In western countries, especially in America, some social customs have lasted still today. For example, ladies first, that is to say, women in those countries are respected(尊重) in many ways.
In the U.S. and Europe, you will see men usually open doors for women and women generally walk ahead of men into a room or a restaurant unless the man have to be ahead of the ladies to choose the table, to open the door of a car or to give other services. On the street, men almost walk or across the street on the side of the ladies which is closer to traffic, but if a man walks with two ladies, he should walk between them.In this passage， “customs” especially refers to _______.
| A．what a group of people usually do |
| B．what people in western countries do |
| C．what people in eastern countries do |
| D．what people in united states do |
When you introduce a group of people in English, you will probably begin with _____.
| A．Men and women | B．Women and men |
| C．Gentlemen and ladies | D．Ladies and gentlemen |
In which country people may think it strange that men should open doors for women?
| A．England | B．Italy | C．Japan | D．Germany |
Which of the following statements is not true?
| A．In Europe, a man generally follows a woman when they enter a restaurant together. |
| B．In America a man who walks ahead of a women always gives services. |
| C．In the U.S, women almost always walk closer to the running cars. |
| D．In the U.S, men should always walk by the side of the ladies. |
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of this passage?
| A．In western countries, some social customs have lasted till today. |
| B．Women in western countries are respected in many ways. |
| C．Men usually open doors for women in the U.S. as well as in Europe. |
| D．Men show respect for women by giving them good services. |
As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex.
Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is responsible for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department(人事部) is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.
If a firm wants to adopt a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a method of job evaluation(估价) and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be successful, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers.
In job evaluation, all the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of those requirements is given a value, usually in “points”, which are added together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their ability to solve problems.
Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without reference to an evaluation system based on points.
In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should compare the value of each job with those in the job market. It should also consider economic factors such as the cost of living and the labor supply.
It is necessary that payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simply to measure the work done, as in the work done with the hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen; for indirect workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed. If a firm wants to establish a new pay structure, it is necessary to get the agreement between________.
| A．the Trade Unions and the Personnel Department |
| B．the Personnel Department and the Accounts Department |
| C．the employees and the Trade Unions. |
| D．the employers and the Trade Unions |
What does the words “monetary encouragement schemes” in the last paragraph imply?
| A．They are plans in which much payment is encouraged. |
| B．They are encouraging money schedules |
| C．They are pay systems |
| D．They are pay systems to encourage workers in that the more work is done, the more money will be paid. |
Methods of additional payments are adopted for indirect workers because________.
| A．their work is not important | B．they have low wages |
| C．the measurement of their work is difficult | D．the company does not have enough money |
Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?
| A．In every company only the Accounts Department takes charge of the management of wages and salaries. |
| B．Management work and the job done by workers can use the same evaluation system. |
| C．If a job is done differently, the payment for the job should be different too. |
| D．An evaluation system based on points is usually used to evaluate management work. |
The main purpose of the passage is to________.
| A．explain the responsibilities of both the Accounts Department and the Personnel Department. |
| B．explain not to evaluate the performance of a job by points |
| C．tell readers how a company should adopt a new payment system |
| D．convince(使确信) readers that management work is more difficult to evaluate than the work done by workers |
The following form shows the result of a survey (调查) of parents from five countries, who were asked why children are important to them. They were required to choose three main reasons from seven dealing with personal interests, family relations and social responsibility(责任). Each number in the form is the percentage (%) of parents who chose that particular item(项) as one of their three reasons. Therefore, the most common for Japanese parents are strengthening family ties (Item D, 51%), learning from the experience (Item E, 60%), and raising responsible citizens (Item, G 45%).
| Items |
Japan |
Korea |
U.S.A |
Britain |
France |
| A.To see oneself continuing in future |
35 |
32 |
31 |
17 |
59 |
| B. To keep the family line |
24 |
68 |
28 |
17 |
26 |
| C. To receive care in old age |
10 |
38 |
8 |
7 |
8 |
| D. To strengthen family ties |
51 |
25 |
50 |
55 |
66 |
| E.To develop oneself through raising one’s children |
60 |
19 |
54 |
69 |
35 |
| F. To enjoy raising one’s children |
20 |
19 |
50 |
71 |
39 |
| G. To raise responsible citizens |
45 |
40 |
46 |
28 |
15 |
According to this survey, Korean parents are most interested in .
| A．continuing their family | B．obtaining care in old age |
| C．strengthening family relationship | D．caring for raising children |
How many items are chosen by parents of more than two countries as main reasons?
| A．Two. | B．Three. | C．Four. | D．Five. |
From the percentages in items _______, we can see the following difference between the Asian and the European countries: the Asian parents want to devote themselves to future societies through children; the European parents enjoy the course of raising children.
| A．B and C | B．D and F | C．E and F | D．F and G |
According to the form, which of the following is true?
| A．From the main reasons shown in the form it seems that in every country parents do not expect care from children in their old age. |
| B．Japanese parents share two of their main reasons with the British and American parents, and the third one with Korean parents. |
| C．More than half of the parents from each country chose the reason“tostrengthen family ties”and for each it was one of the three main reasons for having children. |
| D．The percentage of French parents selecting the reason“to see oneself continuing in future”is about as high as that of the other countries. |
SOUTHPORT, ENGLAND—A British teaching union famous for strange ideas has supported a plan to employ dogs as classroom assistants.
At the yearly conference of the Professional Association of Teachers in Southport, northwest England, one person suggested properly trained dogs be able to keep order in primary schools. They can round up lost children and protect those who experience unfortunate “accidents”. Wendy Dyble, a Sheetland Islands woman who teaches children up to age seven, made it clear to her fellow friends that she was not “barking mad”. They obviously believed her, supporting her idea by 16 votes to 13, with a total of 63 abstentions（弃权）.
She said big dogs could help round up children, keep them in line, lick up the milk they spill on the floor and provide the extra eyes that a teacher needs to keep order. “A big dog would also be helpful for stopping flights and look for lost property, like gym shoes or dolls,” Dyble said at the conference. “The dog will also be useful in sniffing out(find out) smells that children do not own up to,” she added. “It would be nice for the teacher not to have to go round sniffing each child to find the criminal.”
The idea was welcomed by the Dog Defense League but less by bigger teaching unions. A spokesman for Education Secretary, David Blunkett, who is blind, said his guide dog was always popular with pupils when he visited schools. The Professional Association of Teachers, with around 35,000 members, is the smallest teaching union in Britain. It has an honor for occasional strange ideas.
Earlier this week, its yearly conference here suggested stopping exams because they lead to stress and introducing selection at the age of 12 based on physical coordination（调整）and manual（手工的）skill.According to the writer’s opinion, to employ dogs as classroom assistants ________.
| A．is not a good idea |
| B．can improve the relation between children and animals |
| C．is beyond ordinary people’s imagination |
| D．can make some teachers lose jobs |
What Dyble said at the conference ________.
| A．gained some support from the members |
| B．frightened everyone present |
| C．interested everyone present |
| D．caused some trouble to trained dogs |
The last paragraph of this passage ________.
| A．has nothing to do with the topic of this passage |
| B．shows there are too many exams in British school |
| C．provides further facts about the teaching union |
| D．shows the writer’s anger to the union |
What should you think about when you try to find your career? You are probably better at some school subjects than others, These may show strengths that you can use in your work. A boy who is good at mathematics can use that in engineering career. A girl who spells well and likes English may be good at office work. So it is important to know the subjects you do well in at school. On the other hand, you may not have any specially strong or weak subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard. Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value.
Your school may have taught you skills, such as typing or technical drawing, which you can use in your work. You may be good at mental work or cookery（烹调术） and look for a job where you can improve these skills.
If you have had a part - time job on Saturday or in the summer, think what you gained from it. If nothing else, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers. You may have learned to give correct change in a shop, for example. Just as important, you may become interested in a particular industry or career you see from the inside in a part - time job.
Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself. You may be all thumbs when you handle tools; perhaps you are a poor speller or cannot add up a column of figures. It is bitter to face any weaknesses than to pretend they do not exist. Your school record, for instance, may not be too good, yet it is an important part of your background. You should not feel sorry about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work.The first paragraph of the passage is mainly about ________.
| A．the indirect value of school work |
| B．the importance of being good at all subjects |
| C．knowing one’s strong or weak subjects at school |
| D．using school performance to help to choose a career |
In the writer’s opinion, for a student to have a part - time job is probably ________.
| A．a good way to find out his weak points |
| B．one of the best ways of earning extra money |
| C．of great use for his work in the future |
| D．a waste of time he could have spent on study |
If a student’s school record is not good, according to the passage, he________ .
| A．may do well in his future work |
| B．won’t be able to find a suitable job |
| C．may be a complete failure in the future |
| D．will regret not having worked harder at school |
The whole passage centers around ________.
| A．knowing oneself in looking for a job |
| B．developing one’s abilities useful in school |
| C．gaining much knowledge by working hard at school |
| D．choosing a career according to what one is skilled in |
The Galapagos a far-away archipelago(群岛) and largely untouched by man, is now facing a problem. Its local people, who live on the island of Santa Cruz, want to develop the business and tourist potential（旅游资源）of the island. Recently, they are locked in a bitter struggle with the naturalists who work at the Charles Darwin Centre, also on Santa Cruz. The naturalists want to protect the island’s wildlife which is already suffering as a result of human activity.
The animals’ great threat used to be sailors who, hundreds of years ago, robbed the islands for food. They wiped out about 250,000 Giant Tortoises. For example, on Pinta, one of the smallest islands, there are no Giant Tortoises left at all. The last survivor, an 80-year-old Giant Tortoise called Lonesome George, lives under the protection of naturalists at the Darwin Centre.
Today, the island’s animals are no longer hunted for food. But other dangers have replaced the threat from sailors. Goats, for example, introduced over the years by man, have gone wild. With no natural enemies, their number has reached 10,000 on the largest of the Galapagos islands, Isabella. They are eating huge quantities of plants, and robbed the remaining Giant Tortoises of food. The problem is now so bad that the National Park Service has hired hunters to kill the goats in order to save the Giant Tortoise from dying out.Today, you can find the Giant Tortoises on the island of _______.
| A．Santa Cruz | B．Pinta | C．Isabella | D．Galapagos |
Which of the following shows the right relationship between the Galapagos, Isabella, Pinta and Santa Cruz?
| A．The Galapagos>Pinta>Isabella>Santa Cruz |
| B．Isabella>Santa Cruz>the Galapagos>Pinta |
| C．The Galapagos>Isabella>Santa Cruz>Pinta |
| D．Isabella>the Galapagos>Pinta>Santa Cruz |
We can learn from the article the greatest danger to the Giant Tortoises is from________.
| A．sailors | B．hunters | C．goats | D．the local people |
From the first paragraph we can infer that _____.
| A．the naturalists try to help the local people with their interest. |
| B．The local people pay more attention to the economic growth than the wildlife there, |
| C．The animals and plants are of great importance to the local. |
| D．The naturalists don’t care about the local people at all |