hallmark-have already signed up to fund further investigations.
For their financial support, these firms gain access to the experiments but cannot control them. If Kosslyn and Zahman and their team really can read the mind of the market, then consumers may find it even harder to get those advertising jingles-out of their heads when buying things.
1. Which of the following statements can be the best title for this passage?
A. Reading the Mind of the Market.
B. Influencing the Customers’ Choice.
C. Influencing the Style of Advertising.
D. Experimenting with the Way to Foretell
2. Why do the Harvard researchers use scientific technology in the experiments?
A. Because they want to find a better way to persuade people into purchasing patterns in the future.
B. Because they don’t trust the findings already done by other researchers.
C. Because they want to see how particular products can influence consumers and find out the most effective ways to advertise.
D. Because they think the marketing strategies can actually be changed after the experiments.
3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. People sometimes hide their true feelings when questioned by the marketing surveyors.
B. Stephen Kosslyn and Gerald Zaltman are in charge of the experiment and think ill of the study.
C. Harvard researchers have found some relation between people’s brain and future behavior.
D. Many large companies finance the Harvard group’s further investigations.
4. What does “to speak to” in the 2nd paragraph mean?
A. To communicate with. B. To say to.
C. To talk to. D. To respond to.
5. The last sentence of the passage implies that ___________.
A. it is very likely that customers will buy unnecessary things just depending on the ads in the future.
B. in fact, the real purpose of Harvard group’s research is to attract more consumers into the market.
C. Coca Cola or the General Motors can exploit the findings of the experiments in their own marketing.
D. Consumers may find it more difficult to get out of the advertising jungle and it may cause them headaches.

Nine-year-old Barack Obama was looking through a magazine and he was shocked by a series of photos. The pictures were of a black man who destroyed his skin with chemicals that promised to make him white.
For the first time, the African-American boy began to doubt who he was.
However, now the boy who used to struggle with his identity doesn’t see it as a problem any more, but an advantage for his successful career. Last year Obama made history by being elected as the first black president of the United States. He defeated John McCain in a landslide victory.
Obama’s story starts in opposite corners of the world. His white mother was born in the heartland of the US. His black father grew up in a tiny village in Kenya. They met during college in Hawaii, but his father left the family when Obama was just two years old and his mother moved to Indonesia.
At 10, Obama moved back to live with his white grandparents in Hawaii. At his class, a white boy asked Obama if his father ate people. Out of embarrassment, Obama lied to his classmates that his father was a prince. “I kept asking who am I and I ended up trying drugs and drinking,” Obama recalled.
Things came to change after the young men made friends with those with a similar background at college. Their experiences back in Africa helped Obama to finally face up to his African origin. He worked hard to become a star at Harvard Law School and the third black senator(参议员) in US history.
At the beginning of his campaign for the White House, few people viewed Obama favorably. Many doubted his unusual background, which left him neither “black” enough nor “white” enough. But Obama turned his pain of growing up into a tool to make Americans believe: “There’s not a black America and a white America, a Latino American, an Asian America. There’s the United States of America.”
Barack Obama’s victory is “a historic victory that promised change and overcame centuries prejudice. His success accomplished Martin Luther King’s dream that a man be judged not by the color of his skin, but by the content of his character”, wrote ABC news.
1. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refers to _______.
A. who he was B. Obama’s successful career
C. making him white D. defeating John McCain
2.According to the last paragraph of the passage, which of the following statements is false?
A. There has been prejudice in United States of America for centuries.
B. Martin Luther King’s dream has already been realized.
C. All men are created equal, no matter he is white or he is black.
D. A man should be judged by the content of his character, not by the color of his skin.
3. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. Obama’s parents come from the same country
B. the black man who destroyed his skin was Obama himself
C. Obama was once troubled by his identity
D. Africa is where Obama was born
4. Which of the following is the correct order?
a. being elected the first black president of the US
b. returning to live with his grandparents
c. becoming the third black senator in US history
d. going to college
e. joining in the campaign for the White House
A. b--d-c-e-a B. e-a-b--d-c C. a-b--e-c-d D. c-e-d-b--a
5. The best title of the passage would be _____.
A. The first president of the US B. Martin Luther King’s dream
C. A historic victory D. The history of African Americans

三、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答案写在答题卡上。
SIXTEEN years ago a boy gave me a nice gift which was a smile.
It was the early autumn of my first year at a middle school, and my old school was far away. As a result, no one knew who I was. I was very lonely, and afraid to make friends with anyone.
Every time I heard the other students talking and laughing, I felt my heart broken. I couldn’t talk with anyone about my problems.
Then one day, my classmates talked happily with their friends, but I sat at my desk unhappily as usual. At that moment, a boy entered the classroom. I didn’t know who he was. He passed me and then turned back. He looked at me, with a smile.
Suddenly, I felt the touch of something bright and friendly. It made me feel happy, lively and warm. That smile changed my life. I started to talk with other students and made friends. Day by day, I became closer to everyone in my class. The boy with the lucky smile has become my best friend now.
One day I asked him why he smiled, but he couldn’t remember smiling at me!
It doesn’t matter because all the dark days have gone. I believe that the world is what you think it is. If you think it lonely, you might always be alone. So, smile at world and it will smile back.
1. When did the writer get the gift?
A. When she was 16 years old.
B. After she made friends with the boy.
C. In her first year at a middle school
D. After she became closer to everyone in her class
2. Why was the smile an important gift?
A. Because the writer’s old school was far away.
B. Because the writer didn’t know who the boy was.
C. Because the smile didn’t mean anything to the boy.
D. Because it helped the writer to make new friends.
3. Where does the writer now think her feeling of unhappiness came from?
A. From her old school. B. From her parents.
C. From herself. D. From her classmate at the new school.
4. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
An Unforgettable Experience B. My Middle School Days
C. The Power of Smile D. My Best Friend
5. We can infer from the passage that the author used to be a (an)_______ person.
A. outgoing B. friendly C. quiet D. shy

The influence of America is increasing in my country. Spanish people drink Coca Cola, wear blue jeans, watch Hollywood movies, listen to American music, and eat fast food, and they do these things every day.
I think that American movies are a good way to spread American culture because people are often influenced by what they see in the movies. Most of the programs and documentaries (纪录片) we watch on TV are from America, and most of the movies we go to see are made in Hollywood.
In the last few years, the government has tried to protect the Spanish movies. Now, in our cinemas, at least twenty percent of the movies which are shown must be from Spain or from other countries in Europe.
American culture is a part of Spanish life now. It’s certain that many things from America are as much a part of people’s lives as Spanish things. For example, Coca Cola is as familiar to everybody as any typical Spanish product. I’ve known about Coca Cola for my whole life.
However, it’s different with Western fast food. For example, I don’t think McDonald’s is as successful in Spain as it is in other countries. In my opinion, one of the reasons may be the lifestyle of the Spanish people. The Spanish people normally eat at home.
On the other hand, maybe McDonald’s hamburgers will eventually replace the famous Spanish tapas. It’s true that in every city in Spain you can find a McDonald’s, and it is more popular among the Spanish children than among the adults. In any case, it’s obvious that American culture is becoming more and more a part of our lives every day.
1. From the first paragraph we can know that ____.
A. the influence of America on Spain can be found everywhere
B. most Spanish people don’t like to listen to their own music
C. fast food spreads from Spain to the United States
D. some Spanish actors go to America to improve their acting skills
2. What plays an important part in the spreading of American culture in Spain?
A. American novels. B. Hollywood movies.
C. McDonald’s. D. American music.
3. Why does the author think that McDonald’s is not as successful as it is in other countries?
A. Its fast food contains too much fat.
B. He thinks it is unhealthy.
C. Spanish people seldom eat out.
D. Spanish adults don’t like its fast food.
4. What do you think Spanish tapas might be?
A. The name of a drink. B. The name of a restaurant.
C. A clothing brand. D. A certain kind of food.

Do you feel so nervous in exams that you have trouble writing answers to questions that you knew just the night before?
If so, you likely have a case of test anxiety.
But don't fear. By recognizing the problem, you are taking the first step towards overcoming it.
Believe it or not, a touch of nervousness can sharpen your mind, allowing you to perform more quickly. This is because under stress, the body gives out the hormone adrenaline (肾上腺素) which prepares it for something important that will happen. However, too much anxiety can result in sleeplessness, loss of appetite before tests, and poor performance. Some people might feel hot or even sick.
If you worry a lot or are a perfectionist, you are more likely to have trouble with test anxiety. Those who have prepared poorly for a test or have had negative experiences taking tests may also experience test anxiety.
When you feel a storm of anxiety coming on, stop what you're doing and make your mind a blank. If possible, actually tell yourself to "STOP!" This will get your mind off the stress.
Then think of being at a place of comfort and let your body relax. As you continue the test, find questions you know the answers to and answer them first. This will help gain your confidence.
Talk to yourself using positive language. Make it a habit to replace each negative thought with a logical reason. For example, "I've studied hard and I know the material, so I'm ready to do the best I can." Another thing you can do is to learn to accept mistakes. In fact, they can be valuable learning opportunities.
Last but not least, start test preparation early — three to five days ahead of the quiz or test. After all, good study habits and skills — for example, time management and note-taking — will give you the feeling that you are in control.
1. According to the text, people who ______ are more likely to have trouble with test anxiety.
A. worry a lot or are perfectionists B. prepare poorly for a test
C. have failed in tests before D. all of above
2. Which of the following is NOT the way to beat nerves according to the author?
A. Stop what you are doing and try to relax. B. Talk to your teacher or friends.
C. Make a full test preparation early. D. Learn to accept mistakes.
3. The underlined word “it” refers to ______.
A. the stress B. the body
C. the mind D. the hormone adrenaline
4. What would be the best title for the text?
A. What is test anxiety B. Why we have test anxiety
C. How to deal with test anxiety D. Develop a positive attitude

A．She died at the age of 8.	B．She was a cancer patient.
C．She was a warm-hearted girl.	D．She founded Locks of Love.